Introduction: McCune–Albright syndrome (MAS) is a rare, sporadic mosaic disorder caused by postzygotic activating mutations of the GNAS gene. It is classically characterized by a triad of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, café-au-lait skin macules, and hyperfunctioning endocrinopathies. Growth hormone (GH) excess represents a particularly challenging manifestation and is most often associated with pituitary adenomas or somatolactotroph hyperplasia. However, atypical presentations with GH excess in the absence of radiologically detectable pituitary lesions have been reported. Case presentation: We report the case of a 43-year-old male referred for progressive craniofacial deformity and excessive height. Clinical evaluation revealed features consistent with GH excess, including gigantism, frontal bossing, prognathism, and progressive respiratory and neurological complications. Imaging demonstrated extensive polyostotic fibrous dysplasia involving the craniofacial bones, thoracic cage, and spine, resulting in severe skeletal deformities and multisystem complications. Biochemical assessment confirmed GH excess with elevated insulin-like growth factor 1 levels and failure of GH suppression during an oral glucose tolerance test. Notably, pituitary magnetic resonance imaging was completely normal, with no evidence of adenoma or hyperplasia. Additional endocrine evaluation revealed hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and structural thyroid abnormalities without functional hyperthyroidism. Based on the constellation of clinical, biochemical, and imaging findings, a diagnosis of atypical McCune–Albright syndrome was established. The patient was managed medically with a long-acting somatostatin analog and multidisciplinary follow-up. Conclusion: This case highlights the marked phenotypic heterogeneity of McCune–Albright syndrome and underscores that growth hormone–mediated gigantism may occur despite a normal pituitary MRI. Recognition of such atypical presentations is crucial to avoid diagnostic delay and to guide appropriate management. A multidisciplinary approach remains essential for optimizing outcomes in patients with complex skeletal and endocrine involvement

Carbon Capture, Utilization and storage (CCUS) continue to emerge as the most viable technology to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases around the world, the bulk of which is in the hard to abate industries. This paper has presented a systematic review of the existing technological implementation, the key challenges that have been identified, the gaps in knowledge, and also the emerging innovations that have been continuing to shape the field. The review incorporates information in the world deployment databases, state reports, and peer reviewed libraries. CCUS technologies have reached maturity in the realms of capture and storage but the large scale deployment of capturing technology has been limited because of the high cost, the presence of adequate infrastructure and due to policy uncertainty. The review paper presents some recommendations on how to enhance efficiency, lower costs and achieve sustainable industrial integration with net zero emissions.

Background: Labour in nulliparous women is a crucial obstetric process, and foetal head engagement is a key determinant of labour progress and clinical decision-making. The purpose of the study is to determine the incidence of foetal head engagement and non-engagement at ≥38 weeks in nulliparous women and evaluate their maternal and fetal outcomes. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, from January to December 2009, and included 100 nulliparous women at ≥38 weeks of gestation with singletone foetus with cephalic presentation. Foetal head engagement was assessed using the rule of fifths, and participants were grouped as those with engaged head or non-engaged head. Labour was actively monitored with a partograph, and maternal and foetal outcomes were recorded. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Among 100 nulliparous women ≥38 weeks, 69% had non-engaged and 31% had engaged foetal heads. Vaginal delivery was higher with engagement (77.42% vs 42.63%), while cesarean section was more frequent in non-engagement (57.97% vs 22.58%). Postpartum hemorrhage was higher in the non-engaged group (6.45% vs 1.45%), labour was longer, and neonatal outcomes were comparable, with APGAR scores of 7–10 in >94% of both groups and no APGAR <4. Conclusion: Non-engagement of the foetal head at term in primigravid women is common and, by itself, does not preclude successful vaginal delivery.

