The present paper describes a technique for semi-permanent replacement of missing anterior edentulous span with an Essix retainer-supported pontics. The objective was to incorporate an esthetic alternative for the maxillary anterior edentulous span, which would be the least invasive and comfortable for the patient.

Background: The etiology of cleft lip and palate is complex and thought to involve genetic influences with variable interactions from environmental factors. Although genetic and environmental triggers are important for syndromic cleft lip and palate, the etiology of the more common non-syndromic (isolated) forms remains poorly understood. Recognition of etiology, risk factors and natural history is essential to define how prevention and treatment should be planned and implemented. Objective: This study is aimed at assessing the possible risk factors in the etiology of patients presenting with cleft lip and palate. Materials and methods: A total of 254 children (children 12years and below) for cleft surgery at three surgical centers (Mercyland orthopedic Hospital, Galaxy Medical Center and shifa Royal Hospital) in the North Eastern under the Smile Train, project for a 2-year period (January 2021 to December 2022) were included in this study. A Self- administered questionnaire was prepared to fill in data about the patients' gender, family history of cleft, consanguineous marriages, maternal risk factors. Ages of the children were ascertained in months and years as told by the parents. Paternal and maternal ages were also recorded. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM) 23.0 version. The significant level was set at a p value of \0.05 at 95% confidence interval. Results: Median age at presentation was 4 month, varying from <1 months to 12 years. The gender distribution was 133 (52.4%) males and 121 (47.6%) females (M:F = 1:0.9). Majority (214, 84.3%) of the affected children belonged to low socioeconomic group while only a few (12, 4.7%). High proportion of mothers between the age of 26 to 35 years (42.5%) was observed, but no association was found between maternal age and clefts (p=0.331). There was evidence of association between paternal age >35years old and cleft (p=0.005). Conclusion: This study revealed a strong association between consanguineous marriage, low socioeconomic status and persistent maternal fever during the first trimester and cleft. Increasing paternal age was also found to increase the risk of cleft. The relevance of this study is for public health workers and clinicians to be equipped with adequate information to provide useful counseling to parents particularly those with history of cleft.it may also provide adequate information for policy makers when making policies of public health concerns.

Autotransplantation of a maxillary premolar tooth is a considerable option for tooth replacement in young adult patients, while Hemisection is a conservative way of preserving teeth. In this case report, we describe successful autotransplantation of the mesial root of the mandibular molar to replace the first maxillary premolar with complete root formation. The donor root was immediately placed at the recipient site and splinted for 14 days. Root canal treatment (RCT) was initiated 3 weeks after transplantation. Clinical and radiographic findings at 24 months of follow-up are compared with the results described in the literature. In case of non-extraction, adjacent teeth can be preserved in an economical way, also, case selection is essential in performing sequences of procedures for the success of treatment.

Background: Bolton’s ratio is a useful tool in orthodontic studies which helps determine the ratio of dental proportions. It is considered the 7th key to normal occlusion. Variations in different malocclusions can aid in diagnosis and planning the treatment. This study determines Bolton’s overall and anterior ratios for male individuals with different classes of malocclusion in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Methods: Ninety-six study model records were obtained from male patients attending the Orthodontic division of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry at Taif University, Saudi Arabia. The participants’ average age was 19.6 years. The study models were divided into three categories: Angle’s Class 1 (n=40), Angle’s Class 2 (n=36), and Angle’s Class 3 (n=20). To prevent bias, one of the authors measured the study casts using the ORTHOASSISTANT software program at two different time intervals. Intergroup differences were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Results were considered statistically significant if the p-value of ≤ 0.05. Results: No statistically significant difference was observed in the overall ratio between the three types of malocclusions. However, class 2 and 3 malocclusions demonstrated significant differences in the anterior ratio. Both overall and anterior ratios in this population were higher than normal Bolton’s ratios. Conclusions: Bolton’s overall ratio did not differ significantly between various malocclusions, but Bolton’s anterior ratio did show significant differences between Class 2 and Class 3 malocclusion groups. This highlights the importance of orthodontists’ appropriate diagnosis and treatment planning in such cases.

