Background and Clinical Significance: Low NIHSS strokes with large vessel occlusion (LVO) may initially appear benign despite a substantial risk of early neurological deterioration (END). Nearly one-quarter of patients with mild ischemic stroke have underlying LVO. The role of reperfusion therapies in this setting remains controversial, making therapeutic decision making particularly challenging. Case Presentation: A 41-year-old woman presented with acute left hemiparesis upon awakening. Initial neurological examination revealed a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of 6. CT angiography demonstrated M1 occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA). However, complete spontaneous resolution of the neurological deficits occurred within minutes, resulting in an NIHSS score of 0. MRI performed 6.5 hours after symptom discovery revealed a small right insular infarction with persistent distal M1 occlusion. Cardiac investigations revealed atrial fibrillation associated with severe rheumatic mitral stenosis. Considering the complete clinical recovery and uncertain benefit-risk balance of reperfusion therapy, conservative management with early anticoagulation was chosen. The patient was discharged with a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 1, which remained stable at 3-month follow-up. Conclusion: Minor strokes associated with LVO remain a major therapeutic dilemma because the indication for reperfusion therapy remains debated. Current evidence suggests that management should be individualized and guided by clinical presentation, advanced imaging findings, and predictive markers of early neurological deterioration.

Background: Rogamarga is one of the fundamental principles in Ayurveda that describes the pathway or site of disease manifestation. Madhyama Rogamarga comprises of Marma, Asthi, and Sandhi. It encompasses a wide spectrum of clinical conditions mainly involving vital structures, bones, joints, movement, and functional activity. Although classical texts describes diseases associated with Madhyama Rogamarga, clinical evidences regarding the predominance of individual symptoms/manifestations remains limited. Objective: To identify and assess the most predominant clinical manifestations in participants affected with Madhyama Rogamarga diseases. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among patients attending the OP, IP & Medical camps of Sri Sri College of Ayurvedic Science and Research Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha. Eligible participants were assessed using structured questionnaire developed following an extensive review of Ayurvedic literature and validated by experts of Ayurveda Siddhanta and Samhita. A total of 511 participants were screened, out of which 320 were identified with Madhyama Rogamarga involvement. Clinical manifestations were analysed using descriptive statistics, and frequencies and the percentages were calculated. Results: Among the 320 participants with Madhyama Rogamarga involvement, Sthambha was observed as predominant manifestation (61.3%), followed by Cheshtanasha (42.8%), Shotha (26.3%), Janusandhi Shula (25.6%), and Katishula (23.1%). Sthambha was seen a nearly comparable distribution between mild (31.6%) and moderate (29.7%) grades. Conclusion: Sthambha was the most predominant clinical manifestation among participants affected with Madhyama Rogamarga, followed by Cheshtanasha, Shotha, Janusandhi Shula, and Katishula. Systematic assessment of these clinical manifestations helps for a clearer clinical understanding and characterization of Madhyama Rogamarga.

The Purpose of the study was to find out the effects of exercise order in a resistance training exercise session on selected speed related variables among women athletes. For this purpose, forty-five (N=45) women athletes who were participated in the inter collegiate athletic meet in Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India during the year 2025-2026 were randomly selected as subjects. The age of the subjects was ranged from 18 and 21 years. The subjects were divided into three groups of fifteen in each (n=15). Group-I underwent Large and Progressed toward Small Muscle group Exercises (LG-SM) and Group-II underwent Small and Advanced to Large Muscle group Exercises (SM-LG) and group –III was act as the Control group (CG). Experimental groups underwent their training programme for 12 weeks in addition to the training program designed by the college curriculum. The control group was no underwent any specific training. Speed, Stride Length and Acceleration Speed were selected as dependent variables. Speed and Stride Length were assessed by 50 Meters Sprint Test; and Acceleration Speed was measured by 30 Meters Acceleration Sprint Test. The data collected data from the three groups prior to and immediately after the training programme on the selected criterion variables were statistically analyzed with dependent ‘t’ test and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Whenever the ‘F’ ratio for adjusted posttest means was found to be significant, Scheffe’s test was followed as a post hoc test to determine which of the paired mean differences were significant. In all the cases 0.05 level of confidence was fixed as a level of confidence to test the hypotheses. The results of the study showed that there was a significant difference was found among the experimental groups. Small and advanced to large muscle group exercises (SM-LG) group is found to be better than other groups in developing Speed, Stride Length and Acceleration Speed.

