This study tiled “Fostering a Culture of Well-being and Civility: Pathways to Enhance Staff Retention and Improved Patient Outcomes in Nursing” aimed to explore how well-being and civility initiatives influence nurse engagement, retention, and patient outcomes within the Executive Nursing Affairs of Prince Sultan Military Medical City (PSMMC)-Ministry of Defense (MSD). Using a mixed methods descriptive correlational design, the study employed the Nursing Retention & Recognition Committee (NRCC) bilingual (Englisg-Arabic) questionaire as the main research intrument to measure nurses’ perceptions of workplace well-being, civility, engagement, and retention. Institutional data from the Nursing Retention & Recognition Committee (NRCC) covering 2022 to 2025 were also analyzed to validat the results and strengthen the interpretation. The findings revealed that PSMMC demosntates a strong commitment to fostering well-being and civility through effective recognition programs, empowerment opportunities, and initiatives promotion mutual respect. The extent of implementation of these initiatives was rated high (Mean=4.05), reflecting strong organizational support and leadership engagement. Nurse engagement and satisfaction were also moderately high (Mean=3.95), largely influenced by teamwork, morale, and professional fulfillment. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed a strong positive relationship (r = 0.74, p  0.05) between well-being and civility initiatives and staff retention. Regression analysis futher inidcated that improved well-being and civility significantly enhance patience outcomes (=0.62, p 0.05), particularly in quality of care and satisfaction. The results affirm PSMMC’s leadership excellence in nurturing a professional, respectful, and supportive nursing environment. Continuous evaluation, mentorship for newly hired nurses, and sustained recognition initiatives are recommended to strenghthen engagement and retention. Ultimately, the study emphasizes that cultivating a culture of well-being and civility is vital for promoting workforce stability and achieving excellence in patient care.

Introduction: Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common condition among women, significantly impacting their quality of life across psychological, social, and physical dimensions. Despite its prevalence, UI often goes untreated due to social stigma and limited awareness of available management strategies, including physiotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate the awareness levels among pregnant women regarding UI and the role of physiotherapy in its prevention and management, with a focus on populations in Sudan and Egypt. Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 75 pregnant women in Sudan and Egypt aged 15–49 years, selected using simple random sampling. Participants completed structured questionnaires covering demographic data, obstetric history, and knowledge about UI and physiotherapy. Data were analyzed manually using descriptive statistics. All necessary ethical approvals were obtained. Results: Findings showed that 56% of participants were aware of UI, however, only 5% had consulted a physiotherapist as noted by Parlas and Bilgic (2024), higher levels of UI knowledge are positively associated with attitudes toward management and help seeking, indicating that structured, evidence-based health education especially during antenatal care can bridge the gap between awareness and action. Conclusion: The study highlights a significant gap in awareness of physiotherapy as a preventive tool for UI among pregnant women. These results emphasize the need for targeted educational interventions and the integration of physiotherapy education into antenatal care programs.