Introduction: Oral diseases being a preventable oral condition and a non-communicable disease could be of little concern but about 3 billion people suffer from these conditions worldwide. This study seeks to evaluate the means and methods of oral hygiene and disease prevention in the city of Douala by adults. The population of Douala is chosen due to the fact Douala is a metropolitan city and most representative of the Cameroonian population in which similar studies have not been carried out. Methodology: A cross-sectional questionnaire study was carried out with random sampling of 498 participants. Data was collected using a questionnaire based on the objectives which included identifying the means and methods used, the behaviors of the population in relation to oral disease prevention, the reasons for the behaviors and the methods and used as well as determining their satisfaction in oral disease prevention using the latter means, methods and behaviors. The data inputted, organized and analyzed using Microsoft excel 2016 and SPSS version 26. In addition to percentages, chi square and regression analyses were carried out and represented for various variables in the questionnaire. Results: It was found out that the population of Douala generally had an above average satisfaction in oral disease prevention due to the use of more conventional means and methods like toothbrushes (94.78%) and bicarbonate mouthwash (27.4%) while the main traditional substance was the neem extract (18.75%), and green tea extracts (16.67%). Their main reasons for using these methods were effectiveness (38.55%), low cost (20.88) and availability (20.08%) with a significant relationship between traditional methods and low cost. Majority of the population used both conventional and traditional methods (55.16%). The studied population show better oral hygiene and disease prevention with a higher level of education and greater monthly allowance. Conclusion: After this evaluation, proper oral healthcare in disease prevention produces satisfaction with oral hygiene at least twice a day with toothbrush and bicarbonate mouthwash, carrying out routine dental visits, participating in sensitization which are directly related to education and finances. In the same light, traditional methods include chew stick, extracts like green tea and neem.

Background and objectives: Increasing prevalence of non-carious cervical lesions makes it imperative to overcome challenges in tooth preparation, isolation and restoration. Bio-active restorative materials are relatively new concepts in dentistry having the potential to prevent secondary caries, a major cause of failure of restorations. Composite resins have the disadvantage of polymerization shrinkage leading to marginal gap formation. This study evaluated the marginal microleakage properties of Activa bio-active composite resin using three different adhesives in non- carious cervical lesions. Materials and method: Forty extracted maxillary & mandibular premolars for the study were collected. The specimens were divided into groups (n= 10). Box type class V cavities, 2mm inciso-gingivally, 3mm mesio-distally & 2mm in depth was prepared on the buccal surfaces. Group 1: Activa bio-active resin +No bonding agent, Group 2: Activa bio-active resin +Tetric N-bond, Group 3: Activa bio-active resin +Single bond Universal, Group 4: Activa bio-active resin + G Premio bond. Restorations were done and samples subjected to thermocycling. They were immersed in Rhodamine B dye solution for 24 hours. The samples were longitudinally sectioned in a bucco-lingual direction with diamond discs, examined under a stereo-microscope with 30x magnification and depth of penetration analyzed. The statistical analysis for microleakage was performed using the Kruskal Wallis test followed by the Mann Whitney U-tests with the Wilcoxon correction for pair-wise comparisons at a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: Activa bio-active resin + G Premio bond showed lesser micro-leakage compared to other groups and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: Activa bioactive resin with G Premio bond, 8th generation bonding agent showed lesser micro-leakage when compared with 5th and 7th generation bonding agents.

Enhancing facial aesthetics is a primary motivation for individuals with class II division 1 malocclusion seeking orthodontic treatment. Among the different techniques available to treat Class II malocclusions, a two-phase approach involving functional jaw orthopedics and fixed orthodontic treatment is commonly employed. In this case report, we present the treatment of a young male patient with a Class II Division 1 malocclusion. In the initial phase, the patient underwent growth modification and correction of overjet, overbite, and profile using the Andresen activator. Subsequently, a fixed orthodontic appliance was utilized in the second phase to achieve well-aligned arches and enhance both aesthetics and functionality.

Ankyloglossia is defined as a developmental anomaly of the tongue characterized by an abnormally short, thick lingual frenulum resulting in limitation of tongue movement or in simple terms, tongue tie. In this condition there is difficulty lifting the tongue to the upper teeth or moving the tongue from side to side, tongue appears notched or heart shaped when stuck out. Adult tongue-tie may result in mouth breathing, inability to speak clearly, difficulty kissing, jaw pain and tongue thrust. We hereby report case of tongue-tie of two siblings and its management by electrocautery, this technique was simple, easier as well as less time consuming, unlike conventional surgery. There is little damage to adjacent tissue and no blood in the operating field when using the electrocautery.