Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a self-pollinating annual grass which is cultivated as staple crop widely cultivated in the world belong to the family poaceae. Wheat plays a vital role in human and animal nutrition because it is a major source of carbohydrates. Drought is a generally prolonged period of dryness which creates significant damage to crops and prevents their effective growth. It can also refer to a prolonged period of extremely low precipitation, especially one that has a negative impact on growing or living conditions. The nutritional and versatile value of wheat grain recognizes it so important that it can be refined into semolina, flour, and other products such as cookies, bread, pastries, noodles, pasta and couscous also stated that wheat is largely used to make chapatti, cakes and other food products. The germplasm was comprised of test varieties or test treatments and check varieties or control treatments. The field experiment was out by utilizing augmented block design. Parameters like germination %, tillers per plant, canopy temperature, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), days to 50% heading, flag leaf area (cm2), days to maturity, plant height (cm) were evaluated. Under drought condition yield/plant had positive and highly significant correlation with number of tillers, seed weight/spike and positive non-significant with NDVI, flag leaf area, days to maturity and thousand kernel weight under drought condition.

The use of herbicides in forests is important for enhancing tree growth and forest productivity. By effectively controlling competing vegetation, herbicides facilitate the survival and healthy development of young trees. They also play a key role in efficient forest management, contributing to the sustainability and economic viability of forestry practices. This effective vegetation management is crucial for meeting global demands for wood and forest products. This comprehensive review critically examines the dualistic nature of herbicide use in forestry, exploring both its environmental benefits and risks. The paper delves into the historical evolution of herbicide technology in forest management, highlighting its significant role in enhancing tree growth and wood volume yields. With a focus on long-term studies it is analysis the efficacy of herbicides in improving forest productivity and their compatibility with environmental sustainability. The review also addresses the contentious debate surrounding herbicide use, particularly its perceived threats to biodiversity conservation and wildlife management. Additionally, we explore alternative vegetation management strategies, including biological control methods like Mycoherbicides, and discuss emerging trends in sustainable forest management. The paper aims to provide a balanced understanding of the interplay between economic benefits and ecological imperatives in modern forestry, emphasizing the need for a nuanced approach to herbicide use. Through this exploration, the review contributes to the discourse on harmonizing forest management practices with environmental stewardship.

Plant hormones are chemicals that are present in small amounts, influence and promote the division, growth, and maturation of cells and tissues. Salicylic acid is a phenolic phytohormone and has a function in growth/development, photosynthesis, transpiration, ion absorption, and transport. By interfering with endogenous signals, SA mediates plant defense against pathogens. It strengthens the body's defenses against infections by promoting the production of pathogenesis-related proteins. It affects the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) pathway, wherein a pathogenic assault on one. Water deficiency affects during tillering, head emergence, filling of grain and maturity water deficiency of wheat. Concentration of carotenoids more during drought stress and that produced for drought tolerance enhancement in bread wheat. Water shortage on pigment contents of photosynthesis, relative water amount, shot weight in dried form, flag leaf area specific mass, parameters for gas exchange, physiological parameters and yield. Drought there more significant reduction in tillers/plant, fertile tillers/plant, length of spike, yield/spike and thousand kernel weight of wheat cultivars during drought conditions as compared with normal irrigation conditions. Polyamine exogenously via spray during grain filling condition. The water deficiency spermidine and spermine reduced the inhibition caused by water deficiency when polyamine had applied.

Purpose: The primary objective of this research is to investigate the strategies employed by female entrepreneurs in Saudi Arabia to overcome the challenges associated with running successful businesses across various sectors. Theoretical Framework: The literature reviews shows that the entrepreneurial endeavors of Saudi women appear to be dynamic and demanding, showcasing their resilience in choosing entrepreneurship as a career path. Design/Methodology/Approach: To conduct the analysis, a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was utilized. Both primary and secondary data were gathered from women entrepreneurs in different states of Saudi Arabia. In-depth interviews were conducted with 100 female entrepreneurs involved in various small-scale business activities, such as apparel, fragrances, coffee shops, and boutiques. The major findings of the study is that majority of women (almost all 100 sample) taken for study have plans for future business expansion. Findings: The Saudi women also receive a lot of Government support for their business operations. It was also found that majority of Saudi women have invested more than 200000SAR initially. However, it is important to note the limitations of this research. The findings may not be readily generalizable beyond the selected sample. Research/Practical and Social Implications: The success of the Saudi Vision 2030 plan is believed to depend on a higher percentage of women in the labor force, and this objective has been achieved ten years ahead of schedule as more women are joining the workforce in recent years. Originality/Value: The article highlights the value of women's participation in business for the improvement of society at large. The study sheds light on the often-overlooked role of Saudi women as small business owners.

