Since Ayurveda has been practiced for thousands of years, one of the best dosage forms is Sandhana kalpana, or biologically fermented formulations. Specific prearranged conditions are met in order to prepare these medications, resulting in fermentation. Products thus leave behind self-produced ethyl alcohol, which enhances the medicinal and pharmacological properties of these preparations (Asava–Arishta). The active ingredients of herbal medications are also extracted, and alcohol and acetic acid are prepared in accordance with the necessary indications. Consequently, these formulations exhibit favourable therapeutic efficacy, rapid absorption and action, and a longer shelf life in comparison to other Ayurvedic herbal remedies. In order to support scholars who are exposed to these dosage forms, this review attempts to gather some basic information about Sandhan Kalpana.

The deteriorating condition of infrastructure, particularly bridges, poses significant challenges to public safety and necessitates the development of advanced monitoring systems for early detection of structural defects. This paper proposes a novel approach by integrating Internet of Things (IoT) technology with machine learning (ML) algorithms for real-time structural health monitoring, focusing on the detection of cracks in bridges. The proposed system employs a network of IoT sensors strategically deployed on the bridge structure to collect diverse data related to environmental conditions, strain, and vibrations. These sensors provide a continuous stream of data, creating a comprehensive dataset for analysis. Machine learning algorithms, specifically designed for anomaly detection, are applied to this dataset to identify patterns indicative of potential structural issues. This system is designed and implemented using ML and IoT. The excitation results shows that the designed system accuracy and efficiency of crack detection is improved and further enhance overall structural resilience. Furthermore, the integration of a real-time alerting mechanism allows for immediate notification of detected anomalies.

The scrapped mating ring of face seals has been studied and recycled into single point turning tools (SPTTs) and performed comparably with standard turning tools. Three sets of tools, namely, standard tungsten tool, strengthened and unstrengthened scrapped ring, have been studied and performed satisfactorily as SPTTs. Standard tungsten tool, strengthened and unstrengthened scrapped mating ring of face seal respectively. The tools were configured with a nose radius 2mm, positive rake angles of 3o, 5o and 8o and used to perform turning operations on mild carbon steel (CS1030) with surface roughness measured. The results showed that the strengthened tools generated the best surface finish for mild carbon steel among all three tools under consideration. The statistical analysis showed that surface finish, the model, cutting speed and feed rate are significant with their P-values < 0.0001 but the depth of cut, rake angle and tool have no significant impact on surface finish at 95% confidence level. This research will provide the machine tools shop with more durable SPTT and enhance reliability, quality, minimize downtimes and accidents in machining processes.

Background: Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific, multi-system disorder characterized by elevated blood pressure and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation. Its exact etiology remains unknown, and globally, it stands as a prominent cause of maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess the comparative demographic and clinical profile of preeclamptic and normal pregnant women in the third trimester. Methods: This case-control study took place in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Hospital and Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, spanning from July 2011 to June 2012. The study enrolled 100 pregnant women, with 50 cases diagnosed with preeclampsia and 50 controls representing normal pregnant women. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 23.0. Results: The mean ages of cases (25.8 ± 4.4 years) and controls (27.1 ± 3.1 years) were similar (P=0.177). A predominant proportion of cases (74%) and controls (66%) belonged to a lower social class (P=0.383). BMI assessment showed no significant difference (P= 0.645). Most participants in both groups were preterm (P=0.235) and primigravida (P= 0.422). The case group exhibited significantly higher mean serum ferritin than the control group (P<0.001). Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels showed no significant differences (P=0.761 and P=0.231, respectively). Elevated serum ferritin (>20 ng/ml) was prevalent in 76% of cases and 44% of controls (P=0.001). The odds of elevated serum ferritin in preeclampsia were approximately 4 times higher than in normal pregnancies (95% CI=1.7–9.5). Variations in serum ferritin levels across gestational ages are illustrated. Conclusion: The study found no significant correlation between preeclamptic and normal pregnant women's demographic and clinical status in the third trimester, except for serum ferritin levels. Further research is needed to obtain a clearer understanding of these relationships.

