The aim of this research is to analyze and find regulations regarding the maintenance of compensation for land acquisition for development in the public interest that are not based on justice. To analyze and find weaknesses in current regulations regarding the maintenance of compensation for land acquisition for development in the public interest. This research uses a sociological juridical approach. The specification of this research is qualitative research, namely legal research using empirical interviews with several informants. The interview aims to dig deeper into what the researcher wants to know by digging deeper into information from existing sources with dialectical exchanges between researchers and informants regarding Custody. compensation for land acquisition for public development. The research results found that the provision of compensation for land acquisition for development in the public interest was not based on justice as regulated in Article 68 Paragraph (1) letter f, Article 69 Paragraph (2), Article 85 A and Article 89 paragraph (1), paragraph (2) and paragraph (3) Government Regulation Number 39 of 2023 concerning Amendments to Government Regulation Number 19 2021 concerning the Implementation of Land Acquisition for Development in the Public Interest, and Article 132 paragraph (6) Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency of the Republic of Indonesia Number 19 of 2021 concerning Provisions for Implementing Government Regulation Number 19 of 2021 concerning the Implementation of Land Acquisition for Development for the Public Interest, and Article 42 paragraph (3) of Law Number 6 of 2023 concerning the Stipulation of Government Regulations in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 concerning Job Creation into Law.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) begins usually between 20 and 30. A second peak in incidence between 50 and 70 has been recognized. IBD in the elderly is defined as disease diagnosed after the age of 60. IBD in the elderly are special entity, characterized by their weakness, associated comorbidity, and their sometimes-severe course. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary particularities of IBD in elderly. This is a retrospective study over a 5-year period from July 2018 to July 2023 on 424 patients followed for IBD. We included patients with documented CD or UC and who are over 60 years of age at the time of diagnosis. Of the 16 patients enrolled, mean age at diagnosis was 69.48 [60-82], sex ratio F/M 1.28, 2 patients were smokers (12.5%), 13 (81.25%) had at least one associated comorbidity. 7 patients had CD (43.75%), 7 had UC (43.75%), and 2 had indeterminate colitis (12.5%). 3 patients underwent surgery (18.75%), 2 for severe acute colitis with subtotal colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis, and 1 for ileal fistulas with ileocecal resection and ileocolic anastomosis. The progression was favorable, with an average number of relapses of 2/year, and an average number of severe relapses of 0.5/year. Maintenance of remission was noted in 15 cases (93.75%). 8 patients were on 5-Aminosalicylates (5ASA) (50%), corticosteroids and immunosuppressives was prescribed in 4 patients (25%), anti-TNFs in 2 patients (12.5%), anti-interleukins 1 patient (6.25%) and 1 patient was in remission on no treatment. In conclusion, the disease localization and phenotype in this study are like those reported in the literature relating to elderly IBD patients, and despite concerns about the risk of acquiring infections and malignancies in this age group, a high rate of corticosteroids and immunosuppressive prescription is noted.

Introduction: Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne arboviral (arthropod-borne virus) disease which is of global concern. This fever is a benign syndrome caused by an arthropod-borne virus and is characterized by Biphasic fever, myalgia, arthralgia, rash, leukopenia, and lymphadenopathy. Aim of the study: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and laboratory profile of dengue fever in children less than 15 years old admitted to an urban hospital. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Paediatrics of Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Hospital (AKMMCH), Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from 4 April 2019 to 9 September 2019. They have followed up on the symptoms, platelet count and management of the patients. Data were analysed by using MS-Excel-2016. Result: In total 98 patients from both groups completed the study. In our study, we found a maximum of 54.08% were male, more than half 53(54.08%) patients were below five years of age, about 95(96.94%) of the patients had a fever. Maximum patients, 81(82.65%), were managed by I/V fluid, more than 72(73.47%) of the patients were managed by paracetamol. Others by antibiotics 16(16.33%), platelet transfusion 14(14.29%) and blood transfusion 12(12.24%). Other management also includes plasma, & dopamine. Conclusion: These study children about 0-15 years of age more commonly suffer from dengue fever. As the vaccine is not available in Bangladesh, these patients need a timely diagnosis and critical monitoring during the disease course to prevent severity and mortality.

