Quality indicators (QIs) are essential tools for evaluating laboratory performance across the preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical phases of the total testing process. Recent accreditation standards, including ISO 15189:2022 and NABL 112A, emphasize risk-based thinking, performance evaluation, and continuous improvement through systematic monitoring of quality indicators. Despite their widespread adoption, quality management in many laboratories remains largely reactive, relying on the retrospective review of performance data and corrective actions after deviations have occurred. Such approaches may fail to identify emerging risks in complex and data-intensive laboratory environments. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising technology capable of transforming quality indicator monitoring through continuous data analysis, pattern recognition, anomaly detection, and predictive analysis. By leveraging data generated from laboratory information systems, automated analyzers, quality control programs, and operational workflows, AI can identify hidden trends and forecast quality failures before they affect the patient care. Potential applications include the prediction of specimen rejection, hemolysis, quality control instability, instrument downtime, turnaround time delays, and communication errors. This review examines the role of AI in laboratory quality management and discusses its potential to shift quality monitoring from a reactive to predictive paradigm. A novel Continuous Quality Intelligence Framework (CQIF) is proposed to illustrate how quality indicators, integrated data systems, predictive analytics, and continuous improvement processes can be combined to support proactive risk management. This framework aligns with the principles of ISO 15189:2022 and NABL 112A and provides a conceptual roadmap for future AI-enabled quality systems. The adoption of predictive quality management approaches has the potential to improve patient safety, operational efficiency, accreditation readiness, and overall laboratory performance.

It is clear that when we love, we feel happy, and when we hate, we feel miserable. Many wise Sufi poets and thinkers believed that living a good life means being happy, and the best way to achieve this happiness is through love, faith, and kindness. They thought that the highest form of life is a life filled with love and spiritual devotion. Love, profoundly simple yet infinitely complex, has been a subject of contemplation for philosophers, poets, and mystics throughout the ages. In the philosophy of, love or Ishq transcends the mundane and attains a sublime, ethereal essence that permeates the universe. He believes that through love and faith, people are able to live together and accept each other in a system of co-existence. Relationships are formed and maintained through interpersonal interaction. The system of life develops when people interact with one another, form bonds of love, friendship, affection, faith, and concern for one another, and go about their everyday lives. This article delves into Rumi’s profound insights on love, faith, interrelationships between man and God, Divine love, and transformative power. Rumi’s poetry is replete with metaphors and allegories that convey the multifaceted nature of love. He portrays love as a journey, a longing, and a union, an ever-evolving dance between lover and beloved, self and other, human and Divine. Through his mystical imagery and lyrical expression, Rumi invites readers to transcend the limitations of the ego and experience the boundless expanses of the heart. His philosophy of love extends beyond the realm of human relationships to encompass love for all creation. He celebrates the beauty of nature, the harmony of the cosmos, and the inherent goodness of existence as manifestations of Divine love and faith. In doing so, Rumi invites us to cultivate a deep reverence for life and to recognize the sacred presence that permeates every aspect of reality.

Accurate transfer of implant positions is critical for achieving passive fit in full-arch implant-supported prostheses. Photogrammetry has emerged as a promising digital impression technique, offering superior accuracy by eliminating cumulative stitching errors inherent to intraoral scanning. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on photogrammetry technologies for full-arch implant rehabilitation, comparing accuracy, workflow efficiency, clinical outcomes, and limitations against conventional and intraoral scanning methods. Electronic searches of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were conducted (2015-2026). Photogrammetry systems demonstrate significantly superior trueness (10-50 µm) and precision (4-18 µm) compared to intraoral scanning (trueness up to 731.7 µm in full-arch applications). A 2025 meta-analysis confirmed photogrammetry's superior trueness in distance deviation (p = .001) and angular deviation (p = .02). Intraoral photogrammetry achieves comparable accuracy to extraoral systems while capturing soft tissue in a unified scan. Navigated photogrammetry enables conversion-less provisional fabrication. While equipment costs and learning curves remain barriers, emerging smartphone-based systems promise broader accessibility. Photogrammetry represents the most accurate digital method for full-arch implant position capture, with emerging intraoral and navigated systems addressing workflow limitations.

Cameroon's bijural judicial system, combining civil law in Francophone regions and common law in Anglophone areas, creates unique training demands that its judicial institutions have struggled to meet. Using doctrinal analysis and comparative review of three unreported primary judgments, this article examines the decade-long controversy over the Originating Summons procedure in Anglophone Cameroonian courts as a lens through which to analyse the structural training deficit at the heart of the bijural judiciary. The article demonstrates that the same statutory provision, Section 10 of the Southern Cameroons High Court Law 1955, produces opposed judicial outcomes across different courts and different time periods. This divergence is shown to be structurally produced by the absence of systematic continuous professional development and failure to issue harmonising procedural guidance. The omission of a dedicated English-speaking judicial intake in the 2025/2026 recruitment cycle appears to signal the effective discontinuation of the Common Law Section, although no formal decree abolishing the Section has been identified, which has intensified this deficit. The article proposes targeted reforms anchored in a comparative analysis of successful bijural judicial training models.