Simulation-Based Learning (SBL) has become an essential component of modern nursing education, offering learners realistic and risk-free⁠ environments to practice essential clinical and decision-making skills. With the increasing complexity of healthcare systems and the growing emphasis on patient safety, nursing edu⁠cators are seeking innovative methods that effective⁠ly prepare students for real-world clinical challeng⁠es. Traditional Clinical Experience (TC⁠E), while historically the cornerstone of nursing training, presents several ch⁠allen⁠ges inclu⁠di⁠ng inconsistent patient exposure, ethical conc⁠erns, and variability in supervision. As a res⁠ult, educators have turned to SBL as a structured, e⁠videnc⁠e-⁠based approach that enhances clinical competence, self-efficacy, an⁠d professional readiness. The obje⁠ctive of this system⁠atic review was to critically evaluate and synthesize exist⁠ing rese⁠arch comparing simulation-based learning and traditional clinical experiences in improving nursing staff competencies. The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and the⁠ seven stages of knowledge synthesis in nursing science: form⁠ulating the research question, developing a data protocol, implementi⁠ng a ri⁠gorous search strategy, appraising study quality, extractin⁠g data, synthesizing evidence, and interpreting f⁠indings. Ele⁠ctronic databases PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched for⁠ studies publi⁠shed between 2010 and 2024. Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteri⁠a, encompassing a total of 1,676 participants. Results demonstrated that SBL produced superior⁠ or equivalent outcomes compared with TCE ac⁠ross the cognitive, affective⁠, and psychomotor domains. Specifically, simulation significantly improved students’ self-efficacy, confidenc⁠e, clinical judgment, and procedur⁠al accuracy. Quantitative synthesis revealed large e⁠ffect sizes favo⁠ring SBL for self-efficacy (SMD = 1.93), clinical perfo⁠rmance (SMD = 1.62), and confidence (SMD =⁠ 1.83). Additionally, qualitative finding⁠s highlighted that simulation enhanced learner engagement, reflective thinking, and perceived readiness for clinical practice. However, challenges related to cost, faculty training, and standa⁠r⁠dization of simulation protocols remain pers⁠istent barriers to w⁠idespread implementation. T⁠hi⁠s review concludes⁠ that sim⁠ulation⁠-based learning represents a pedagogically sound, effective, and safe educational strategy that bridges the longstanding gap between theory and practice in nursing education. It⁠s structured and controlled learning envi⁠ronment fosters meas⁠urable improvements in knowledge, skill performance,⁠ and confidence amo⁠ng nursi⁠ng students. Nevertheless, ongoing research is needed to establish standardized evaluation tools, assess lon⁠g-term outcomes, and ensur⁠e cost-effective scalability. The findings support the integration of simulation-based learning as a core com⁠ponent of nursing curricula, compleme⁠nting traditi⁠onal clinical exp⁠eriences to produce compet⁠ent, confident,⁠ a⁠nd patient-centered nursing professionals.

This article examines how disability and gender intersect in contemporary Malayalam crime fiction through Sreeparvathy’s Violet Pookkalude Maranam (2021), which introduces Aleena Ben John, a wheelchair-using woman, as its central detective. The study situates Sreeparvathy’s work within Kerala’s evolving literary landscape, where disability has rarely occupied a central position in fiction and is often represented through metaphors of dependence, tragedy, or moral burden. Drawing on Fiona Kumari Campbell’s theory of ableism and key insights from Feminist Disability Studies, the article analyses how Aleena’s narrative oscillates between empowerment and internalised shame. While her role as a detective appears to challenge patriarchal and ableist frameworks, her self-perception and limited social agency reveal deep-seated cultural anxieties about the disabled female body. Through a close reading of the novel’s narrative structure and psychological interiority, the article argues that Violet Pookkalude Maranam both expands and constrains the possibilities of representing disabled womanhood in Malayalam literature. By exploring disability not as metaphor but as lived experience, this study contributes to understanding how gendered embodiment and genre conventions shape the politics of visibility and agency in Kerala’s popular fiction.

Background: Accurate preoperative assessment of surgicopathological factors is essential for optimal management of early cervical cancer. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used for preoperative staging, but its diagnostic accuracy varies across key pathological predictors. This study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of MRI in determining surgicopathological factors in early-stage cervical cancer using histopathology as the gold standard. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Gynecological Oncology Unit of Dhaka Medical College Hospital from June 2021 to May 2022. Fifty histologically confirmed early-stage cervical cancer patients undergoing primary radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection were included. Preoperative MRI assessed tumor size, vaginal extension, parametrial involvement, lymph node metastasis, deep stromal invasion, and corpus extension. MRI findings were compared with clinical examination and final histopathology. Diagnostic accuracy parameters were calculated. Results: Clinically, 94% of tumors were <4 cm, and 14% showed vaginal involvement. MRI demonstrated high accuracy for tumor size assessment with sensitivity 97.87%, specificity 100%, and overall accuracy 98%. For vaginal extension, MRI showed sensitivity 71.43% and specificity 100% with accuracy 96%. MRI detected lymph node metastasis with sensitivity 60%, specificity 91.11%, and accuracy 88%. Deep stromal invasion was identified with 72.41% sensitivity and 71.43% specificity. Corpus extension demonstrated sensitivity 55.56%, specificity 93.75%, and accuracy 80%. Conclusion: MRI is a highly sensitive and specific modality for preoperative evaluation of key surgicopathological factors in early cervical cancer. Its strong concordance with histopathology supports its essential role in guiding surgical planning and staging.

