The paper analysis the flows of Foreign Direct Investment and common factors that drive the Foreign Direct Investment flows between India and Gulf Cooperation Council countries, in this paper for empirical analysis of flow of FDI, gravity model of international trade executed, data is collected from the secondary sources from the year 2001 to 2022. The main objective of the paper is to know that how FDI is effect by the GDP of two regions like India and GCC countries and other determinants of FDI in this paper, finding of the paper describes factors like GDP of India and GCC countries and employment, real effective exchange rate of India as a regressor in the model are very deterministic for explaining the flow of FDI between India & GCC countries, and in future it will benefits the countries for their development and growth.

Next, the main objective is to identify the incidence of the generation and accumulation of social capital in community development. In the two main economic centers of Colombia (Bogotá and Medellin), descriptive research is carried out with quantitative analysis based on The collection of official data in four official measurements carried out in the country, this study starts by recognizing an accumulated low at the national level in the official measurements of social capital in recent decades, an incident factor in low social cohesion, and therefore poor level of generation of social fabric created from associativity, this being an agent incident in the development of a territory in terms of development.

Graves’ disease is by far the most common cause of hyperthyroidism in children [1]. In this specific population, the hyperthyroidism is willingly biochemically overt and clinically severe [2]. Childhood hyperthyroidism may also cause accelerated growth and bone maturation, and eventually deterioration in academic performance, hence the need for a good screening and a better management. children with GD require prompt treatment, for the most of cases it’s initially medical. But once this fails or is not possible, a definitive treatment should be considered [3]. For the antithyroid drugs use, we currently consider no difference in biochemical control between DT and BR [2,4], unlike previous approaches which argue in favor of the use of bloc-replace method in children [5-6]. However, for a curative treatment, total thyroidectomy is the preferred option for GD patients younger than 10 years [3]. We report the case of a girl who was 2 and a half years old in the moment of diagnose, and whom we followed for Graves' disease for 1 and a half years. Ethical considerations: In accordance with the regulations in force, informed consent, written and verbal, was provided to the parents of the child before the publication of this work.

Universal Grammar, represented by Chomsky, believes that the human brain is born with a Language Acquisition Device. Under the stimulation of the language environment, the language function of the human brain dedicated to language learning will be activated and begin to acquire a language. Universal grammar is the core idea of Chomsky's generative linguistics theory, which is composed of a limited number of syntactic principles representing the common features of human language. It is precisely because the human brain naturally generates this universal grammar that human beings can acquire their own mother tongue when language input is poor or even lacks "negative corpus" (that is, the indication of language errors or faults). Chomsky once proposed a simple language acquisition model, namely "language input —Language Acquisition Device —language acquisition", which means that language input generates grammar through Language Acquisition Device, thus acquiring language. It is worth noting that Chomsky's theory is not specifically designed for the study of Second Language Acquisition, and he himself has not given any guidance in this field, but it provides theoretical support for the theory of Second Language Acquisition (Yang Chunyuan, 2020). Hence, learning the whole semester’s course of Second Language Acquisition, having seen universal grammar as a important content in my textbook, this paper tries to integrate these related theories and make a conclusion and comment or paraphrasing（not all the bibliographies are quoted directly in this paper, paraphrased or arranged instead）based on various bibliographies.

Linguistic motivation remains an important theoretical issue in language research. Lexical motivation, as the most basic level of linguistic motivation, has always been a hot-discussed topic in the study of motivation, but there is little study on the comparison of lexical motivation between English and Chinese, especially on noun derivatives. Therefore, this article, using corpus research and qualitative analysis, aims at finding, describing, and explaining the similarities and differences between English and Chinese noun derivatives in morphological motivation. The corpus, selected by the principle of authority, equivalence, timeliness and feasibility, is built on American National Geographic and Chinese National Geography on which a few researchers delve from the perspective of motivation, so it is worthy of more exploration. Theoretically, this study will explain the inherent laws of language and promote the further development of linguistic motivation theory. Practically, this study may improve the efficiency of vocabulary teaching and learning.

