Hemangioendothelioma is the term used to name those vascular neoplasms that show a borderline biological behavior, intermediate between entirely benign hemangiomas and highly malignant angiosarcomas. Although originally spindle cell hemangioendothelioma was proposed as a specific clinicopathologic variant of hemangioendothelioma, currently, it is considered as an entirely benign lesion, and thus, the name spindle cell hemangioma seems to be the most accurate for this lesion. Authentic hemangioendotheliomas involving the skin and soft tissues include Papillary intralymphatic angioendothelioma (also known as Dabska tumor), Retiform hemangioendothelioma, Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma, Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, Pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma (also known as epithelioid sarcoma-like hemangioendothelioma), and Composite hemangioendothelioma. Each of these neoplasms exhibit characteristic histopathologic features.

The burden of diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major challenge worldwide. This health problem has drawn attention, especially in Saudi Arabia, which is expected to be among the top five countries in 2030. The socioeconomic changes in KSA in recent decades resulted in changes in eating habits and lifestyle patterns. Diet is a modifiable factor that can prevent or delay the incidence of T2DM. Therefore, the relationship between diet and DM is crucial to deliver recommendations. Treatment of DM can only be effective if adequate attention is given to appropriate nutrition. Therefore, the Saudi Diabetes Clinical Practice Guidelines (SDCPG) (2021) recommended developing a nutrition therapy plan for each patient to achieve the treatment goals registered nutritionists provide for all individuals with DM. That is why a panel of 6 experts, a Saudi task force, gathered to develop an explicit, evidence-based consensus for nutrition therapy for T2DM people. An initial concept proposal was obtained. The proposal was divided into several topics discussed in September 2022. A literature review was carried out. The literature search was completed in March 2023. A drafted report was distributed to the entire panel. Approval of the recommendations required consensus, defined as a majority approval (i.e., above 80%). The recommendations were revised to accommodate any differences of opinion until a consensus was reached. Recommendations were finally formulated in June 2023. Subsequently, the panel reviewed and discussed the supporting rationale of the revised recommendations. This article presents these practical recommendations.

Health informatics has revolutionized the way healthcare professionals collaborate and deliver care, with significant implications for patient outcomes. This abstract explores the impact of health informatics on the collaboration between radiologists, laboratory technicians, pharmacists, and physicians, and its influence on patient outcomes. The abstract provides an overview of the role of health informatics in facilitating communication, information sharing, and decision-making among these healthcare professionals. It also discusses the potential benefits and challenges associated with integration of health informatics in collaborative care, and highlight the importance of leveraging technology to improve patient safety, treatment efficacy, and overall healthcare quality. The review concludes that, the professions of radiologists, laboratory technicians, chemists, doctors, and patient outcomes have all been significantly impacted by health informatics. Healthcare practitioners are now able to make better decisions thanks to the increased efficiency and accuracy of diagnostic imaging and laboratory tests brought about by the integration of technology and data management systems. Electronic prescribing and medication management systems have improved collaboration between chemists and doctors, guaranteeing safe and efficient pharmaceutical use. The application of health informatics has also helped patients receive more individualized care, better communication, and access to health information. All things considered, the use of health informatics has changed the way that healthcare is delivered and may continue to enhance patient outcomes in the future.

Leishmaniasis is a tropical infection transmitted to humans by the female sandfly (Phlebotomus argentipes). Leishmaniasis is widely prevalent in the Eastern states of India namely Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal having a hot and humid climate.

The emergence of Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE)is a public health concern worldwide. It is associated with increased mortality due to limited antibiotics available to treat CRE infections. The aim of this study was to understand the epidemiology of CRE infections, associated mortality, and available treatment options. All patients with CRE isolated in blood culture were identified between December 2011 and October 2019. Risk factors and mortality associated with each risk factor at 14 and 30 days were determined.55 cases of CRE bloodstream infections were isolated, with a median age of 56 years. Eighty-four percent of patients received treatment in the ICU. All cases were caused by Klebsiella pneumonia. The rate of resistance to the tested antibiotics was as follows: meropenem 92% (50/54), imipenem 75% (40/53), etrapenam 95% (19/20), Amikacin 71% (37/52), cotrimoxazole 73% (40/53), Gentamicin 47% (25/53) and colistin 7% (3/41). Major risk factors associated were the presence of a urinary catheter (84%), central venous catheter (78%), mechanical ventilation (74%) and post-surgery (67%). Mortality at 14 days and 30 days was 41%, and 52%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that 14 days mortality was higher in patients with central venous catheter (P=0.01). Charlson's comorbidity index was associated with an increased risk of death at 30 days (P=0.04). There was no statistically increased survival in those treated with combination therapy at 30 days (P=0.5). The mortality of CRE infections seems to be high and optimal therapy is not yet well defined. Combination therapy is not associated with increased survival in this cohort of patients.