Mango (Mangifera indica) and peach (Prunus persica) juices are highly perishable, requiring innovative preservation methods to enhance their nutritional value and shelf life. This study evaluates the effect of single-cell protein (SCP) derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the composition and stability of these juices. SCP fortification significantly increased protein content (mango: 0.47% to 0.91%, peach: 0.42% to 0.85%) and fiber (mango: 0.31% to 0.75%, peach: 0.30% to 0.71%), while reducing fat content. Antioxidant capacity improved, with flavonoid content rising (mango: 36.57 to 52.78 mg QE/mL, peach: 34.25 to 48.91 mg QE/mL) and DPPH activity increasing (mango: 39.52% to 62.37%, peach: 37.46% to 59.28%). Ascorbic acid levels, mineral content (calcium, magnesium), and superoxide dismutase activity also showed notable enhancements. SCP treatment slightly increased pH and viscosity, contributing to juice stability. Sensory evaluation confirmed improved color, aroma, and taste, enhancing consumer acceptability. These findings highlight SCP as a sustainable, functional additive for improving the nutritional quality and shelf life of fruit juices, offering potential applications in the food industry.

This study investigates the syntactic and semantic relationship between the Chinese ba-construction and its English equivalents, using the framework of Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG), particularly the transitivity system. The “ba”-construction is a distinctive structure in Mandarin Chinese that emphasizes the affectedness of an object and the result of an action. Translating such structures into English involves more than direct syntactic transformation; it requires careful consideration of how experiential meaning is expressed through different process types and participant roles. Drawing on a bilingual corpus of literary and journalistic texts, this research categorizes English translations of “ba”-constructions according to their process types in SFG: material, mental, relational, and verbal. The analysis reveals that while most “ba”-constructions are translated into material processes in English—preserving the action-result pattern—there are frequent and systematic shifts into other process types due to lexical, grammatical, and stylistic constraints. These shifts often result in the reconfiguration of participant roles, such as Goals becoming Phenomena or Actors taking on the role of Sensers or Carriers. The study argues that these transitivity shifts are not mere formal alterations but play a crucial role in maintaining semantic coherence and communicative intent across languages. It highlights the translator’s role as an active agent in negotiating meaning and form, and it affirms the value of SFG as a practical tool for translation analysis. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of cross-linguistic transitivity and provide insights for translator training and contrastive linguistics.

The fracture of endodontic instruments within root canals remains one of the most challenging and anxiety-provoking complications in clinical endodontic practice. With reported separation rates ranging from 0.25% to 10%, the occurrence of broken instruments demands a systematic, evidence-based approach to management. This review comprehensively examines the etiology and mechanisms of instrument fracture, clinical classification, preoperative assessment strategies. non-surgical and surgical retrieval techniques, risk factors influencing outcomes, complications, and future directions. Drawing from published review articles, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, the article aims to provide clinicians with a structured decision-making framework to optimize treatment outcomes and preserve natural dentition.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the impact of the Indian Knowledge System (IKS)-based Lagori game on the cardio respiratory endurance of school girls. To conduct the present study, thirty (N = 30) school girls from the Alagappa Physical Fitness Academy (APFA) Programme, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India, were selected randomly as subjects. Their ages ranged from 12 to 14 years. The selected subjects were divided into two groups of fifteen each (n = 15). Group I served as the Indian Knowledge System-based Lagori game training group, while Group II served as the control group and did not receive any training. The Indian Knowledge System-based Lagori game training was considered the independent (manipulative) variable, while cardio respiratory endurance was considered the dependent variable. Cardio respiratory endurance was assessed using the cardio respiratory endurance tested by 9 minutes run or walk test and performance was recorded in meters. The training programme was conducted for six weeks, with training sessions held five days per week. Data were collected before the commencement of the training programme (pre-test) and after the completion of the six-week training period (post-test). The collected pre-test and post-test data were analysed using the paired sample t-test to determine the significance of improvement resulting from the training programme. The findings revealed that six weeks of Indian Knowledge System-based Lagori game training significantly improved the cardio respiratory endurance of school girls compared to the control group that did not undergo training.