Nepal's health sector vulnerabilities were exposed during the 2015 Gorkha earthquake, which prompted immediate reconstruction efforts. This disaster underscored the need for enhanced healthcare infrastructure throughout the country but encountered numerous challenges. This study aims to investigate the challenges faced during the post-earthquake reconstruction of health sector building projects in rural Nepal. Five major challenges were identified through a literature review, namely "resource challenges", "legal challenges", "physical and territorial challenges", "management and coordination challenges" and "social and cultural challenges". Perceptions on identified challenges were collected from 137 clients, consultants, and contractors working on 106 ongoing building construction projects in 9 districts across 3 provinces funded by the Government of India. Structural equation modeling (SEM) using the partial least squares (PLS) method was conducted with SmartPLS version 3 to identify the major challenges. All five challenges were found to be significant, with "resource challenges" being the most significant (β= 0.613), followed by "legal challenges", "physical and territorial challenges", "management and coordination challenges" and "social and cultural challenges". Based on these findings, it is suggested that Nepal should adopt a comprehensive strategy that includes proper resource management, improved legal frameworks, effective coordination between stakeholders, and an understanding of social and cultural dynamics to overcome these challenges. Therefore, all project stakeholders must collaborate to address these challenges, which will ensure a resilient and sustainable healthcare infrastructure in earthquake-prone regions like Nepal.

Raising a child with cerebral palsy (CP) can be both rewarding and challenging. Family caregivers, typically parents, play an important role in supporting and caring for children with CP. Research on CP family caregiving is growing, but Arab parental caregiving appears absent from this body of work. The objective was to map the scope of the existing literature about parents of children with CP in Arab contexts to identify gaps in knowledge and guide future research. This scoping review was conducted following the JBI methodology. Five major health-related databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Global Health, APA Psycinfo) and two general search engines and directories (Google Scholar and Ulrichsweb) were searched. We selected peer-reviewed studies that included parents of children with CP in Arab countries, regardless of publication date or study design. The search included literature published in Arabic and English. We identified ten studies that met our criteria and were published between 2013 and 2022. Across all studies, mothers were the most reported primary caregivers. Four studies reported tasks performed by parental caregivers, including but not limited to transferring, dressing, transportation, and feeding. The included studies explored the financial, social, and information needs of the parents. Studies focused primarily on caregiver burden or other negative consequences of caregiving. Parents in one study only reported increased resilience as a positive consequence. In addition, no studies included interventions. Research on parental caregiving in the Arab context is limited. Further studies are necessary to explore the unique needs and experiences of Arab CP caregivers.

Introduction: Cranial wounds encephalic penetrating by stab are rare and repesent 0.4% of Head trauma. They are often observed in an attempt at autolysis in mentally ill people, or in physical aggression. We report here a case of an adolescent victim of attack by the penetration of a knife into his brain. Patient and method: This is a patient aged 17 years old, with no known medical history, admitted to the Emergency Reception Department of the Gabriel TOURE University Hospital for open head trauma following a physical attack with the penetration of a knife inside his headrane. The entire blade of the weapon was lodged in his brain parenchyma. The entry point was the right parietal bone. The patient had a Glasgow score of 15/15, with good hemodynamic status. The cranial scanner encephalic which was carried out a few minutes after his admission high lighted the presence of the knife blade at the level of parietal and temporal lobe of her hemisphere right. Result: The patient was operated successfully with extraction of a knife whose blade measured 6 to 7cm. A good postoperative evolution followed. Conscious and without motor deficit, he received a follow-up CT scan on day 7. Then he was released from the hospital with out patient follow-up. Conclusion: Cranial wounds-encephalic by penetration of a bladed weapon are very rare. The CT scan in emergency is the key examination to clarify the location, the number of foreign bodies, as well as brain lesions. They require rapid surgical treatment after CT evaluation. Their prognosis remains reserved regarding the severity of the head trauma, endocranial vascular lesions and infections.