Background: Menopause induces hormonal changes, including decreased estrogen levels, which can impact lipid metabolism and increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases in women. Objective: This comparative observational study aimed to assess the correlation between menopause and lipid profiles in women aged 35-65 years attending the General Health Check-up OPD at World College of Medical Sciences and Research in Jhajjar, Haryana, India, from January 2020 to December 2022. Methods: A total of 252 apparently healthy women, divided into premenopausal (n=126) and postmenopausal (n=126) groups, were included. Lipid profiles, including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), were measured. Data were statistically analyzed using an independent t-test with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: In the study of 126 postmenopausal women, mean lipid profiles demonstrated notable values: total cholesterol (TC) at 191.59±35.78 mg/dl, triglycerides (TG) at 143.44±72.39 mg/dl, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) at 45.01±9.99 mg/dl, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) at 116.43±31.79 mg/dl, and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) at 28.69±14.48 mg/dl. Among 128 premenopausal women, mean lipid profiles were: TC 164±35.03 mg/dl, TG 125.52±65.84 mg/dl, HDL-C 41.66±7.66 mg/dl, LDL-C 96.95±31.78 mg/dl, and VLDL-C 25.10±13.17 mg/dl. Postmenopausal women exhibited significantly higher TC, TGs, LDL-C, and VLDL-C, alongside elevated cardiac risk ratios (TC/HDL and LDL/HDL), compared to premenopausal women Postmenopausal women displayed significantly higher mean levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, and VLDL-C compared to premenopausal women. Additionally, cardiac risk ratios, TC/HDL and LDL/HDL, were elevated in the postmenopausal group. Surprisingly, HDL-C levels were also significantly higher in postmenopausal women. Conclusions: Menopause is associated with unfavorable alterations in lipid profiles, including increased TC, TG, LDL-C, and VLDL-C, along with elevated cardiac risk ratios. However, HDL-C levels were unexpectedly higher in postmenopausal women. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring lipid profiles during the menopausal transition to address cardiovascular health concerns effectively.

Magnesium supplements have been effective for modulating process of bile resistance, decrease oxidative stress and systemic inflammation. Current study was designed to functionally evaluate the MgO nanoparticle supplementation in an acute liver injury rat model. The animals were randomly divided into five groups. All groups were administrated with CCl4 to induce hepatic injury except of negative control group which received only vehicle. CCl4 administration is followed by MgO nanoparticles in the concentration of 150 and 300 mg/kg in low dose and high dose treated group respectively except of standard control group. After 21 days of treatment, the animals were sacrificed to collect blood and liver samples. Serum levels of bilirubin, AST, ALT and ALP were determined. Liver sample was also subjected to RNA isolation by Trizol method followed by the cDNA synthesis and Real Time PCR. In addition, lipid profile was also assessed. The data obtained was analyzed by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that levels of bilirubin, AST, ALT and ALP were significantly elevated in positive control group while MgO treated groups, somehow, had normal ranges of these enzymes. Furthermore, the qPCR results showed that the expression of Farnesoid X receptor (FXR), transcriptional regulator of the bile salt export pump (BSEP) and sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP), is reduced in positive control group, while nanoparticles treated groups had normal expression of these genes. In conclusion, our data showed that MgO nanoparticles possess hepatoprotective activity against hepatic injury.

The impact of interdisciplinary collaboration on patient care in various fields such as pharmacy, administration, psychology, radiology, and nursing cannot be overstated. The integration of knowledge and expertise from these diverse disciplines has significantly improved the quality of care provided to patients, leading to better health outcomes and overall patient satisfaction. One of the key benefits of interdisciplinary collaboration is the ability to bring together different perspectives and approaches to problem-solving. In a healthcare setting, this can be particularly valuable as it allows for a more comprehensive understanding of a patient's needs and challenges. The value of interdisciplinary collaboration lies in its ability to leverage the unique expertise and perspectives of professionals from different fields, thereby fostering a more holistic and comprehensive approach to problem-solving. Interdisciplinary collaboration has the potential to generate fresh perspectives and comprehension across boundaries between disciplines. Multidisciplinary study that is new can cross borders of disciplines to address complex and referred to as vicious issues facing culture.