Diphtheria remains a significant public health concern in India despite the availability of routine immunization. This survey-based review analyzes national surveillance data (2020–2024), WHO–UNICEF immunization reports, and responses from frontline healthcare workers to assess the current trends, antitoxin accessibility, and challenges in early diagnosis. Findings indicate a shift in disease burden from young children to adolescents and young adults, mainly due to waning immunity and low booster-dose coverage. Limited availability of Diphtheria Antitoxin (DAT), delays in procurement, and cold-chain constraints continue to affect timely case management across several states. Early diagnosis also remains difficult because initial symptoms resemble common upper respiratory infections, primary-care staff have limited training, and rapid diagnostic tools are not uniformly available. Overall, the survey highlights an urgent need for improved booster-dose coverage, decentralized DAT stock management, and stronger early-detection systems to reduce diphtheria-related morbidity and mortality in India.

This study was conducted to assess genetic variability for maturity and panicle components in rice. A set of 22 F5:6 lines along with their 13 parents genotypes were assessed in randomize complete block design (RCBD) with three replications grown at Agricultural Research Station, Baffa Mansehra during 2023 growing season. The data were recorded on seven morphological traits. Highly significant variations (P ≤ 0.05) were also detected across parental lines and F6 progenies for all traits. ‘Swatai 2014’ showed the maximum heading (80 days) among the parents, and ‘Dilrosh’ the shortest maturity period (101 days). Fakhre Malakand had maximum number of primary branches per panicle (12), while it was Swat 2 for maximum secondary branches per panicle (30.1). Among the F6 lines, ARS-185 and ARS-201 took least days to heading (89 days) while ARS-201 took least days to mature (121 days). ARS-245 had the greatest value for number of primary branches per panicle (11.7) whereas line ARS-155 had the maximum value for number of secondary branches per panicle (28.3). Days to maturity (0.92) had the highest heritability estimates followed by days to heading (0.86) and culm length (0.81). Flag leaf area (24.36%), culm length (25.86%) and secondary branches per panicle (18.46%) exhibited high genetic advance as percent of mean. The better performance of ARS-201, ARS-245, and ARS-155 on maturity and panicle attributes indicated a useful trait that implied on utilization in multi-location yield trials.

Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) is a chemical convulsant that can generate seizure in humans and rodents which mirror the effects of naturally occurring pathological seizure disorders. This study aimed to investigate the role of methanolic extract of Tetrapleura tetraptera (METT) on neurological behavior and motor coordination in PTZ-induced epilepsy in male mice. A total of 50 mice were randomly assigned to 5 groups (n=10) as: Control (0.2ml saline orally); PTZ (single dose 35kg/mg s.c); Diazepam (1ml/100g-i.p) used as reference control; Low dose (LD: 400mg/kg) and High dose (HD: 800mg/kg) of METT was administered orally for 14 days after which PTZ (single dose, 35kg/mg s.c) was induced on the 22nd day. Seizure was confirmed using the Racine scale. Neurological test include; open field test (OFT) and social behavior test (recognition memory) and fine motor coordination using beam balance. These behavioral studies were performed 24 hours after the completion of the PTZ dose. OFT results showed that METT extract and diazepam significantly reduced locomotor activity (line crossing and rearing), but HD of METT suppresses line crossing better than diazepam. Centre square duration did not differ significantly, but METT extract and diazepam significantly reverse exploratory behavior (stretch attend posture and freezing duration). METT extracts was more potent than diazepam in ameliorating the abnormal social behavior posed by PTZ. Mice treated with diazepam and METT extract showed fine motor coordination which reduced the beam crossing time. METT may have anti-epileptic effect against PTZ-induced epilepsy in mice, and could be a better remedy than diazepam against epileptic seizures.