Islamic finance has emerged as a significant and dynamic sector within the global financial industry. This unique segment of the global economy has witnessed significant growth in recent years, with institutions in both regions playing a pivotal role in its development. With its unique principles and values grounded in Shariah law, Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) have expanded their presence in various regions, including the Middle East and South-East Asia. This paper investigates the similarities and differences in the business strategies adopted by IFIs in these two distinct geographical regions. This paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of the business strategies of Islamic financial institutions in these two regions, highlighting key similarities and differences. The study utilizes a combination of primary and secondary data, including financial reports, academic literature, and expert opinions. By analyzing the regulatory frameworks, market dynamics, and cultural factors influencing IFIs, this paper sheds light on the strategies that have enabled their growth and sustainability. Utilizing empirical data and case studies, this study contributes to the understanding of Islamic finance as a global phenomenon while highlighting the significance of regional nuances in shaping IFIs' strategies. Understanding the strategies employed by these institutions is crucial for policymakers, investors, and industry stakeholders. The findings indicate that while both regions share common principles of Islamic finance, they exhibit distinct approaches in terms of product offerings, regulatory frameworks, and market expansion strategies.

Background: The management of chronic diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) poses a great challenge to the treating physician and surgeon. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors, clinical presentation, and outcomes associated with chronic DFU. Objective: To determine the various risk factors for diabetic foot ulcers and study their associations. To study the grades of diabetic foot ulcers at presentation. Method: Purposive sampling. This study was done in the Surgery department of Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College Hospital (SZMCH), Bogura for period of twelve (12) months. 100 cases were selected after informed consent. Study group (A) comprises of 50 cases of type 2 diabetes with diabetic foot ulcer and control group (B) comprises of 50 cases of age and gender matched type 2 diabetics without foot ulcers. Patients having serious systemic illness, type I diabetics and non-diabetic patients presenting with foot ulcer were excluded. Age, gender, duration of diabetes, duration of ulcer, glycemic control, presence of neuropathy and vascular disease were documented. Grading and Staging of ulcer was done according to New University of Texas Diabetic Wound Classification. Various risk factors were compared between the two groups. Data analyzed via SPSS version 17 with significant p-value < 0.05. Results: Among 100 cases (64 % males & 36 % females); mean age was 58.50 ± 9.8 (group A) versus 50.40 ± 10.5 (group B). Mean duration of diabetes was longer in group A (10.49 ± 7.06 years) vs. group B (8.34 ± 4.83 years) (p = 0.019). Glycemic control was poor in group A (72 %) vs. group B (56 %) (p = 0.045). There was significantly more peripheral vascular disease in group A (50 %) vs. group B (32 %) (p= 0.005). Sensory neuropathy was more in group A (90 %) vs. group B (38 %) (p < 0.0001). Grade-I ulcer was present in 16 % cases, Grade-II in 38 % and Grade-III in 46 %. Conclusion: Neuropathy carries highest risk for diabetic foot ulcer, followed by peripheral vascular disease and poor glycemic control. Therefore, diabetic patient must be educated about these risk factors, foot care and self-examination and to have regular screening by clinician. Appropriate glycemic control and timely medical and surgical intervention may reduce morbidity in diabetics.

Background: The cerebral ventricles are fluid-filled cavities within the brain crucial for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation. Assessing their size is important for diagnosing neurological conditions. This study aims to establish reference ranges for the morphometry (size and shape) of the third and fourth ventricles in healthy Bangladeshi adults using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 healthy adults (100 males and 100 females) aged 18-60 years. High-resolution T1-weighted MRI scans were obtained, and morphometric measurements of the third and fourth ventricles were performed. The parameters measured included the width, length, and height of the ventricles. Statistical analysis was carried out to assess the variations in ventricular dimensions across different age groups and between sexes. Results: The study found that the mean dimensions of the third and fourth ventricles in the Bangladeshi population are consistent with existing data from other populations, with some variations. Significant differences were observed in the dimensions of both ventricles between males and females, with males showing slightly larger measurements. Age-related changes in ventricular size were also noted, with a trend towards increased dimensions in older age groups, indicating possible age-associated atrophy. Conclusion: This study provides valuable baseline data for the third and fourth ventricular dimensions in the adult Bangladeshi population. These normative values can aid in the diagnostic assessment of various neurological conditions and contribute to a better understanding of intracranial anatomical variations in this demographic. Further research with a larger sample size and inclusion of pathological cases is recommended to enhance the clinical applicability of these findings. This study has provided valuable reference data for interpreting ventricle size in Bangladeshi adults undergoing MRI scans. Deviations from these norms might warrant further investigation for potential neurological issues. The findings can contribute to improved diagnosis and management of neurological conditions in Bangladesh.

