Rotator cuff stain causes discomfort, stiffness, decreased range of motion, diminished athletic performance, and a lower quality of life for throwers. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) stretching with Yogic Asanas in reducing pain and disability, increasing range of motion, and improving quality of life in young female throwers with rotator cuff stain. Sample from 30 female throwers was divided into three groups: PNF Technique, Yogic Asanas and Control group. Experimental groups underwent a 4-week intervention comprising PNF stretching, Yogic Asanas protocols. Pain levels were measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and range of motion (ROM) was assessed with a goniometer. Pre-intervention readings of the Shoulder Pain and Shoulder Active Range of Motion (AROM) were taken at day 1 and post-intervention readings were taken at the end of week 4. The paired t-test was used to compare the values of the outcome measures for the preintervention and postintervention within the groups. Analysis of variance was used to compare the mean values of change in the outcome measures from preintervention to postintervention between the groups. Post hoc test was conducted to compare the postintervention values of the outcome measures between the groups. Total scores of Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) (p < 0.0001) and Shoulder ROM (p < 0.0001) demonstrated statistically significant improvements in the PNF stretching and Yogic Asanas group. The PNF stretching and Yogic Asanas group significantly enhances Shoulder AROM and reduces pain in young female throwers, offering a promising rehabilitation strategy. Furthermore, the study's results revealed that groups who PNF stretching outperformed other groups in terms of improvements in Shoulder AROM and reduces Shoulder pain.

The population of the East Region of Cameroon lives around the forest and shares precious knowledge about the medicinal plants they possess against diseases such as COVID-19 as the role of ethno-medicine may have favored resilience against the Covid-19 pandemic in Africa. The objective of this study was to identify medicinal plants used against Covid-19 by the local population through their knowledge of COVID-19 in the East Region of Cameroon. The sociodemographic profile, information on COVID-19, the medicinal plants used against COVID-19 and the symptoms were determined. An ethnobotanical survey was conducted from November 2025 to February 2026 across twenty-five (25) villages on 500 respondents. Demographically, a large proportion of the population were men (61.6%), most of whom were non-workers (70.2%), with a dominant age group of 41 to 50 years (35%). Seventy-one percent of the population claimed to know the means of transmission, with "shaking hands with an infected person" being the most cited (41%). Meanwhile, 67% claimed to know the symptoms, with "cough" being the most mentioned (47.4%). Regarding prevention, 68.4% knew of modern prevention methods, with 24.4% favoring social distancing. 52% of the surveyed population stated they had not contracted Covid-19 (with or without testing confirmation). Majority of the population preferred traditional medicine for their health care but only 20.6% of the respondents mentioned traditional treatments against COVID-19 which may be due to the fact that only 28.6% of the respondents had a good knowledge about COVID-19. Alstonia boonei De Wild. emerged as the most used medicinal plant in traditional Covid-19 treatments by the local population, with a citation frequency of 9%. This study sheds light on how local populations perceive, adopt, and adhere to public health crisis measures.

Applied Regression Analysis is a core course in Master of Applied Statistics programs. It consolidates students' statistical modeling foundations and develops their ability to analyze real-world data. Yet conventional course evaluation relies on final exams, lab reports, and project scores--emphasizing results over process and technique over problem-solving. Instructors struggle to identify where students struggle: data governance, model construction, diagnostics, communication. This design article proposes a dynamic evaluation system that uses a regression modeling competency map and process-oriented assessment to capture evidence from quizzes, code submissions, model outputs, case reports, presentations, and online behavior. The system converts this evidence into actionable feedback: problem localization, diagnostic attribution, and modeling prescription. Supported by automated code analysis, model diagnostics extraction, text analysis, and AI-assisted feedback, it is designed to evaluate students' modeling competencies throughout the full regression workflow. The system is intended to improve evaluation timeliness, specificity, and interpretability; support instructors in evidence-based teaching adjustments; and help students refine their modeling strategies.

This study aims to examine, on theoretical grounds, the sensitivity of corporate investment to internally generated cash flow in light of two central explanatory frames: financing constraints and the quality of financial disclosure. First, the study explores the emergence of investment–cash flow sensitivity as a research construct. In this part, we introduce the concept of cash flow sensitivity, then highlight the principal motives behind its emergence, its importance, and its objectives. Second, the study focuses on the role of financing constraints in shaping cash flow sensitivity. In this part, we examine the principles of the financing constraints theory, its implementation through standard empirical proxies, and its main determinants. Third, the paper examines the relationship between financial disclosure quality and investment–cash flow sensitivity. In this part, based on existing research, we clarify the role of high-quality disclosure in mitigating information frictions and reducing the dependence of investment on internal cash flow. Finally, we summarize how financing frictions and disclosure quality jointly shape the conversion of cash flow into productive investment, with consequences for capital allocation and the broader economy.

