The present study examined the impact of treadmill and resistance training packages on selected motor fitness components and skill performance variables among hockey players. A pre-test and post-test randomized group design was employed. Forty-five male hockey players (aged group 19–25 years) were selected from affiliated colleges of Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India. They were randomly assigned into three groups: group I Treadmill Training Group (TTG), group II Resistance Training Group (RTG) and group III Control Group (CG), with fifteen participants in each group. The TTG and RTG underwent their respective training interventions on alternate days for twelve weeks, while the control group followed their regular academic routine without additional training. Motor fitness variables such as cardiovascular endurance and agility, along with performance variables including stick control and passing accuracy, were assessed. Statistical analysis was conducted by using paired sample t-tests and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) at a 0.05 level of significance. The results revealed significant improvements (p ≤ .05) in all selected motor fitness and performance variables for both experimental groups compared to the control group. The findings indicate that treadmill training and resistance training packages are effective methods for enhancing physical fitness and skill performance among university hockey players.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of battle rope and jump rope training combined with ladder drills on cardio respiratory endurance of college men students. Methods: The experimental study enrolled 45 college men students from Kumaraguru Institute of Agriculture, Erode, Tamil Nadu, who were selected to carry out the research. The subjects who met the inclusion criteria were selected using convenience sampling and randomly divided into two intervention groups. The test items used to collect the cardio respiratory endurance tested by Cooper 1.5-mile run test and for completed by the participants before the training intervention. The stipulated training was provided to the participants for the period of 50-minute sessions for the three alternative days in a week. Statistical Procedure: To process the results of the study, analysis of the data was done with the IBM SPSS Statistics 22 software. The statistics obtained were provided by paired sample t-test. The improvement percentage was assessed by using the formula of “%Δ = (x post-test – x pre-test) / pre-test * 100.” The level of confidence was fixed at 95% and values below p<0.05 were considered significant. Results: The paired sample t-test showed a significant (p<0.05) improvement in selected dependent variables over the 12 weeks of stipulated training. Conclusion: The results indicate considerable significant improvement on selected variable was observed. The findings indicate that both the training regimes led to significant improvement on the selected cardio respiratory endurance namely, Cooper test observation. The jump rope training combined with ladder drills has produced a superior effect compared to the battle rope training combined with ladder drills.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of low intensity plyometric training combined with different muscle relaxation techniques on leg explosive power of junior athletes. Methods: The experimental study enrolled 60 junior athletes from Shree Bharath Vidyaashram, Chennai. The age ranged between 11 to 13 years, who were selected to carry out the research. The subjects who met the inclusion criteria were selected using random sampling and divided into three intervention groups and a control group. The test items used to collect the leg explosive power tested by standing long jump test and performance recorded in meters. The 12 weeks of stipulated training was provided to the participants for the period of 60-minute sessions for the three alternative days in a week. Statistical Procedure: To process the results of the study, analysis of the data was done with the IBM SPSS Statistics 22 software. The statistics obtained were provided by paired sample t-test. The improvement percentage was assessed by using the formula of “%Δ = (x post-test – x pre-test) / pre-test * 100.” The level of confidence was fixed at 95% and values below p<0.05 were considered significant. Results: The paired sample t-test showed a significant (p<0.05) improvement in explosive power over the 12 weeks of stipulated training. Conclusion: The results indicate considerable significant improvement on leg explosive power was observed. The findings indicate that the selected training regimes led to significant improvement on leg explosive power namely, standing long jump test observation.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of different neuromuscular training on muscular endurance of junior athletes. Methods: The experimental study enrolled 60 junior athletes’ who taking part in the school level zone athletic competitions from Sakthi Higher Secondary School, Erode Tamilnadu. The age ranged between twelve and thirteen years, which were selected to carry out the research. The subjects who met the inclusion criteria were selected using random sampling and divided into three intervention groups and a control group. The test items used to collect the muscular endurance tested by modified it ups test and performance recorded in counts. The 12 weeks of stipulated training was provided to the participants for the period of 60-minute sessions for the three alternative days in a week. Statistical Procedure: To process the results of the study, analysis of the data was done with the IBM SPSS Statistics 22 software. The statistics obtained were provided by way analysis of co variance. The level of confidence was fixed at 95% and values below p<0.05 were considered significant. Results: The one-way analysis of co variance showed a significant (p<0.05) improvement in muscular endurance over the 12 weeks of stipulated training. Conclusion: The results indicate considerable significant improvement on muscular endurance was observed. The findings indicate that the selected training regimes led to significant improvement on agility.