This study explored the application of online educational tools in Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, with a focus on student perceptions. It identified the tools deployed, determined their areas of application, assessed their impact on learning outcomes, and analyzed the associated challenges. Relying on a survey conducted among selected 260 undergraduate students of the university, its findings revealed that Google Classroom and Google Meet were the most frequently used online tools, mainly for lectures, assignments, and information dissemination. Other tools like e-Zone, Microsoft Teams, Zoom, Moodle, and Blackboard were sparingly used. The findings showed that while online tools enhanced flexibility and accessibility thus enhancing academic performance, challenges such as technical issues and absence of motivation hinder their effective use. The study concluded that improving digital infrastructure and providing adequate training for both students and educators are essential for maximizing the benefits of online educational tools in higher education.

HLA-B27 test is generally positive in spondyloarthritis (SpA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Several anomalous laboratory test results are frequently found in HLA-B27-positive patients. In this study, we intended to evaluate two groups of HLA-B27 positive patients- one group belonging to the 13-40 years age group and another group belonging to the 41-71 years age group. The rationale of this partition was based on the age when AS first emerged and the age when the disease was set up for quite a few years respectively. We anticipate alterations of several familiar laboratory test outcomes between these two groups. After our analysis, we found that in the upper age group, neutrophil percentage and CRP levels were significantly increased, while lymphocyte percentage was significantly decreased. ESR levels also decreased but were not statistically significant. There was practically no change in average PCR ct values, haemoglobin levels, total count of leucocytes, uric acid, creatinine, SGPT, or HbA1C levels between the two groups. The plausible explanations behind these changes are discussed.

Background: Blunt abdominal injury is common in trauma patients. Evaluation of patients who have sustained blunt abdominal trauma may pose a formidable problem and significant intra abdominal injury is one of the most difficult problems faced by emergency doctors and surgeons in the management of trauma. Traumatic bowel injury is one of the curable traumatic conditions. An accurate and timely diagnosis and treatment giving an excellent outcome in most cases. A delay in diagnosis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Objectives: To determine the pattern of bowel injury from blunt abdominal trauma, and outcome of their management of the patient after surgery in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: It was an observational study carried out in the department of surgery, Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College Hospital, Bogura from April '2020 to September '2020. Thereafter, they were scrutinized according to eligibility criteria and 50 patients were finalized. Patients with a history of bowel injury are managed with blunt abdominal trauma after proper counseling, results were tabulated and analyzed. Results: A total of 50 patients were enrolled comprising 42(84%) males and 8(16%) females and male-female ration 21:4. Out of 50 patients, most of 18(35%) patients had 31-40 years age group. The mean age was 33.9±7.2 years. Maximum patients reported within 1-6 hours 28(56%) and next group within about 1 hours 11(22%). The average time lapsed was 5.79 hours. 18(36%) patients had concomitant injuries, like 1(2%) patient had a head injury, 8(16%) had pelvic fracture, 4(8%) patients had long bone fracture, 3(6%) patients had soft tissue injury and 2(4%) patients had blunt chest injury. Features of peritonitis were present at initial evaluation 42(84%) patients abdominal pain and features of paralytic ileus 21(42%). 28(56%) cases sustained injury from motor vehicle accident as passenger. Sites of bowel injury were: duodenum 3(6%), jejunum 24(48%), ileum 8(16%), large gut 8(16%), both small and large gut 2(4%). Conclusion: Traumatic bowel injury is one of the commonest traumatic conditions that are encountered in hospitals, namely in the department of surgery. The management of traumatic bowel injury has a fairly good prognosis in developed countries. The outcome is not as good as expected in the third world countries, like our country, due to certain prevailing adverse conditions. The injury in the small bowel is associated with more morbidity than that in the large bowel injury.