The rapid rise of antimicrobial resistance to commercially available antibiotics has led researchers to search for an alternative drug source. Medicinal plants pose as a potential source of natural antimicrobial drugs that compact drug resistant microorganisms. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of M. oleifera leaves and flowers extracts led to the identification of an important pharmacological bioactive natural compounds. The antibacterial activity of leaves and flowers extract were determined using agar disc diffusion method and MIC assay against selected human pathogens. The ethanolic and methanolic leaves and flowers extracts yielded 19.5%, 24.38%, 15.62% and 18.02% respectively. Leaves and flowers extracts were active against bacterial strains in a dose dependent manner. The ethanolic leaves extract (100 mg/mL) possessed potential antibacterial activity against the two tested Gram-negative bacteria: E. coli, A. baumannii and three Gram-positive bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, S. saprophyticus and E. Faecalis by producing 20.00±0.50, 20.67±0.84, 15.33±1.04, 20.43±0.63, 25.83±0.76 mm zone of growth inhibition respectively compared to the control. However, methanolic leaves extract exhibited considerable inhibitory efficacy against two bacterial strains A. baumannii and S. saprophyticus with 17.17±0.59 and 15.81±0.62 respectively. The tested strains were highly sensitive to 200 mg/mL where the highest zone of inhibition was 30.29±0.92 mm observed against E. faecalis, and the lowest zone of inhibition was against Staphylococcus aureus with 20.33±1.04 mm. Both ethanolic and methanolic extracts showed antimicrobial efficacy more than that exhibited by ethanolic and methanolic flowers extracts. Ethanolic and methanolic leaves extracts had MIC of 200 mg/mL against all tested strains where ethanolic leaves extract showed MIC of 100 mg/mL against three strains, E. coli, A. baumannii and S. saprophyticus. This study suggests that the extracts of M. oleifera can be used to discover antibacterial agent for developing new pharmaceuticals against human pathogens.

This article examines the potential and limitations of director rotation as a response to the "boardroom bubble" phenomenon in Nigerian companies. Gaining traction as a key corporate governance practice, director rotation seeks to mitigate stagnant decision-making within boards. The research explores how this approach can enhance corporate governance, accountability, and oversight. Our study suggests that while director rotation holds significant promise in reducing board entrenchment and strengthening corporate governance, it is not without drawbacks. These drawbacks include: Lack of independence among directors, reduced knowledge continuity on matters such as ESG (Environmental Social and Governance) factors or long-term strategies, difficulty finding suitable successors who share their predecessors’ characteristics (e.g., gender) as well as turmoil created when introducing inexperienced members onto Boards at times of crisis. Additionally, it does not address other important aspects of board diversity i.e., racial or ethnic background or educational achievements, which remain overlooked through this process alone. While acknowledging the benefits of rotation as a potential remedy for the “boardroom bubble,” this paper advocates for a nuanced approach to board rotation in Nigeria. Our research undertakes a comprehensive examination of Nigeria’s legal and regulatory landscape for implementing rotational boards, employing a rigorous doctrinal approach. The analysis delves into primary sources of data, such as the relevant Acts of the National Assembly and pertinent case law, while the secondary data are mainly books, journals, periodicals and web-based materials. In addition, the work proposes further research to explore specific regulatory frameworks and best practices tailored to the Nigerian context.

Government is aiming to establish India as global manufacturing hub through various policy measures and incentives to specific manufacturing sectors. Launched in 2014, the Make in India initiative aims to transform India into a manufacturing, design, and innovation hub. The initiative spans 27 sectors, supported by policies like PLI schemes, GST, corporate tax reduction, and ease of doing business reforms. The One District One Product (ODOP) initiative promotes regional development by highlighting unique products from each district, fostering socio-economic growth. In this paper we have taken quarterly and yearly data of Manufacturing Sector 2012-13 to 2023-24 from Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation. In this paper we have seen the growth rate on yearly basis, CAGR, trend analysis and performance of Manufacturing Sector in pre and post-pandemic period. Is there any fluctuations in the growth rate of this sector during pre and post pandemic or any type of pattern?