Background: Quality of life (Qol) provides an insight on how patients perceive their well-being, daily functioning and treatment tailored to improve their overall health such as self-care. This study was designed to assess the Qol of patients with Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in selected hospitals in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Materials and methods: This prospective cross-sectional study among 251 patients was conducted in selected hospitals using the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire. Data on Qol across the main four domains such as physical health, psychological well-being, social relationships, and environmental context were retrieved and analyzed using descriptive statistical tools. Results: Out of 251 respondents the majority 83 (33.1%) were within the age group of 60 to 69 years and the least 36 (14.3%) were in the age bracket of 70 years and above. Large proportion 185 (73.7%) of the respondents we're married and the least 13 (5.2%) were single. The grand total mean for general quality of life is 1.97 ± 0.67. The grand mean value for physical well-being is 2.94 ± 0.84. The grand mean value for psychological well-being is 2.86 ± 0.86. The grand mean value for social relationship is 2.65 ± 0.78 and the grand mean value of quality of life of patients with BPH in the selected hospitals is 2.62 ± 0.69 indicating moderate level quality of life. However, the patients were not satisfied with their general well-being and quality of life as indicated in low means scores and standard deviation (Mean=1.97, SD=0.67) and environmental well-being (Mean=2.39, SD=0.77) and items in social relationship. Conclusion: The quality of life of patients with BPH was found to be moderate generally, indicating that patients were able to maintain satisfactory physical, emotional, and social well-being despite the chronic nature of the condition.

Thermal activation of kaolinite plays a critical role in determining its suitability for industrial and environmental applications, particularly for the production of reactive metakaolin. In this study, a quantitative and mechanistically informed evaluation of the amorphization and dehydroxylation behaviour of Ikere-Ekiti kaolin was conducted following calcination at temperatures between 550 and 850 °C for residence times of 15- and 120-min. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was employed to monitor structural evolution, with emphasis on hydroxyl group removal and collapse of the kaolinite lattice. The persistence of O–H stretching bands at 3697 and 3622 cm⁻¹ after calcination at 550 °C for 15 min indicates incomplete metakaolinization, whereas their disappearance at higher temperatures and longer durations confirms extensive dehydroxylation. Quantitative analysis based on spectral deconvolution and normalization reveals that amorphization is strongly dependent on both temperature and time, reaching a maximum near 650 °C after 120 min. Calcination above 750 °C results in a slight decrease in structural disorder, suggesting the onset of reorganization toward spinel-type intermediates. A schematic transformation pathway and a pseudo-Arrhenius interpretation of dehydroxylation kinetics are proposed. These results identify an optimal activation window for kaolinite and provide general insight into thermally driven transformations of layered aluminosilicates.

Introduction: Extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) of the head and neck represents an uncommon yet clinically significant group of lymphoid malignancies arising from B-cell or T-cell lineages. These tumors are characterized by malignant monoclonal lymphoid proliferation involving extranodal tissues and frequently exhibit aggressive clinical behavior, necessitating prompt diagnosis and treatment. Because of their diverse clinical presentations and rapid progression, they may mimic other benign or malignant conditions, posing diagnostic challenges. Objective: To describe the epidemiological, clinical, radiological, and histopathological characteristics of patients diagnosed with extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the head and neck and managed at a tertiary referral center. Patients and Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted including 55 patients diagnosed with extranodal head and neck NHL between January 2025 and March 2026 in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery at Hôpital des Spécialités, Ibn Sina University Hospital, Rabat, Morocco. Clinical records were reviewed for demographic data, presenting symptoms, endoscopic findings, imaging studies, histopathological and immunophenotypic diagnoses, and anatomical sites of involvement. Results: Fifty-five patients were included, with ages ranging from 3 to 91 years with the mean age was 52.8 ± 23.3 years (mean ± SD). There was a slight male predominance, comprising 31 males (56.4%) and 24 females (43.6%) corresponding to a male-to-female ratio of 1.29:1. The most frequent extranodal sites were the palatine tonsils (25.5%, n = 14), nasopharynx (14.5%, n = 8), oral cavity—including the palate and buccal mucosa—(10.9%, n = 6), facial bones (frontal bone, maxilla, mandible, and nasal pyramid) (10.9%, n = 6), base of tongue (9.1%, n = 5), parapharyngeal space (5.5%, n = 3), external ear and external auditory canal (5.5%, n = 3), parotid gland (5.5%, n = 3), nasal cavity (3.6%, n = 2), thyroid gland (3.6%, n = 2), pharyngolaryngeal region (1.8%, n = 1), frontoethmoidal sinus (1.8%, n = 1), and sternocleidomastoid muscle (1.8%, n = 1). Clinical manifestations varied according to the site of involvement and frequently mimicked other pathological entities. Based on the World Health Organization classification, B-cell lymphomas predominated, accounting for 49 cases (89.1%), whereas T-cell lymphomas represented 6 cases (10.9%). Following diagnosis, all patients were promptly referred to the hematology department for systemic management. Conclusion: Extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the head and neck is a rare and potentially aggressive malignancy with heterogeneous clinical presentations and a broad spectrum of anatomical involvement. In this series, B-cell lymphomas constituted the predominant histological subtype. Early recognition, timely histopathological diagnosis, and multidisciplinary management are essential to facilitate appropriate treatment and improve patient outcomes