Cross-border cooperation today is considered as a pivotal element in addressing contemporary challenges such as drugs trafficking, smuggling, terrorism, and transnational organized crimes across international borders. It is believed that no country can unilaterally ensure the security of it borders alone without cooperation between countries that share a common border. The institution of a one stop border post between Cameroon and Nigeria at their joint borders in Ekok and Mfum is considered as a sign of cooperation existing between the two countries. Various legal mechanisms have been developed by International Organisations seeking to advocate for cross-border cooperation as a sine qua non factor in ensuring border security. This paper focuses principally on the World Customs Organization’s concept of Coordinated Border Management which is anchored on cross-border cooperation as a legal mechanism in mitigating customs risks. It examines some practical dimensions of cross-border cooperation between customs administrations and other border agencies at the domestic and across the border, and their possible role towards ensuring border security at Ekok and Mfum. This work concludes that compliance with some of the key principles governing cross-border cooperation such as joint border security patrol, intelligence sharing, joint capacity building, use of common facilities, and memoranda of understanding, information technology, will go a long way to mitigate customs risks. This work employs both a doctrinal research methodology based on content analysis of primary and secondary data, as well as empirical research methodology based on focused group discussion.

Introduction : Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men over 65. Depression is frequent in this population but remains underdiagnosed, particularly due to atypical clinical presentations, confusion with treatment side effects, and sociocultural perceptions that trivialize the psychological distress of older adults. The objective of this study was to describe the obstacles to screening for depression in older patients treated for prostate cancer, analyze professional perceptions, and identify potential improvements to the care pathway. Methods : A qualitative study incorporating a clinical case of severe depression in a 76-year-old man treated with hormone therapy for prostate cancer, and semi-structured interviews conducted with a university hospital geriatrician and a geriatric psychiatrist. Results: Psychological vulnerability is increased by the cancer diagnosis, the loss of virility associated with treatment, geriatric frailty, and social isolation. Screening practices remain inconsistent: geriatricians used standardized tools, while psychiatrists intervened after the disorder had already developed. Identified obstacles included confusion between depressive symptoms and side effects, persistent taboos surrounding psychiatry, a lack of interdisciplinary coordination, and the absence of institutional protocols. Professionals agreed on the need for a structured screening protocol, targeted training, and interdisciplinary collaboration. Analysis of the literature and professional guidelines reinforced the need to implement a proactive screening approach, particularly at the initiation of hormone therapy. Conclusion : This study highlighted the need for a preventive and integrative approach to identify depression early in this high-risk population. Systematizing screening, adapting tools to the cultural context, and fostering collaboration among professionals working with older adults are essential to improving their quality of life and preventing suicidal complications.