Background: Long COVID, or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), is characterized by persistent symptoms that last weeks to months following the acute phase of COVID-19. This condition affects a substantial number of COVID-19 survivors, impacting multiple organ systems and significantly reducing quality of life. Method: This literature review synthesized research on the delayed and long-term physical side effects of COVID-19. A comprehensive search was conducted using Google Scholar and PubMed to identify open-access, English-language studies. Keywords included "COVID-19 side effects," "long COVID," and "post-acute sequelae of COVID-19." Relevant studies were screened and analyzed for key findings and limitations. Findings: The review identified significant long-term symptoms affecting COVID-19 survivors, including fatigue, dyspnea, chest pain, cognitive impairments, and musculoskeletal pain. These symptoms persist across diverse populations, regardless of the severity of the initial infection. Key limitations in existing studies include small sample sizes, single-center designs, and potential biases in self-reported data. Conclusion: Long COVID presents a major public health challenge, necessitating a multidisciplinary approach to manage its extensive and multifaceted impacts. Continued research, standardized diagnostic criteria, and comprehensive care models are essential to address the long-term needs of COVID-19 survivors and mitigate the broader economic and social burdens.

Background: Acute diarrhea poses a significant health threat to children globally, often leading to severe morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries. Electrolyte imbalances, including hyponatremia and hypokalemia, are common complications associated with acute diarrhea, further exacerbating the risk of adverse outcomes. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of sodium and potassium abnormalities, specifically hyponatremia and hypokalemia, in children presenting with acute diarrhea. Methodology: A prospective cohort study was conducted at the Pediatric department of a tertiary hospital from July 2022 to June 2023. A total of 130 pediatric patients aged up to 5 years, presenting with acute diarrhea, were included in the study. Clinical examinations were conducted, and demographic data, including age, gender, residence, and socioeconomic status, were recorded. Serum sodium and potassium levels were determined from venous blood samples, and hyponatremia and hypokalemia were defined as sodium levels <130 mmol/l and potassium levels <3.5 mmol/l, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 24.0. Results: The mean age of the patients was 2.38 years, with a disease duration of 3.54 days. Male patients accounted for 60% of the cohort, and urban residency was predominant (55%). Clinical symptoms included loose motion (100%), abdominal pain (70%), fever (35%), vomiting (31%), and lethargy (27%). Hyponatremia was observed in 30% of patients, while hypokalemia was present in 40% of cases. Conclusion: Sodium and potassium imbalances are prevalent among children with acute diarrhea, highlighting the need for vigilant monitoring and appropriate management strategies to prevent adverse outcomes. The high incidence of hyponatremia and hypokalemia underscores the importance of early recognition and intervention in pediatric patients presenting with acute diarrhea.

The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of motivation and self-confidence of swimming athletes on the results of the 50 meter freestyle. This research is descriptive quantitative with a correlational approach. The sample for this research was selected through purposive sampling, so that the athletes involved were athletes who had won at the provincial level. A total of 32 athletes aged 13 – 17 years, athlete characteristics (mean ± SD), age 16.03±3.6 years, training experience 6.8±7.8 years, competition involvement in 1 year is 2 - 4 times. The instrument uses a questionnaire and a 50 meter swimming test which is then recorded based on the best time. The data shows a normal distribution and the linearity test is carried out through the F test (p-value > 0.05) which explains the influence between motivation and self-confidence and the results of the 50 meter freestyle swimming which are declared linear. Correlation results show that there is a positive and significant relationship between motivation and self-confidence on the results of the 50 meter freestyle swimming 0.000 < 0.05. The coefficient of determination shows that the influence of motivation and self-confidence on freestyle swimming results is (R2 = 0.877) or 87.7%. The conclusion is the importance of psychological factors such as motivation and self-confidence in achieving good results in swimming. These results can serve as a guide for coaches and athletes to strengthen motivation and build self-confidence which in turn can improve performance and achieve better results in swimming competitions.