Background: Anaemia is a common and clinically significant complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD) that contributes to cardiovascular morbidity and accelerated disease progression. Diabetes mellitus (DM), a leading cause of CKD has been independently associated with a higher prevalence and greater severity of anaemia. Objective: To compare the prevalence and severity of anaemia between diabetic and non-diabetic CKD patients and to identify independent predictors of moderate-to-severe anaemia in this population. Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Nephrology, Tangail Medical College and Hospital, Tangail, Bangladesh, from June 2024 to May 2025. A total of 348 patients with CKD were enrolled, including 174 diabetic CKD patients and 174 age- and sex-comparable non-diabetic CKD patients. Anaemia was defined according to World Health Organization (WHO) sex-specific hemoglobin (Hb) cut-offs (<13 g/dL in males and <12 g/dL in females) and further classified as mild, moderate or severe. Data were analyzed and compared by statistical tests. Results: Diabetic CKD patients were significantly older (59.2±10.2 versus 55.8±11.7 years; p= 0.005) and had a more advanced CKD stage distribution (56.9% versus 42.5% in Stage 4-5; p<0.001). Mean hemoglobin was significantly lower in the diabetic group (10.04±1.89 versus 11.16±2.04 g/dL; p<0.001), and anaemia was significantly more prevalent (87.4% versus 71.3%; p<0.001), with a significant shift toward moderate-to-severe grades (48.9% versus 27.6%; p<0.001). Diabetic status remained an independent predictor of moderate-to-severe anaemia after adjustment for CKD stage, age and disease duration [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.24, 95% CI 1.36–3.68; p= 00.001], with CKD Stage 4-5 the strongest predictor (AOR 6.32, 95% CI 3.81–10.48; p<0.001). Conclusion: Diabetic CKD patients demonstrated significantly higher prevalence and severity of anaemia than non-diabetic CKD patients, which is independent of CKD stages. Routine, regular hemoglobin screening should be incorporated into the clinical management of diabetic CKD patients.

This review synthesizes evidence on the effectiveness of the World Athletics Kids’ Athletics Programme in improving motor competence, physical fitness and psychosocial outcomes among school-aged children (typically aged 6–12 years). The results indicate consistent positive effects of the programme on running speed, agility and object control skills compared to standard physical education or no intervention, with small-to-medium effect sizes. Evidence for improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness and upper-body strength was less robust, with mixed findings. Psychosocially, the programme demonstrated moderate improvements in enjoyment of physical activity and perceived athletic competence, but no significant effects on long-term behavioural outcomes such as sustained participation. Heterogeneity in intervention duration (4–24 weeks), delivery agents (teachers vs. coaches), and outcome measures limited the comparability of some findings. Overall, the World Athletics Kids’ Athletics Programme appears effective for enhancing selected motor and physical fitness components and fostering positive attitudes towards running-based activities in the short term, though longer-term and psychosocial impacts remain less certain. High-quality, cluster-randomized trials with follow-up assessments are needed to strengthen the evidence base.

Social media has become deeply integrated into students’ daily lives, extending beyond social use into informal academic practices, including self-assessment. This study examines how EFL students at a university use social media to assess their own academic abilities, the extent to which they engage in academic social comparison through these platforms, and the difficulties they encounter in doing so. A mixed-methods approach was employed, using an online questionnaire comprising closed and open-ended questions administered to 133 students. Quantitative findings revealed that the majority of students used social media for academic self-assessment on a frequent basis, with YouTube and WhatsApp emerging as the most commonly used platforms. While social comparison was a common practice among students, it was not strongly associated with increased motivation or academic confidence. Qualitative findings further revealed that students primarily used social media for comprehension checks, language practice, and peer feedback, while also reporting challenges related to distraction, unreliable information, and negative social comparison. These findings suggest that social media functions as an informal, self-directed space for academic self-assessment, one that offers meaningful opportunities for reflection and feedback but also carries risks that may undermine effective learning if left unaddressed. The study is limited by its focus on EFL students at a single university and its reliance on self-reported data, and future research should extend to larger, more diverse samples across multiple institutions and disciplines. The findings nonetheless highlight the need for greater digital literacy support and suggest that educators consider ways to intentionally integrate informal social media practices into formal academic guidance.

Withaferin A (WA), a bioactive compound derived from the Ashwagandha plant, has been recognized for its anticancer properties. We tested various concentrations of WA, Fluvastatin (FLU), and their combinations (ranging from 0 to 160 µM) for their potential regulatory effects on colon cancer cells (Caco-2 cell line) and non-tumorigenic colon cells (NCM-460). Our results showed that at lower concentrations (around10 µM), WA significantly impacted colon cancer cells, showing minimal toxicity to normal cells (NCM-460). However, at higher concentrations, FLU selectively inhibited cancer cell proliferation, with noticeable toxicity to both cancerous and normal cells. Additionally, WA treatment led to a time and dose-dependent decrease in the production of IL-1β and TNF-α. Along with these effects, the downregulation of ERK and EGF gene expression was observed across all treatments. Additionally, docking analysis revealed the potential regulatory role of WA and its interaction with aspartate aminotransferase, in comparison to the docking data for FLU, which serves as a standard inhibitor for aspartate aminotransferase. These findings suggest that WA can inhibit cell proliferation signaling by targeting ERK and EGF, thereby promoting programmed cell death (PCD) in treated cells. These data also demonstrate that WA, whether alone or in combination with other compounds, can regulate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in treated cells.