This study aims to explore the role of Indonesian language education as an agent of social change by adopting sociological and religious approaches. The research is conducted in Lombok Barat and Lombok Utara, Indonesia. The study employs a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data collection techniques involve in-depth interviews with educators, curriculum document analysis, and observation of the learning process. The collected data is analyzed using qualitative analysis techniques, including thematic and interpretative analysis. The results indicate that Indonesian language education holds significant potential as an agent of social change through the integration of sociological and religious approaches in the learning process. The sociological approach allows for a deeper understanding of the relationship between language, identity, and social structure, while the religious approach provides a strong moral and ethical foundation in shaping individual and societal character. The implications of this research underscore the need for further integration of sociological and religious approaches in the development of the Indonesian language curriculum to strengthen the role of education in facilitating positive and sustainable social change.

This study sought to examine the relationship between mentorship and professional development of young academics staff in selected universities in Northwest, Nigeria. Using a quantitative approach, the study employed descriptive correlational design. The sample size of 185 respondents was used, which was selected using purposive sampling technique. The objectives were: to determine the level of mentorship; to determine the level of professional development of young academics; to examine the relationship between mentorship and professional development of young academics staff; and to examine the influence of mentorship on professional development of young academics in the selected universities. Data was collected using a questionnaire which validity and reliability were confirmed through computation of content validity index (CVI) and Cronbach Alpha test which were found to be 0.79 and 0.85 respectively. The quantitative data was analysed using mean, Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. The results revealed that the level of mentorship in the selected universities is good; the level of professional development is also good; the association between mentorship and professional development is positively significant; and mentorship is a significant predictor of professional development of young academic staff. The study concludes that professional development of young academics can be enhanced through mentor-mentee relationship. The study recommends among others, university managements should invest into mentoring programmes as a strategic priority for the development of quality human resource and capacity building needed for the achievement of their vision and mission.

Introduction: Studies have demonstrated that resistance training and blood flow restriction (BFR) has notable advantages, including enhancing muscle growth, boosting muscle activation, and improving function. In the field of neuromuscular research, muscle electromyography (EMG) is a widely utilized method for understanding and analyzing neuromuscular recruitment patterns and identifying any adaptive changes that may occur. Purpose: The objective of this study was to examine the impact of blood flow restriction (BFR) on the amplitude pattern of six lower extremity (LE) muscles during resisted sled pushing activity at two different walking speeds: 80 bpm and 140 bpm. Methods: A convenience sample of 32 healthy individuals, an average of 23.8 years old (±1.42 SD). Surface electromyography was used on subjects’ tibialis anterior (TA), gastrocnemius (GA), vastus medialis (VM), biceps femoris (BF), gluteus maximus (GMa), and gluteus medius (GMe) on their dominant LE. The subjects then pushed a resistive sled with 40 feet for three trials at 80 and 140 bpm. After adding BFR at 80% limb occlusion pressure, all the trials were repeated. Statistical Analysis: A 2 × 6 (BFR group and muscle) repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used for significant interactions and main effects during each speed and BFR condition. The minimum (MIN), average (AVG), and maximum (MAX) electromyography (EMG) values are presented for each muscle. Results: ANOVA revealed a significant interaction between the BFR group and muscles with AVG F (1.92, 59. 39)=4.23,p=.021, and MAX F(2.53,78.56)=3.751, p=.019 at 80 bpm. The main effects between muscle groups were found with MIN at 80 bpm and AVG and MAX at 140 bpm. The main effects for the BFR group were AVG and MAX at 80 bpm and AVG and MAX at 140 bpm. When comparing AVG BFR 80 to 140 bpm, the main effects were found for both speeds and increased activation of all six muscles, most notably the GA and VM. Conclusion: At 80 bpm, BFR affected the GA, VM, and GMa. At 140 bpm, all six muscles showed increased AVG and MAX activation. When comparing 80 to 140 bpm, all six muscles showed increased activation at the BFR faster pace, most notably the GA and VM.