Funding is very critical for the sustainability of special education. Funding aids in the realization of special educational objectives. Funding of special education is affected under depressed economy. This paper looked at the concept of funding, concept of depressed economics and the concept of alternatives sources. This paper also discussed various alternatives sources of funding options available for special education in a depressed economy. Relying on secondary data that were collected from print and online publications, the paper identified public private partnerships (PPPs), non-governmental organisations (NGOs), international development agencies, community partnership, donations from individuals and charitable organisations, endowment funds, old boy association partnership as some of the alternatives sources of funding available for funding of special education in a depressed economy. Based on this, the paper recommended that special education managers should embrace public private partnerships (PPPs) model, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) strategy, international development agencies strategy, community partnership strategy, donations from individuals and charitable organisations strategy, endowment funds strategy and old boy association partnership strategy to raise more fund to administer the special education institutions in the economy depressed era.

Mathematical culture is an abstract concept in relation to fundamental characteristics in the quality and thinking of math learners. Not only does teaching math help learners obtain rules, methods, and strategies for solving the math problems in the process of math study but it also shows the learners with the reality value of learning math in tight relation to nature and society. In the context of innovations in the General Education Program in Mathematics 2018 and the educational objectives in the new era of Vietnam, teaching mathematical culture to students calls for special interest and determined action. On the basis of fundamental characteristics in the concept of Mathematics and objectives in the General Education Program in Mathematics 2018, we proposed some solutions of teaching Mathematical culture effectively by demonstrating examples in the topic: “Natural logarithm” – 6th grade Math. Teaching Mathematical culture at schools still draws little attention and emphasis. Proposing some measures of supporting teachers to overcome this difficulty shall make a positive impact on students' and teachers' awareness of the meaning and role of Mathematical culture in the process of learners’ comprehensive development.

This paper presents the steady-state thermal and static structural modelling of a laboratory-scale pyrolysis reactor for the thermal degradation of biomass wastes. A laboratory-scale pyrolysis reactor of volume 9.203 x 10-3m3 was developed to pyrolyse Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) and Palm Fruit Bunch (PFB) at varying temperatures of 350oC, 400oC, 450oC, 500oC, and 550oC. The reactor chamber was simulated for static-steady thermal and static structural analysis to determine the temperature distribution and thermal stresses induced in it. The model was developed using SolidWorks software, and a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation was carried out using ANSYS Workbench 19. A total number of 2,459 elements was generated composed of 8630 nodes using Hexahedra dominant meshing method. It was observed from the simulation result that the temperature distribution inside and outside the reactor chamber were 454.29oC and 550oC respectively. The maximum heat flux of 8.3466e+005 W/m² occurred at the inner chamber of the reactor due to the high concentration of the biomass waste and devolatization reaction, and the maximum equivalent (von-Mises) stresses the material can withstand at higher temperature is 1.6674e+009 Pa without rupture. It was found out from the simulation result that at a maximum temperature of 550oC, the equivalent (von Mises) stresses induced at the outer and inner chamber is 1.8585e+008 Pa, which is far lower than the maximum stress the material can withstand without rupture. Thus, the reactor is safe to operate at a temperature higher than 550oC without failure.