Background: Health care waste management constitutes one of major public health concerns of modern health care. Since the healthcare workers are at the forefront of the waste generation, their knowledge on its management and hazard prevention is a major determinant of safe handling practices and effective infection control. Methodology: Present study has been conducted as a cross-sectional study among a convenient sample of health care workers, in King Salman Hospital Riyadh (N=131), during July-August 2024. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the quantitative data, in both English and Arabic language. The questions were asked under three main domains of the waste management; segregation, transportation and hazard prevention. Result: Out of total 133 study participants, majority of our study participants were nursing staff (77%, 103/133), in the age group of 31-40 years (54%, 72/133) and been working at our hospital for 2-5 years (46%, 61/133). For the survey items, the positive responses ranged from 72%-98%, 81-96% and 81-100% among the segregation, transportation and hazard prevention domains respectively. Conclusion: We have observed a high level of knowledge and awareness regarding hazardous waste management among healthcare workers, reflecting the efforts taken for continuous capacity building.

Learning Needs Assessment (LNA) is a fundamental component of professional nursing development, especially in tertiary care settings where nurses require specialized clinical and non-clinical competencies. King Fahad Specialist Hospital–Dammam (KFSHD), a major tertiary center in Saudi Arabia, provides advanced services across oncology, transplant, neurosciences, medical, surgical, critical care, and emergency departments. Due to the complexity of these specialties, assessing nurses’ learning needs is essential for guiding targeted continuing education activities. Aim: This study aimed to identify nurses’ learning needs across four components of continuing education, determine preferred locations and durations for learning activities, identify preferred learning methods, examine perceived barriers, evaluate satisfaction with current programs, and compare results across different years of experience. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a tertiary hospital across all different levels of nursing. Sample was collected using quota sampling across inpatient and outpatient nursing departments at KFSHD. An online questionnaire consists of six domains was distributed to all nurses, supported by automated reminders to enhance participation. Data were analyzed using SPSS 2024 through descriptive statistics, chi-square testing, and content analysis. Results: A total of 903 nurses participated. The highest reported learning needs were related to emergency response (40.5%), crash cart and defibrillator use (34.6%), and medication courses (29.3%). Most participants (74.3%) preferred continuing education activities lasting no longer than one day, and nearly half indicated a preference for session durations of 15–30 minutes. Lecture-based presentations were the most preferred learning method (47.2%), while work schedule conflicts were the primary barrier to attendance (42.3%). Experience-based differences were evident, with less experienced nurses up to 5 years expressing higher learning needs for medication-related courses, while nurses with more than 15 years of experience showed greater needs for documentation training. Additionally, nurses with mid-level experience of 6-10 years demonstrated increased interest in nursing informatics. Conclusion: Nurses at KFSHD value continuing education and benefit most from short, experience-tailored training sessions. Educators should adopt micro learning and create level-specific pathways focused on high-priority clinical skills. Administrators must address workload barriers by providing flexible learning time and ensuring programs align with learning needs and operational realities.

Background: Proper treatment of wounds is crucial, as untreated wounds can potentially become fatal. Ethnomedicinal herbs possess the ability to heal wounds without causing any adverse consequences, unlike chemical medications which are increasingly associated with negative effects. Hydrogels are highly promising and extensively employed in the realm of biomedicine. Hydrogel dressings have made tremendous advancements in their ability to reduce inflammation, effectively addressing many clinical problems encountered in efforts to enhance wound healing. Lupeol, a triterpene phytoconstituent, is present in numerous fruit plants and medicinal plants that have been extensively researched for its potential in treating various ailments, including skin wounds. Objective: The aim of present investigation is to assessed the wound healing efficacy of lupeol loaded hydrogel. Method: A hydrogel was synthesized by combining Carbopol 934 with HPMC polymers in a 1:1 ratio. The wound healing potential was assessed using both the excision and incision models, as well as by measuring the hydroxyproline content. Result: The excision wound study demonstrated that the H1 formulation including lupeol exhibited a substantial outcome that was comparable to the usual treatment. The duration of epithelization was determined to be 18 days. The incision wound model demonstrated that the tensile strength of H1 was much greater than the standard. The current study determined that the hydroxylproline content of formulation H1, which contains lupeol, was measured to be 43.52 +0.42, which is comparable to the standard. Conclusion: The exploration has demonstrated that the formulation has the ability to enhance the activity of wound healing. The discovery indicated that lupeol promotes the formation of new blood vessels, the expansion of fibroblast cells, and the production of cytokines and growth factors that are essential for the process of wound healing.