According to the current general education program in Vietnam, in addition to the clear goal of program development, STEM education is specifically oriented to be applied at all levels of high school education to develop qualities and abilities. students have promoted interdisciplinary education in the fields of science, technology, engineering and mathematics. In addition, according to Official Dispatch No. 3089/BGDDT-GDTrH, dated August 14, 2020 of the Ministry of Education and Training on implementing STEM education in secondary education [5]. STEM education content is an educational method to equip students with scientific knowledge associated with their application in practice, thereby contributing to the formation of students' qualities and abilities. In particular, for the subject of Informatics and Technology, which converges all four elements of STEM education, the subject of Informatics and Technology plays a central role in connecting other subjects. In particular, designing STEM topics that integrate AI & IoT technology will help you understand real-world applications and understand the operating principles of control circuits, understanding automation to help monitor equipment well. more, career orientation and training creative thinking skills and capacity development for students. In particular, to achieve this content, the authors would like to sincerely thank Hung Vuong University, Phu Tho for creating conditions for the author to conduct research on this article under the topic code HV24.2023.

An investigation into the effects of combustible materials on the refractory properties of Ugwuoba clay, using sugarcane bagasse ash and corncob ash has been undertaken. Ugwuoba clay was sourced from Ugwuoba town in Oji River Local Government Area of Enugu State. Sugarcane bagasse were collected at Lokpanta, a Fulani settlement in Okigwe Community, Imo State, while corncobs were collected at New Artisan Market in Enugu Metropolis. The clay was processed using standard beneficiation and purification procedures at the Ceramics Department of Projects Development Agency (PRODA), Enugu. The sugarcane bagasse and corncobs were each and separately calcined into amorphous ash by heating in a furnace at 650oC. The refractory blends were compounded at the ratio of 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, and 60:40 for Ugwuoba clay (UGC) to Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (SBA) and Ugwuoba Clay (UGC) to Corncob Ash (CCA) separately and respectively. These blends were subsequently molded into the standard test pieces for the various properties determination and subjected to firing at temperatures of 900oC, 1000oC, 1100oC and 1200oC. Thereafter, the fired samples were characterized for fired shrinkages, total shrinkages, apparent porosities, water absorption coefficients, apparent densities, bulk densities and moduli of rupture. The results obtained for each of the blends showed that the values were within the tolerable limits for industrial refractories with the 10%SBA and the 20%CCA blends showing the best results. Comparatively however, the 10%SBA produced the better of these properties than the 20%CCA. A conclusion is drawn to the effect that both sugarcane bagasse ash and corncob ash can serve as good organic admixtures for refractory bricks production for the lining of melting furnaces in the metals industry, hence opening new frontiers for recycling of these agricultural wastes for environmental safety and economic development in Nigeria.

Diabetes during pregnancy, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pre-existing diabetes, presents significant challenges to maternal and fetal health. Clinical populations encompass diverse pregnant individuals, each with unique risk factors and outcomes related to diabetes in pregnancy. This systematic literature review aimed to synthesize findings from eligible studies conducted between January 1, 2020, and December 30, 2023, sourced from Web of Science, PubMed, Medline, and the Cochrane Database of literature Reviews, to comprehensively examine diabetes during pregnancy within clinical populations. We followed established systematic review methodologies, including study selection, data extraction, and analysis. Eligible studies underwent rigorous screening to ensure relevance and quality. Data were systematically extracted to identify trends and patterns in epidemiology, risk factors, clinical management, and outcomes. Among the 15 eligible studies, our analysis revealed variations in the prevalence of diabetes during pregnancy across clinical populations, ranging from 5% to 15%. Socioeconomic factors, ethnicity, and maternal age were significant risk factors. Clinical management strategies varied, with insulin therapy predominant in pre-existing diabetes cases (68%) and dietary interventions in GDM (45%). Fetal macrosomia occurred in 18% of cases, while neonatal hypoglycemia affected 14% of infants born to mothers with diabetes. This systematic literature review highlights the multifaceted nature of diabetes during pregnancy in clinical populations. Variations in prevalence and risk factors underscore the importance of tailored healthcare interventions. Diverse management approaches necessitate individualized care plans. The prevalence of adverse outcomes necessitates vigilant monitoring and timely interventions. Our findings inform evidence-based practices research priorities, and support improved care for pregnant individuals with diabetes in clinical populations.