Objectives: To assess the level of awareness among obstetrical care providers about preeclampsia prevention including risk factors, good practice in aspirin prophylaxis, and to analyze the associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted among gynecologists and obstetricians, maternal and fetal medicine specialists, and internal or family medicine physicians working in public or private care centers whom involved in obstetric care in Saudi Arabia. An online-administered questionnaire was designed to assess familiarity of aspirin role in prevention of preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction including proper dose, timing of intake, gestational age to start and discontinuation of treatment as well as the risk factors of PE among set of 13 conditions. An awareness score was calculated and divided into two levels: adequate and inadequate familiarity and knowledge. Practice in PE prevention and attitude towards aspirin use, in addition to participants’ demographic and professional factors, were investigated and analyzed as profound factors. Results: Hundred sixty physicians were participated, 85% were obstetrician/gynecologists and 13.1 were maternal fetal medicine Specialists. Less than half of participants have adequate knowledge and awareness in aspirin role and a minority provided correct answers regarding the recommended aspiring dose, timing of intake, gestational age to start and discontinuation of treatment. However, knowledge about preeclampsia risk factors was relatively acceptable. Maternal fetal medicine specialist and physicians working in teaching hospitals were remarkably with better knowledge compared to their respective counterparts in primary and secondary centers. The existence of institutional guidelines about ASA use in pregnancy did not improve the knowledge level. Conclusion: The overall familiarity and knowledge in that regard was relatively poor, associating misconceptions about the risk factors and substantial gaps regarding the optimal timing and prescribing practice. Formal and continuous medical education curricula should be reviewed to promote good clinical practice in preeclampsia prevention as an essential dimension of maternal and fetal care.

The case of a patient with a septal abscess is reported, with the aim of providing a comprehensive analysis of the diagnostic approach and the various stages of treatment, as well as prompting in-depth reflection on the implications that this particular case could have for medical practice in general. It also highlights the vital importance of early recognition of this condition, and of responding rapidly and appropriately to the patient's needs. It also highlights the value of clinical experience in improving the management of similar cases in the future.

Drying is an important unit operation in the processing of fresh cassava tubers into cassava chips. An air flow meter is a device that measure airflow. Airflow meter and direction sensing are importance in many fields, including the monitoring on vehicle engine performance. The airflow meter for cassava chips measures how much air is flowing through the cassava chips. There are many reasons and ways to measure airflow, this technical method of explores the use of air flow meter to measure cassava chips in order to ensure the proper airflow to dry the cassava chip, which will improve the value chain of cassava processing. This research work focused on the design and performance evaluation of an airflow meter for drying cassava chips. The air flow meter was made from locally available materials and it consists of a blower, pressure, sensor, temperature sensor, heating chamber which was used to carry out several tests on cassava chips. From the test conducted during drying operation, at a temperature of 900c for a 372g of cassava chips, it takes a period of 180 minutes (3hours) with an airflow of 133m3/sec to dry it to a safe moisture content. At temperature 1100c for 617g of cassava chips, it takes a period of 240 minutes (4hours) with an airflow of 209m3/sec to dry it to safe moisture content. The efficiencies of the drying mechanism and measuring airflow device are 70% and 65% respectively. The sample dried with airflow meter still retain their white colours, thus indicating no mould growth.

Objectives: The objective of present study was to develop chitosan-based sustained release Levofloxacin microspheres to reduce the dosing frequency. Materials and Methods: The Levofloxacin -loaded microspheres were prepared by emulsification cross-linking method using glutaraldehyde as cross-linking agent. Accurately weighed quantity of Chitosan was dissolved in 1% (v/v) aqueous acetic acid. Results: The percentage yield of the emulsification cross-linking method was determined to be between 74 and 81.5 percent, and the spherical microspheres had particle sizes ranging from 2 m to 200 m. According to the in vitro dissolution analysis of the improved formulation (F2) (table 7.8), when the medication was enclosed in Chitosan microspheres, 95 percent of the formulation was released after 12 hours, demonstrating that the drug is released from the formulation in a controlled way. Conclusions: The percentage of entrapment effectiveness, particle size, and percentage of drug release were significantly impacted by the drug: polymer ratio and GA volume. According to research using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), microspheres were round and had a smooth surface. Nicorandil-loaded chitosan microsphere formulations released their drugs via fickian diffusion.