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of fartlek training combined with different running based high intensity interval training on cardio respiratory endurance of men soccer players. Methods: The experimental study enrolled 60 men soccer players who taking part in the inter collegiate level football tournament from University, Calicut Kerala. The age ranged between eighteen to twenty-one years, which were selected to carry out the research. The subjects who met the inclusion criteria were selected using random sampling and divided into three intervention groups and a control group. The test items used to collect the cardio respiratory endurance was tested by coppers 12 minutes run or walk test and performance recorded in meters. The 12 weeks of stipulated training was provided to the participants for the period of 60-minute sessions for the three alternative days in a week. Statistical Procedure: To process the results of the study, analysis of the data was done with the IBM SPSS Statistics 22 software. The statistics obtained were provided by way analysis of co variance. The level of confidence was fixed at 95% and values below p<0.05 were considered significant. Results: The one-way analysis of co variance showed a significant (p<0.05) improvement in cardio respiratory endurance over the 12 weeks of stipulated training. Conclusion: The results indicate considerable significant improvement on cardio respiratory endurance was observed. The findings indicate that the selected training regimes led to significant improvement on cardio respiratory endurance.

This study investigated gender- and age-based differences in the quality of life (QoL) of residential school adolescents using the WHOQOL-BREF framework. A total of 216 students from residential schools in West Bengal, India, participated in the study (Male 14–15 years: n = 68; Male 16–17 years: n = 46; Female 14–15 years: n = 51; Female 16–17 years: n = 51). Participants were assessed across four Quality of Life (QoL) domains: physical health, psychological health, social health, and environment. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted to examine the combined effects of gender and age, followed by univariate analyses to identify domain-specific differences. The results revealed a significant gender difference only in the physical health domain, with males reporting higher physical health than females. No gender differences were found in psychological, social, or environmental domains. However, significant age differences emerged in these three domains, with younger adolescents reporting better overall QoL than older students. The findings highlight developmental and contextual influences on adolescents’ lived experiences and underscore the need for residential schools to implement age-sensitive psychosocial support mechanisms to promote holistic well-being. These findings have implications for educational planning and student support systems in residential school settings.

The purpose of the study was to determine the multiple physical training regimens on selected physical fitness variables among college men handball players. To attain the purpose sixty (N=60) Handball players studying various affiliated colleges in Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India. Their age is between 17 and 21 years. The selected subjects were divided at random into four groups of fifteen each (n=15). Group-I underwent High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT), Group-II underwent Functional Training (FT), Group-III underwent Combined High-Intensity Interval Training and Functional Training (HIITFT) and Group-IV acted as Control group(CG). Speed was selected as dependent variable and it was assessed by 50 meters run. The duration of the training period was restricted to eight weeks and number of sessions is five days per week. The data was collected prior to and immediately after the training period of eight weeks. The data obtained from the experimental groups before and after the experimental period were analyzed by using the statistical technique with depended ‘t’ test and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Whenever, the obtained ‘F’ ratio for the adjusted post-test was found to be significant the Scheffe's Post hoc test was used to access the paired mean differences. In all cases, 0.05 level is fixed as level of confidence to test the significance which is considered as appropriate. The results of the study observed that there is a notable difference among High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) group, Functional Training (FT) group, combined High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and Functional Training (FT) group and Control group on Speed. Further the results of the study concluded that combined High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and Functional Training (FT) group is better than groups on developing Speed.