The synthesis of metal nanoparticles (NPs) in ionic liquids (ILs) solvent has been adopted as a greener alternative to conventional organic solvent reaction media, due to their environmentally benign and tunable physicochemical properties benefits. This study aimed to synthesize and characterize nickel nanoparticles (NiNPs) using imidazolium-based ionic liquids (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate ([EMIM]MS) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate ([BMIM]MS) as both solvent and stabilizing agents, via a chemical reduction pathway. The NiNPs were characterized by UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The UV-Vis analysis showed broad surface plasmon resonance bands between 300 and 350 nm, confirming NiNP formation, with spectral shifts revealing smaller particles in [EMIM]MS compared to [BMIM]MS. FTIR spectra revealed characteristic bands for O–H, C–H, C–C, and C–N vibrations, indicating strong coordination between ionic liquid molecules and the nickel surface. SEM micrographs showed that NiNPs synthesized in [EMIM]MS were smaller (45–60 nm), spherical, and uniformly dispersed, and those obtained in [BMIM]MS were larger (60–80 nm) with slight aggregation. Synthesis was also done in ethylene glycol and the resulting NPs were irregular and aggregated. These results confirm that imidazolium-based ILs enable controlled synthesis and stabilization of nickel nanoparticles, providing a green and efficient route for nanomaterial production.

Traditional methods of wastewater treatment, in the past, have aimed at removing pollutants and compliance to regulations as a result of which have proven to be inefficiency and resource wastage. Nevertheless, growing demands of water scarcity, climate change, and requirements to adopt a circular economy have fuelled the shift into next-generation biological processes, which redefine the concept of wastewater as a resource, as opposed to a waste stream. This review assesses critically emerging paradigms in biological treatment that go beyond traditional activated sludge systems and incorporate the new developments in the fields of microbial ecology, synthetic biology and bioelectrochemical systems and nature-inspired engineering. Special focus is made on new microbial consortia, designed metabolic routes, and system-wide process advancement that allow the recovery of nutrients, generation of bioenergy, and the manufacture of value-added biochemicals in a better way. The article also assesses the role of hybrid biological systems in the treatment of wastewater under energy-neutral or energy-positive processes, including microbial electrochemical systems and algae-bacteria systems. The problem of techno-economic feasibility, operational resilience, and scalability are discussed systematically to reduce the gap between the innovation over the laboratory scale and its application in the real world. This article identifies the key gaps in knowledge, regulatory issues, and barriers to integration that may not be able to be easily adopted since they point to the recent advances in various fields. Finally, the review also provides a future-based structure of planning sustainable wastewater treatment processes in accordance with a circular bioeconomy, with future-generational biological processes being the core elements of the future water infrastructure in cities and industry.

Quantum chemical study of some thiomethyl quinolines on inhibition of aluminium corrosion in hydrochloric acid and effect of thiomethyl group at 5,6 and 8 position on quinoline was investigated theoretically with the aid of material studio using density functional theory (DFT). The simulations were performed by means of the DFT electronic program DMol3 using the Mulliken population analysis in the Material Studio. DMol3 permits analysis of the electronic structures and energies of molecules, solids and surfaces. The analysis of the quantum chemical parameters, the adsorption parameters form the simulation of the molecules, the Mulliken and Hirshfeld values of the fukui indices for the three molecules of the 5-TMQ (5-thiomethylquinoline), 6-TMQ (6-thiomethylquinoline) and 8-TMQ (8-thiomethylquinoline) indicated that all the three molecules exhibits very high potential for inhibition of aluminium corrosion in HCl environment, with 8-TMQ being the best among all. The most popular parameters which play a prominent role are the eigen values of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), the HOMO-LUMO gap (ΔE), chemical hardness and softness, electro-negativity and the number of electrons transferred from inhibitor molecule to the metal surface. All the molecules showed a very good corrosion inhibition tendency, however, 8-TMQ molecule gives better aluminium corrosion inhibition potential than other two molecules. The orientation of the thiomethyl substituent on the core quinoline was found to be responsible for intra-molecular hydrogen bonding which leads to weaker attraction to the aluminium surface for the 6-TMQ and 5-TMQ molecules hence lower corrosion inhibition tendency than 8-TMQ molecule despite having the same molecular mass.