Background: Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) has proposed as a non-invasive method for estimating the severity of fibrosis and the complications of cirrhosis. Measurement of the hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) is the gold standard for assessing the presence of portal hypertension, but its invasiveness limits its clinical application. The aim of our study is to investigate if LSM could predict the size of Esophageal varices (EV) in patients with liver cirrhosis to limit upper endoscopic procedures only to those patients that really need it (patients with large EV or EV at risk for bleeding). Methods: Our retrospective study includes 46 cirrhotic patients over a period of 40 months between January 2019 and April 2022, at the Service of Digestive Functional Explorations of Hepato-gastroenterology of the University hospital Ibn-Sina of RABAT, all patients underwent a liver stiffness measurement by Transient elastography FibroScan. Results: Of the 46 cirrhotic patients included in this study, with a mean age of 58.5(21-90) years, 18 (39.1%) of patients were male and 28(60.9%) were female. the predominant etiology of cirrhosis was chronic viral hepatitis C 20 (43.5%). The area under the ROC curve of the diagnosis of large EVs (EV≥II) was 0.724 (95%CI). The optimal cut-off of elasticity was 20.5 for this purpose, with a sensitivity of 66.7%, specificity of 94.74%. Conclusions: these results indicate that Transient elastography FibroScan is a reliable, non-invasive method to assess portal hypertension and can be used for the screening and diagnosis of clinically significant portal hypertension.

Hypertension during pregnancy poses a substantial risk to maternal and fetal health. This systematic review aims to synthesize the existing literature on the prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of hypertension during pregnancy. To comprehensively assess the global landscape of hypertension during pregnancy by identifying and analyzing eligible studies. We systematically searched electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Medline, and Web of Science, from inception until December 2023. Eligible studies were selected based on predefined criteria. Data were extracted, and the quality of included studies was assessed. Meta-analysis was performed where appropriate. Among the 56 eligible studies, the pooled prevalence of hypertension during pregnancy was 12.3% (95% CI: 10.1%–14.5%). Common risk factors included maternal age >35 years (33.5%), obesity (27.8%), and previous hypertensive conditions (18.6%). Maternal complications were observed in 45.2% of cases, with preterm birth (23.7%) and low birth weight (18.9%) being predominant adverse outcomes. Variations in prevalence and risk factors were noted across geographic regions. This systematic review underscores the global burden of hypertension during pregnancy and its association with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Key risk factors highlight the importance of targeted interventions and antenatal care strategies. Further research is needed to understand regional disparities and improve prevention and management strategies.

Assessment, in the context of the educational process, is a necessary condition, since through it improvement of the educational work is achieved, with the aim of improving the education provided and, ultimately, students’ progress. In this paper, postgraduate students’ opinions regarding their assessment during their undergraduate studies are explored. From their answers, it can be concluded that assessment is a complex and multifactorial process for them since the elements that influence its application are many and varied. Postgraduate students consider the application of assessment beneficial because it contributes to the development and cultivation of their personal skills, but they emphasize that specific conditions, techniques, and methods should be applied for its results to be objective and impartial.

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) represents a complex endocrinopathy with significant metabolic implications. The Rotterdam criteria establish the diagnosis based on the presence of two of three criteria: ultrasound-confirmed polycystic ovaries, hyperandrogenism, and persistent anovulation. Objective: Our objective was to investigate hormonal and anthropometric parameters in PCOS patients compared to controls, aiming to elucidate predictive markers and metabolic aberrations. Method: A case-control study comprising 50 PCOS subjects and 50 controls was conducted, focusing on females aged 18-40 attending an obstetrics and gynecology department, Tertiary hospital. Hormonal assays and anthropometric measurements were performed following strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Significant differences emerged between PCOS and control groups across various parameters. PCOS individuals displayed elevated levels of TSH, LH, FSH, and prolactin, coupled with increased BMI and altered waist-to-hip ratio, indicating early metabolic disruptions. Notably, the LH:FSH ratio was lower in PCOS subjects, suggesting hormonal imbalances. Conclusion: High levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone, LH, FSH, and prolactin, coupled with elevated body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio, served as indicators of PCOS and early metabolic irregularities.

Following one of our research lines, we present here the first English translation of ‘Nietzsche, the philosopher and politician’, one of the masterpieces written by Professor Dr. Alfred Baeumler. We repeat what Baeumler said in this text: I have tried to lay bare the ground plan of a buried temple and roll some column drums on top of each other. I hope others will undertake the reconstruction of the complete building. This task continues.