The second-to-fourth digit (2D:4D) ratio is a sexually dimorphic trait that has previously been reported to be associated with socio-behavioral characteristics. This study examined the relationship amongst 2D:4D ratio, sex, and socio-behavioral characteristics among undergraduate medical students at Enugu State University of Science and Technology. A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study design was adopted and a sample size of 120 was calculated using the Taro-Yamane formula. Convenience sampling method was utilized and the majority exhibited positive socio-behavioral characteristics such as emotional control and stress management abilities. There was a significant difference in the personality traits (conscientiousness and openness) between the male and female population at P<0.050. However, there were no significant differences between the left and right digit ratio among the male and female population as P>0.050 in each case. Also, there was no significant difference in the level of executive functions (emotional control, inhibition control, and stress intolerance) among the male and female populations as P>0.050 in each case. There was a significant negative correlation between the right-hand 2D:4D digit ratio and level of conscientiousness among the population with (r=-0.196) at P<0.050. However, no significant association was found between personality traits and executive functions. There was no significant difference between the participants’ digit ratio and gender. However, the male right-hand 2D:4D digit ratio was significantly associated with conscientiousness among the population. Additionally, no significant correlation was found between the participant’s digit ratios and their executive functions (emotional control, inhibition control, and stress tolerance).

Background & Objective: Canonical WNT/Wingless pathway regulates expression of target genes by modulating intracellular β-catenin leading to cancer growth and survival. Here, we studied inhibition of β-catenin using zerumbone (ZER) or β-catenin-siRNA in Sprague-Dawley rat cancer model. Methodology: Rat mammary gland tumor model was induced with the wild-type LA7 breast cancer cell line or β-catenin-knockdown-LA7 cells. LA7-rats were treated with ZER or β-catenin-siRNA as a positive control and the levels of β-catenin expression and its target gene were assessed using real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry and TUNEL assay. Results: We found good correlation between β-catenin inhibition and induction of apoptosis when using ZER or β-catenin-siRNA. In this aspect, ZER and β-catenin-siRNA inhibited cellular proliferation as reflected by reduced growth of breast cancer and apoptosis induction in rat mammary gland tumor. Further, our studies demonstrate that treatment with ZER and β-catenin-siRNA affected β-catenin-dependent gene expression. β-catenin downregulation by ZER or knockdown by β-catenin-siRNA improves the morphological and histological feature of the breast tissues as confirmed by subtle changes of the genes involved in cell-apoptotic pathways. Conclusion: This indicates that ZER targets similarly to β-catenin-siRNA and possibly be a useful anti-breast cancer by affecting expression of down-stream targets that are key components in cancer development. ZER can be a promising anticancer candidate for treatment of breast.

This case report describes the non-surgical root canal treatment (RCT) of two cases with a periapical lesion associated with maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth of male patients who complained of swelling associated with pus drainage and pain. The obturation of both maxillary and mandibular central incisors was done by using lateral condensation and epoxy resin-based sealer, followed by composite resin filling as a permanent restoration. Clinical and radiographic re-evaluations at 4 months and 7 months for maxillary and mandibular teeth respectively revealed progressing bone healing, particularly in a maxillary region. This case report shows that an appropriate diagnosis in combination with RCT as a conservative non-surgical approach can lead to the complete healing of a large lesion without invasive treatments.

International Humanitarian Law (IHL) states that armed separatists are parties to the conflict. Hence, IHL applies to both armed separatists and government forces with equal force. Ambiguity comes in at the level of Cameroonian law, where armed separatists have been arrested and charged with the offences of terrorism and secession without consideration that there are parties to the conflict. The aim of this paper is to determine the status of armed separatist in NW and SW regions of Cameroon for the proper applicability of the law. This paper shall also examine whether the right to self -determination nullifies the offences of secession and terrorism within the context of the conflict in Cameroon. In order to attain the above objectives, doctrinal and analytical methodology has been adopted. The paper concludes that terrorism and secession are distinct offences under Cameroonian Law and the right to self-determination appears to be too abstract to shield these offences. To this end, it is recommended that they should be a clear line between secession, terrorism and self-determination. Equally, the law should clearly define the procedure for self-determination.