Students of the 21st century face more stresses and pressures than previous generations. Gen Z students are born to a highly globalized, technologically-driven, and social media dependent world. This has led to increased rates of mental health issues and negative impacts to self-esteem. This study uses a literature review to identify patterns and trends that emerge from social comparison processes. By understanding how social comparisons impact students’ self-evaluation and overall well-being, policymakers, educators, and schools can be in a better position to introduce new strategies and procedures that seek to support the psychological well-being of their students.

This article provides an overview of Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT), also known as noninvasive prenatal screening. It is a technique for estimating the likelihood that the fetus will have specific genetic defects at birth for pregnant women. The content is specifically tailored for pregnant women and ncompasses a detailed exploration of topics such as Genomics-based noninvasive prenatal tests, sample details for noninvasive prenatal testing, factors influencing test results, the interpretation of test results, limitations associated with the test, and the content included in the Declaration of Consent Form for Noninvasive Prenatal Testing.

This paper develops a mobile hydraulic lifting machine for lifting heavy automobile engines in the central workshop of Olusegun Agagu University of Science and Technology, Okitipupa. It was fabricated using locally sourced materials for economic viability and affordability. Full welding was applied to all parts to avoid failure during lifting operation and avert accidents or injuries. The maximum designed load of the machine is 500 kg, and the minimum force produced by the hydraulic cylinder is 22.22 KN. The pressure generated by the Ram force with a piston area of 8.495 x 10-3 m2 was 2.616 MPa and the effort required to overcome the force produced by the cylinder was 2103 N. The maximum circumferential stress and the allowable bending stress of the cylinder were 54.413 x 106 N/m2 and 108.8 MPa which are far below the AISC recommended, this shows the beam is safe to lift without failure. The maximum shear force and the bending moment of the cantilever were found to be 17222 N and 6200 Nm respectively, and the maximum shear stress developed at the pivots were 17.54 MPa and 22.63 MPa respectively, which are far below the allowable stress. This shows that the developed machine is safe to use without failure.

Proximate and phytochemicals are chemical components that are derived from plants through metabolic activities, Polyalthia longifolia is a very important plant. The phytochemical analysis results obtained for the bark for alkaloid, saponins, flavonoid, total phenol, hydrogen cyanide and terpenoid are as follows; 8.13, 9.31, 9.41. 42.7, 0.01 and 4.47 and for the leaves. 4.84, 3.21, 7.14, 2.96, 1.73 and 4.11 respectively. the proximate results carried out on its bark using standard procedures shows it contains (%) carbohydrate 51.7, moisture content 12.8, ash content 10.52, crude fibre 15.31 and crude protein 7.22 and the proximate results for leaves 4.48, 3.21, 7.14, 2.96 and 4.11 respectively for carbohydrate, moisture content, ash content, crude fibre and crude protein. This result shows that the plant is a good source of saponin, alkaloid, phenols, and terpenoids which contribute to the nutritive and medicinal potency of the plant. The concentration of hydrogen cyanide in the plant leaves and bark is not significant and therefore will have no lethal effect and can easily be detoxified but comparatively the leaves contain more cyanide than the bark which could be related to the moisture content, the total penol in the bark is also significantly higher than the leaves which show its effectiveness as an anti microbial agent. The high percentage of carbohydrate shows that the plant can be a good source of energy for both humans and animals. This plant has several benefits like anti-cancer, anti-oxidants and anti-haemohorrds and can be used to reduce fibroid, it is applicable industrially as food preservatives, cosmetics and sweetners,