The study was carried out to investigate the effect of inquiry-based teaching and the lecture method on students’ achievement in Biology in senior secondary schools in the Delta Central Senatorial District. Four (4) research questions were raised, and four (4) hypotheses were formulated and tested at a 0.05 alpha level of significance. The study adopted pre-test and post-test non-equivalent planned variation as a quasi-experimental design. The study sample consisted of 325 biology students, selected using stratified and simple random sampling procedures from schools. The Biology Achievement Test (BAT) was the instrument used in this study and validated by three Experts. Reliability coefficients of 0.76 was established for BAT. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and independent sample t-test and ANCOVA. The findings of the study are: (i) there is a significant difference in mean achievement and interest scores between students taught with inquiry-based teaching and lecture method, (ii) there is no significant difference between mean scores of male and female students exposed to inquiry-based teaching method on achievement amongst others. It was recommended that inquiry-based instruction be encouraged among Biology teachers to raise students' dwindling interest in the subject and improve students’ achievement.

Traditional wastewater treatment infrastructure, heavily reliant on aerobic processes like activated sludge, operates as a significant net energy sink, consuming approximately 1–3% of global electricity production primarily for mechanical aeration. This operational model overlooks the substantial chemical energy (~16.1 kJ/g COD) embedded within organic pollutants. Microbial Electrochemical Systems (MESs) including Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) and Microbial Electrolysis Cells (MECs) represent a foundational shift in environmental biotechnology by leveraging electrochemically active bacteria (EAB) for extracellular electron transfer (EET) directly to solid-state electrodes. This article provides a comprehensive academic review of MES principles, evaluating fundamental thermodynamics, advancements in electrode material engineering, and diverse resource recovery pathways, including direct electricity generation, biohydrogen production, and targeted nutrient mining (e.g., struvite precipitation). Key bottlenecks limiting real-world scalability, such as high internal ohmic resistance, mass-transfer constraints, and capital expenditures, are critically analyzed. We propose a framework for integrating MESs into hybrid treatment trains to achieve process intensification, establishing a pathway for transitioning wastewater management facilities into circular bio-economy "resource mines."

The prevalence rate of diabetes mellitus has been rapidly risen becoming the major public health problem in the world due to complex interactions between diets, lifestyles, environment, and socioeconomic factors. The relevant studies were comprehensively searched through five electronic databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, MDPI, Scopus, and Web of Science. The findings of the selected relevant studies were analyzed through a narrative synthesis approach to find out the significant trends and associations of dietary sugars, physical inactivity, and unequal access to health care with diabetes prevalence. Based on the findings of the relevant literatures reviewed, the prevalence and incident risk of type 2 diabetes is significantly associated to dietary sugars, physical inactivity, and unequal access to health care. Thus, dietary sugars, physical inactivity, and unequal access to health care have been documented as major risk factors for type 2 diabetes.

This research work focused on the variability of global solar radiation over the area of extension site which is situated in Federal Polytechnic Oko, Orumba North Local Government Area, Anambra State, Nigeria. (6°20'N. 7U00'E) which was located in South Eastern part of Nigeria for the month of December 2016. The global solar radiation was measured every thirty minutes from 6:00am to 6:00pm for the period of five days. To measure the intensity of solar radiation in a particular geographical area is one of the necessary tools used for the investigation of the intensity of solar power radiation and necessary for the implementation of photovoltaic systems in that particular geographical area. To determine the solar radiation intensity, data were collected over a given period of days using an instrument called solarimeter. Solarimeter is an instrument used to determine the intensity or thermal radiation and photovoltaic principles of the sun in a particular geographical area. The data collected were analyzed to observe the behavior or the data and what the data portrays. The data were analyzed using radial plot, line plot, scatter plot main effect, correlations and probability plots. From the analysis, it was observed that the Sun radiation is highest from around 12 noon to 2 pm of the day time and lowest around 6AM to 7AM in the morning hours and around 6 PM in the evenings of 6th to 10th February, 2017. The high intensity is as a result of high atmospheric temperature in the area. The correlations of the intensity and the temperature reveals that they are correlated to each other. The probability plots show that the exponential probability plots are more significance than normal probability plots. The result shows the intensity of the sun light is high in afternoon and lower in the early hours of mornings and late hours of evenings. The average solar intensity of extension site in Federal Polytechnic Oko, is 356,644w/m2. The result will help in positioning solar panels, in order to determine the efficiency of solar panel, being critical in the selection of solar panels that will be necessary and more effective in that particular geographical area.