Present research work was aimed to study preliminary wound healing activity of different extracts of aerial parts of Enicostema axillare using incision and excision wound models in experimental animals. Aerial parts of Enicostema axillare was extracted successively with petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous solvents and obtained respective extracts. Each extract was tested qualitatively for detection of phytochemicals present in extracts using various chemical tests. Pharmacological screening of all extracts were performed using incision and excision wound models in experimental animals. Wound healing effect was observed by measurement of tensile strength of wound tissue of animals from incision model. Wound contraction measurement and biochemical estimation of wound tissue was performed in excision wound model. Results of present study was confirmed that methanol extract of Enicostema axillare was showed significant (P<0.05) increase in tensile strength of wound tissue on 9th day. Higher percentage of wound contraction was observed with methanol extract between day 8-16th and complete healing was observed on 18th day. This fast healing also supported by significant (P<0.05) increase in hydroxyproline and protein content of wound tissue in excision model. Effect was compared with the marketed formulation (Povidone-Iodine ointment). In conclusion, healing effect of methanol extract of Enicostema axillare may be contributed by phenolic compounds, flavonoids and glycosides present in the extract.

The study empirically examined the relationship between electronic payment system adoption and marketing success of Electricity Distribution Company in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The population of this study comprises the customers of Electricity Distribution Company in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. There are 4,461,546 registered customers of Electricity Distribution Company in Port Harcourt (National Bureau of Statistics, NBS, 2025, www.nigerianstat.gov.ng). The researcher employed the Taro Yamen Formula to reduce the population to a reasonable sample size. The study has 4,461,546 customers of Electricity Distribution Company in Port Harcourt, which implies that the population of the study is known and cluster sampling technique, was therefore used to determine the sample size of 399 through the use of Taro Yamene’s formula. Multiple regression analysis was used with the aid of statistical package for social sciences (SPSS, version 21) analyze to the data. The study concludes that Based on the findings of the results, the study concludes that electronic payment system adoption strongly and positively relates with marketing success of electricity distribution companies in Port Harcourt as it creates a means of enhancing and increasing customer’s satisfaction which in-turn leads to customer loyalty. The study further recommends that, electricity distribution companies should ensure that e-wallet applications must always follow trends or developments in online consumer consumption patterns in Port Harcourt.

Hybrid composite structures (e.g., carbon–glass laminates, fiber–metal laminates, and multi-material sandwich panels) offer superior stiffness-to-weight performance but exhibit complex, multi-mode damage mechanisms such as matrix cracking, fiber breakage, delamination, and interface debonding. These damage modes are often difficult to detect early and expensive to simulate at full structural scale with high fidelity. This paper proposes an integrated framework that combines multi-scale progressive damage simulation with machine learning (ML)–assisted damage inference and load optimization. At the microscale and mesoscale, damage initiation and evolution are captured using established composite failure criteria and degradation laws (e.g., Hashin-type mechanisms), while structural-scale response is computed using reduced-order surrogates calibrated from multi-scale results. On the data side, guided-wave/shock-response features and simulated strain-field descriptors are mapped to damage states using supervised and uncertainty-aware ML models. Finally, a load optimization module minimizes peak interlaminar stresses and damage growth rate under service constraints. A case study on a hybrid laminate panel demonstrates that the proposed pipeline can (i) identify early delamination and matrix cracking signatures with high classification performance, and (ii) reduce damage-driving stress metrics through ML-guided load redistribution.