Rapid urbanisation in Enugu Metropolis has increasingly altered natural hydrological processes, raising concerns about groundwater sustainability and aquifer vulnerability. This study assessed the impact of urban expansion on groundwater recharge and evaluated the susceptibility of the underlying aquifers to contamination. An integrated approach involving hydrogeological field measurements, laboratory analyses, geospatial land-use assessment, and DRASTIC vulnerability modelling was employed. Land-use/land-cover analysis showed that built-up areas expanded from 18% in 2000 to 52% in 2024, while vegetation cover declined by 31%, indicating significant surface sealing. Groundwater level measurements revealed depths ranging from 9.4 to 28.7 m, with reduced recharge in densely urbanised zones. Estimated recharge decreased from 142–170 mm/year in 2000 to 68–110 mm/year in 2024, representing a 39–52% decline. Hydrogeological analysis showed moderately productive sandstone aquifers with hydraulic conductivity of 1.4 × 10⁻⁴ to 6.2 × 10⁻⁴ m/s and transmissivity values of 15.8–64.3 m²/day. Groundwater quality showed slightly acidic pH (5.2–6.8) and elevated nitrate concentrations (up to 64 mg/L), indicating anthropogenic influence. The DRASTIC model classified 35% of the metropolis as highly vulnerable, 49% moderately vulnerable, and 16% of low vulnerability, with high-risk zones concentrated in Abakpa Nike, Ogui, Emene, Uwani, and Trans-Ekulu. The study concludes that rapid urbanisation has significantly reduced groundwater recharge and heightened aquifer vulnerability in Enugu Metropolis. It recommends improved urban planning, protection of recharge zones, enhanced waste management, and establishment of a groundwater monitoring network to ensure long-term water resource sustainability.

Illicit trade is a global phenomenon that undermines public security, erodes legitimate business activity, jeopardizes public health, threatens biodiversity and ecosystems, and deprives governments of the necessary resources to finance investments projects. International trade law provides an effective legal and enforcement mechanisms to combat illicit trade. This work seeks to examine the role of international trade law adopted by Cameroon at the international, regional and national levels, and their contribution towards combatting illicit trade. At the international level, it focuses principally on international trade law adopted under the auspices of the World Customs Organisation’s Revised Kyoto Convention of 2006 and the SAFE Framework of Standards of 2005. The reason being that the World Customs Organisation’s legal instruments offer a strong framework to combat illicit trade. This paper identifies the various challenges inherent in implementation, and concludes that compliance with the adopted international trade norms can go a long way to combat illicit trade. This work employs a doctrinal research methodology based on primary and secondary sources of data and empirical based on Focused Group Discussion.

The international criminal law is a rich and varied subject bearing upon most of the great issues facing individual and international community. The paper aims at examining the role of international criminal court (ICC) in combatting crime against humanity and genocide. The study is designed to assess the parts played by the international criminal court in combating crime against humanity and genocides as well as challenges face by the international criminal court. To achieve this objective, we make use of primary and secondary method of data collection and analysis. Our findings revealed that, the international criminal court is not effective in combatting genocide and crime against humanity due to numerous challenges. Against this backdrop, we therefore, recommend among others that, all nations should subscribe to the ICC Statute and extend their whole-hearted support for the prosecution and related activities of the ICC especially joint investigation to establish evidence of genocides and crimes against humanity as well as diplomatic channels to deter and respond to emerging threats of genocide and crime against humanity. This and others will go a long way in curtailing the weakness of the international criminal court in combating genocide and crime against humanity.

Cameroon's legal system is characterized by dual land tenure systems: the customary, which is widely practiced and rooted in traditional norms, and the statutory, which is codified in law. This duality often leads to conflicts, as individuals and communities grapple with competing claims over land rights. The inadequacy of existing legal frameworks to address these disputes effectively results in protracted conflicts, social unrest, and hindered economic development. Worthy of note is that, the settlement of disputes relating to titled lands in Cameroon is stationed by the Land Consultative Board, Common Law Courts (judiciary) and the Administrative Courts. This paper therefore, aimed at exploring the current landscape of land disputes settlement, emphasizing the pressing need for legal reforms and mechanisms that ensure equitable resolution available to individuals and communities. In order to achieve the desired objective, a doctrinal research methodology which involved both primary and secondary sources of data was employed. Against this backdrop, we therefore, recommend that the government should strengthen Dispute Resolution Mechanisms by enhancing the capacity of the Land Consultative Board to handle disputes effectively, providing it with adequate resources and training. The government should also improve access to administrative and common law courts for land dispute resolution, particularly for marginalized groups. This will help bridge the gap between theory and practice concerning the settlement of titled lands in Cameroon.