One of the directions for making cleaner and more economic vehicles is to adopt electric vehicle concept. Therefore, an internal combustion powered engine Nissan Micra Vehicle was converted into battery powered electric vehicle. The power train of the car was redesigned to use DC electric motor in replacement of the existing internal combustion engine and to give the gear ratios possibility of a normal car. The power rating of the motor was determined by considering the rolling, gradient and aerodynamic resistances which gave a total tractive effort of 12190.84 N. The designed power rating was then determined to be 8 kW and this value was used to select the number of batteries that gave the required current to reach an adequate range of operation. To balance the weight of the car, the battery rack was located behind the center of gravity to give the developed vehicle a neutral steer characteristic. After installation of electric motor, inverter and the batteries, then the batteries were connected in series and parallel to the inverter with cable wire via variable frequency drive to ac motor and potentiometer. The vehicle was then evaluated and the voltage produced was able to move the vehicle at 6.24 m/s and the maximum frequency obtained was fifty megahertz (50 MHz).

This work characterizes the geotechnical properties and microstructure that served as a fundamental and more practical basis for describing the hydraulic conductivity of the lime-treated cubitermes sp termite mound soil. The results show that changes in particle size lead to a decrease in dry density and linear swelling. Permeability is strongly correlated with particle size distribution and compaction. Permeability increases up to the lime fixation point obtained at 6% of the lime content. Compaction for micropore reduction in treated soil is higher than in raw soil. The treated soil has a denser internal structure with agglomerations of dispersed clay particles. The increase in compaction energy reduces macropores and permeability, and the soil microstructure becomes homogeneous. Natural soil is highly impermeable, and soil-lime mixes are among the least draining materials. Higher values of hydraulic conductivity were obtained as a function of time. Soil and mixtures can be used in civil engineering works (earthworks). Correlations between hydraulic conductivity and particle size fractions are polylinear fits with R2 (0.962-0.993) and the Slogistic1 model with χ²(2.06E-15) for the mean silt fraction. This study is decisive for predicting hydraulic conductivity from the geotechnical properties of the soil, by solving the mathematical expressions of the models used.

Pituitary apoplexy (PA) is a rare clinical situation caused by pituitary infarction with or without haemorrhage. Although it is usually spontaneous, dopaminergic agonists (DA) are known to be predisposing factors, particularly Bromocriptine, more rarely Cabergoline. We report the case of a 31-years-old patient with a microprolactinoma who developed acute visual acuity loss due to pituitary apoplexy 5 months after taking Cabergoline. The evolution was marked by a considerable improvement of the visual state. Pituitary apoplexy is a rare situation. Often reported with Bromocriptine, PA can also occur with Cabergoline. Due to the high mortality and morbidity of apoplexy, it should be borne in mind that close monitoring is necessary when treatment with DA is prescribed and the patient should be informed of this risk. Although DA precipitate risk, treatment can be continued for hormonal and anti-tumour remission.

Background: Over the last 10-15 years, dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) have become the leading causes of hospitalization and death among both children and adult. Carica papaya leaves juice is said to increase platelet count, reduce complication and duration of Hospital stay. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of Carica papaya leaf juice on duration of Hospital stay in child patients with DF and DHF. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted among 77 children with DF and DHF. Patients were purposively selected from the inpatient department of Dhaka Shishu hospital from July 2018 to December 2019. Patients were randomly allocated in group A and group B. Group A patients received standard treatment along with a bottle containing C. papaya leaves juice 10 ml single morning dose 15 minutes after breakfast for three consecutive days and group B patients received only standard management as per the National Guideline for Clinical Management of Dengue Syndrome, 2018. Three patients in group A and two patients in group B dropped out from the study. Results: There was no significant difference between the groups regarding age, sex, mean duration, type and severity of fever between the groups (p>.05). In group A, the mean platelet count increased from 105000.00/ mL to 152428.57/mL after 48 hours and it reached to 212228.57/mL at 72hrs. In group B, the mean platelet count initially decreased from 129485.71/ mL to 91114.28/mL after 48 hours and then it increased to 96142.85/mL at 72 hours. There was highly significant statistical difference between group A and group B at 48 hours and at 72 hours regarding mean platelet count as p <0.001. Haematocrit values become significantly normal in group A than group B by 72 hours and p value ˂0.05. There was highly significant statistical difference between group A and group B regarding mean hospital stay as p <0.001. Conclusion: Administration of Carica papaya leaf juice shorten hospitalization in patients with Dengue fever and Dengue haemorrhagic fever.