Refinery wastewater has been causing environmental pollution with serious adverse health effects and environmental destruction. This study aims at evaluating the capacity of cassava peels and sugarcane bagasse biosorbents in removing heavy metals, and organic pollutants from the oil refinery wastewater. The proximate and minerals composition of the cassava peels (CP) and sugarcane bagasse (SCB) was determined using the method of AOAC. The pH, turbidity, biological oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were determined using digital pH meter, turbidity meter, 5-Day BOD test, and colorimetric technique, respectively. The heavy metals, phenol, and total oil and grease (TOG) content was estimated using AAS and colorimetric method of AOAC. Batch adsorption test was conducted using completely mixed batch reactors (CMBR) method. The results showed that CP and SCB contain significant (p < 0.05) amount of ash (5.38 %, 2.15 %), fiber (20.63 %, 3.83 %), carbohydrate (7.87 %, 27.64 %), proteins (1.87 %, 1.42 %), moisture (1.20 %, 14.99 %), and lipids (2.52 %, 4.22 %), respectively. The CP (3.72mg/100g, 5.41mg/100g, 8.1mg/100g, 3.00mg/100g, 6.52mg/100g, and 4.26mg/100g) contain high significant (p < 0.05) amount of sodium, potassium, calcium, iron, zinc, and copper compared with that of the SCB (2.33mg/100g, 2.10 mg/100g, 5.40mg/100g, 1.88mg/100g, 2.09mg/100g, and 2.14mg/100g), respectively. The pH value of the wastewater sample treated with the biosorbents was significantly (p < 0.05) high compared with the pH value of the untreated wastewater sample. At significant (p < 0.05) reduction in turbidity, COD, and BOD was observed in the wastewater sample treated with combination of the biosorbents compared with the untreated wastewater. The wastewater sample treated with combination of the biosorbents demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) decreased in phenol and TOG content compared with the untreated wastewater. The biosorbents exhibited high removal efficiency against cadmium, lead, nickel, and chromium up to 65.70 %, 80.30 %, 52.46 %, and 72.70 %, respectively. The biosorbents displayed a methylene blue and Congo red dye removal efficiency of 85.66 % and 74.23 %, respectively. The R2 value of lead, cadmium, nickel, chromium, methylene blue and congo red dye for Langmuir isotherm model is higher than that for Freundlich isotherm model. Thus, the experimental equilibrium data for heavy metals and the dyes were best fitted to the Langmuir model than the Freundlich model.

Breast cancer represents the most prevalent cancer type among women in Saudi Arabia. Despite the availability of early detection programs via mammography, participation rates remain suboptimal due to limited awareness and prevalent misconceptions regarding the screening process. This review aims to consolidate and critically analyze published studies examining the impact of health education on women’s awareness and knowledge of mammogram screening. Evidence indicates that structured health education interventions delivered in healthcare settings or through community campaigns and digital media significantly enhance women’s knowledge and encourage early detection practices. The findings underscore the necessity of sustained educational programs and active involvement of healthcare professionals, particularly radiologic technologists and nurses, to optimize breast cancer prevention and early detection.

Sports performance in high-intensity, intermittent games like Kho-Kho rely heavily on cardiovascular endurance, speed, agility, and movement efficiency. Structured training programs that target these components are essential for optimizing player performance. This study investigated the effects of speed endurance training, saq (speed, agility, and quickness) training, and combined training on cardiovascular endurance among collegiate male Kho-Kho players. A total of 60 participants, aged 18–25 years and with prior intercollegiate competitive experience, were randomly assigned to four groups: Speed Endurance Training (Group I), SAQ Training (Group II), Combined Training (Group III), and a Control Group (Group IV) that did not receive any specific training intervention. The intervention lasted 12 weeks, with three 60-minute sessions per week conducted on alternate days in the evening to ensure consistency in environmental conditions. A randomized pre-test–post-test control group design was employed, with cardiovascular endurance measured using standardized assessments before and after the intervention. Statistical analysis using paired t-tests, ANCOVA, and Scheffe’s post hoc test revealed significant improvements in cardiovascular endurance in all experimental groups compared to the control group. Among the training programs, the Combined Training Group exhibited the greatest overall improvement, indicating that integrating Speed Endurance and SAQ training produces superior cardiovascular adaptations. These findings underscore the importance of multidimensional, sport-specific training strategies in enhancing the physiological and performance capacities necessary for competitive Kho-Kho players.