Every minute of every day, a baby is born. Most babies are easily seen to be a girl or a boy. Imagine how confusing it must be when we don’t know the sex of a newborn? This is rare and it can be very upsetting for parents. During the present study, a total of 47 individuals with unassigned sex were enrolled for chromosome study. These 47 individuals in different age group were categorized into three groups namely ambiguous genitalia, Intersex and Hypospadias. In Ambiguous genitalia group, a total of seventeen individuals were enrolled for chromosome study. Of these, thirteen individuals reared as males were found to have 46, XY karyotype. In the remaining four cases reared as female sex, three were found to have 46, XX karyotype and one which was phenotypically a female was found to have 46, XY karyotype. In Intersex group, a total of fourteen individuals were enrolled for chromosome study. Of these fourteen cases of Intersex reared as male sex by their parents, thirteen were found to possess 46, XY karyotype where as one cases was found possessing 46, XX. In Hypospadias group, a total of sixteen individuals were enrolled for chromosome study and were found to have 46, XY karyotype. The purpose of the present study was to find out the chromosomal sex in these individuals. The study is first of its kind from Jammu region of Jammu and Kashmir, India.

Background: Dentures are removably inserted dental prosthetics that fill up tooth gaps. There are many types of dentures, including complete, partial and implant-supported dentures. As long-term supports for tooth replacements, dental implants have significantly changed the treatment philosophies of conventional prosthodontics. However, the success and durability of these prosthetic devices may be impacted if a person seeking denture implants has diabetes. Diabetes affects the body in many ways, including the mouth's oral health. Immediate dentures have many benefits, including better oral functions, preservation of lower facial height, preservation of tooth sockets, improvement of aesthetics, and replication of natural teeth's shape, form, and location by artificial teeth. Diabetes mellitus has been reported to be associated strongly with the oral health. The higher glucose microenvironment prolongs healing of tooth extraction sockets. Thus, encouraging the healing of tooth extraction sockets is crucial from a therapeutic perspective for people with diabetes mellitus. Methods: An electronic search of English peer-reviewed dental literature on PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar was conducted to identify all publications reporting on how diabetes affect dentures until August 2023. Overall, 977 publications were found through an electronic and manual search, out of which 130 articles were selected after screening based on title and abstract. A total of 52 publications passed the second review phase after assessment for eligibility, from which 24 studies were excluded after full-text screening. Finally, a total of 28 studies were selected. A total of 10 articles were found to match our eligibility criteria to the full and were included in the final systematic review. Conclusion: Diabetes negatively impacts implanted dentures' success and longevity, leading to complications like Candida infection, poor bone integration, peri-implantitis, and compromised healing. Larger clinical trials are needed to understand diabetes's impact on implant therapy outcomes. Clinicians should assess patients' overall health, monitor glycemic control, maintain oral hygiene, and perform regular maintenance for optimal outcomes.

Background: Zerumbone is a sesquiterpene which was found to delay progression of breast cancer through apoptosis induction via up-regulating Bax protein and down-regulating Bcl2 protein. Purpose: In this study, we aimed to investigate Zerumbone, a natural compound of medicinal herbal plant isolated from Zingiber zerumbet, for anti-cancer activity against MCF-7 cell line. Methods: Human cancer cell lines of breast MCF-7 cells were obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA). ON target plus smart pool siRNA, the most efficient method is used for preparation of β-catenin siRNA. Cyclophilin B siRNA is considered as positive control. Zrumbone is an ethanol-soluble compound isolated from Zingiber zerumbet, extracted by the hydro-distillation (steam distillation) method. Purification of ZER was examined using HPLC. The MCF-7 cells transfected with 100 µM human β-catenin (CTNNB1) siRNA or cyclophilin B siRNA positive control. After transfection, the cells were harvested at 48hrs for mRNA analysis or 48 – 72 hrs for protein analysis. IC50 for ZER was determined using MTT assay. MCF-7 transfected with β-catenin siRNA were then treated with ZER IC50. The mRNA expression was analyzed using real-time to ensure the knock down of β-catenin. TUNNEL assay was used to confirm apoptosis and flow cytometry was applied for quantification of apoptotic cells. Western blot analysis was done to evaluate the effect of ZER and β-catenin (CTNNB1) siRNA on the expression of β-catenin and its functional impact on the proliferation and survival of MCF-7 cells. Results: ZER decreased β-catenin protein expression in breast cancer cell lines. ZER downregulated β-catenin mRNA level in breast cancer cell lines. Depletion of β-catenin by β-catenin siRNA and ZER induce cell apoptosis. Apoptosis caused by ZER was confirmed/examined using by annexin V (annexin V was used as a marker for drug action). Conclusion: Zerumbone possesses anti-breast cancer activity, which could be attributed to the reduction of β-catenin protein expression in MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines, downregulation of β-catenin mRNA level in breast cancer cell lines and through annexin V.