Ta-Khoushaba is a traditional spear technique that forms a significant part of the Thang-Ta martial art of Manipur, originating during the reign of King Khagemba (1597-1654), it evolved from the sacred practice of Thengou to make exercises accessible to the general people. Ta-Khoushaba comprises a series of systematic movements and sequences performed with a spear, symbolizing both physical discipline and spiritual realization. It is classified into various types based on regional and stylistic variations as developed by Gurus. Each sequence, ranging from salutation to symbolic combat action embodies deeper philosophical meanings related to self-control, awareness, and moral development. Beyond its cultural and spiritual dimensions, Ta-Khoushaba enhances lower limb strength, coordination, and cardiovascular endurance, offering significant benefits for physical education and sports science. Future research can focus on its physiological, psychological, and biomechanical impacts, positioning Ta-Khoushaba as a bridge between traditional martial arts and holistic human development.

Aim: This study aimed to formulate and evaluate grainsetron HCl transdermal patches to reduce the problems associated with oral delivery of the drug and enhancement of drug permeation through the skin. Methods: Grainsetron HCl loaded transdermal patch were prepared by solvent evaporation method. Six formulations were prepared based on the two independent variables, type of surfactant and Phospholipid: Edge activator ratio and were evaluated for their vesicle size, PDI, and entrapment efficiency. The optimized formulations were incorporated into transdermal patches, which were evaluated for physicochemical properties ex-vivo permeation, skin irritancy, and stability studies. Result: Ex-vivo skin permeation study of optimized formulation NEB3 plot of cumulative amount of drug release versus time generate for Permeation studies. From this plot, permeation kinetic parameters such as permeation flux, permeability coefficient and enhancement ratio were calculated. The results showed that NEB3 with 30% w/w had a flux of 174.25±1.04 and released 65.21% in 720 minutes. The results of the in-vivo skin irritation study indicate that the optimized batch NEB3 did not cause significant irritation on rat skin for up to 14 days and was safely used for up to 24 hours. The stability of the optimized formulation (NEB3) was assessed at various temperatures over a period of 30 days. The optimized formulation was assessed for various parameters such as appearance, weight variation, folding endurance, tensile strength, and drug content. The evaluation showed no significant changes in the formulation under room, oven, and cold temperatures. Conclusion: The study concluded that transdermal patches of Grainsetron HCl could be used as a potential approach with effective transdermal delivery for the management of chemotherapy induced vomiting.

This work is about searching the origins of life. So, different natural biochemical cycles-their precursors and end products were analysed. Ratios of interaction between different elemental atoms forming those precursors and end products were created and used to find out the possible precursor molecule of DNA. Efforts were also made to identify the length of time period of remaining ice house phase using a method developed to calculate areas above and below curves on graphs.

Social–emotional learning (SEL) has become increasingly relevant in higher education as universities worldwide seek to cultivate adaptable, ethical, and socially responsible graduates. Yet empirical evidence on SEL-related competencies among Vietnamese undergraduates remains limited, particularly regarding their ability to connect SEL with competency-based instructional approaches. This study addresses this gap by examining the self-assessed SEL and competency-based instructional competencies of 388 students recruited through random sampling from four universities in Ho Chi Minh City. An eight-item SEL competency scale, originally developed by Huynh and colleagues, was adapted to assess students perceived abilities across conceptual, procedural, and application-oriented domains. Responses were rated on a 0–4 Likert-type scale. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 20, employing frequency and percentage distributions, with the instrument demonstrating excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = .945). Results showed that most students rated themselves at moderate to fair levels across all competencies, while proficient performance remained consistently low. Conceptual understanding was stronger than procedural or applied competencies, and the lowest levels of confidence appeared in items requiring integration between SEL and competency-based instruction or demonstration of SEL in instructional practice. These findings suggest that undergraduate students possess foundational awareness of SEL but lack opportunities for deeper experiential engagement and structured pedagogical development. The study highlights the need for intentional curricular design, increased practice-based learning experiences, and university-level initiatives that embed SEL more explicitly within instructional processes. Implications for educational policy, curriculum innovation, and future research are discussed to support the advancement of SEL within Vietnamese higher education.