In recent years, biogenic approaches to crafting silver nanocomposites have garnered considerable attention outstanding to their potential in developing semi-healthcare and para-pharmaceutical consumer products. This study presents a novel, environmentally benign method for synthesizing silver nanoparticles operating the previously unexplored mucus derived from the Common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Thorough characterization of the resultant materials using UV–Visible Spectroscopy and FTIR Spectroscopy techniques confirms the successful formation of silver nanoparticles within the common carp mucus matrix. Subsequent testing against a diverse selection of bacterial strains, including Gram-positive (Escherichia coli) and Gram-negative (Bacillus subtilis), as well as a fungal strain (Terbinafine), using the well diffusion method, reveals potent antibacterial and antifungal properties exhibited by the silver nanoparticles embedded in the mucus matrix. Further experiments were conducted to ascertain the inhibitory concentration against both bacterial strains. Cytotoxicity assessments conducted via in vitro analysis using blood intriguingly heightened cytotoxic activity of the biogenically synthesized silver nanoparticles within the biocompatible mucus, suggesting potential applications in anticancer therapies. Moreover, evaluation of antioxidant properties (DPPH, TPC, TFC) and enzymatic activities (SOD, POD, CAT, TSP) of the mucus-based nanoparticles demonstrates promising outcomes, indicative of their potential utility in formulating antimicrobial.

Background: Labor pain is intensely severe, often leading to hyperventilation and hormonal releases that can harm the fetus by reducing oxygen supply and causing metabolic acidosis. Effective pain management during childbirth is crucial for both physical and mental health. Various pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic methods are available, with epidural analgesia being a prominent choice. It is widely used in high-income countries, provides substantial pain relief, and benefits uterine contractions and placental perfusion. Epidural analgesia has potential side effects and controversies, such as delayed labor and higher intervention rates. Aim of the Study: The study aimed to examine the impact of epidural analgesia on the mode of delivery. Methods: This observational study, conducted from July 2021 to June 2022 at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics in a 250-bed District Hospital in Bagerhat, Bangladesh, included 50 participants divided into two groups of 25 each: Group A (with epidural analgesia) and Group B (without epidural analgesia). Approved by the Ethical Committee, the study included women aged 18-35 years, 37-41 weeks gestation, in labor with regular contractions, at least 4 cm cervical dilatation, and a regular fetal heart rate pattern. Excluded were women with medical or obstetrical complications, uterine scars, or spinal deformities. Data were collected via interviews, observations, and clinical examinations. Result: In this study of 50 participants (25 per group), most women were under 30 years old, with mean ages of 22.4±4.5 and 22.9±5.2 years in groups A and B, respectively. Gestational ages ranged from 37 to 40 weeks, and BMIs were 18.5-24.9 kg/m². Both groups had similar parity distributions. Normal vaginal births occurred in 84% (Group A) and 88% (Group B), with LSCS rates at 4%. Group A had 60% male neonates with average birth weights of 2.86±0.27 kg, and Group B had 56% males with weights of 2.88±0.26 kg. APGAR scores were high in both groups. Conclusion: Epidural labor analgesia is safe and does not increase instrumental deliveries or affect neonatal outcomes, making it a viable pain management option. Obstetric care providers can use this information to counsel women.

Background- Contraceptive methods are preventive methods to help women avoid unwanted pregnancies. They include temporary and permanent measures to prevent pregnancy resulting from coitus. Indian women prefer to avoid unwanted pregnancy, but appropriate information which affects the decision of contraception is not accessible to everyone. Preference of contraceptive method/s depends on multiple factors. Aim- to study the preferred method of contraception among women of age 18 to 30 years attending a tertiary care centre. Materials and Methods- The cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 married women of age 18 to 30 years attending BVP RMC Loni, Maharashtra. The study duration was of 5 months (December 2023 to April 2024). Pregnant, lactating women were excluded. After taking written informed consent, sociodemographic details and contraception details were recorded. Microsoft Excel 2013 and pspp version 1.0.1 were used for the analysis of the gathered data. Results- Out of 200 participants, only 83 participants were using contraception. Thus prevalence of participants using contraception was 41.5%. Out of those 83 participants who were using contraception, majority i.e 35% participants used traditional method like withdrawal and/or rhythm method, 25% used IUD, 16 % participants preferred OC pills or emergency pills, 8% used combination of any two or more methods, 6% used male condoms, 6% were sterilised, 4% used injectable contraceptive. No participant’s husband had undergone vasectomy. Conclusion - Health education about contraceptive methods is needed. Health and social awareness is needed in men about sharing the burden of contraception.