Background: Fibrous dysplasia (FD) of bone is a rare sporadic benign congenital condition in which normal bone is replaced by fibro-osseous tissue with immature osteogenesis. Sarcomatous transformation is exceptional. The most common presenting features in craniofacial forms include atypical facial pain and headaches. Case Presentations: we report here 2 cases, that of a 36 year old male and of a 43 female, who both presented with a similar history of headaches. The male patient refused surgery so removal of the diseased bone was not an option. However, as the limited growth of this lesion have been established, only further, albeit close, observation was planned. The female patient underwent a successful removal of her tumour through an endoscopic approach. At the 1.5 year follow-up, she remains disease free. Conclusion: craniofacial fibrous dysplasia can present itself in myriad ways, therefore, the diagnosis should always be considered in case of headache, neuralgia or sensory disorders. Modern imaging modalities and histopathologic analysis have made the diagnosis reasonably straightforward. A medico-surgical approach is useful for these patients. Surgery ―when indicated― is tailored to the specific clinical presentation. The goal is to be as minimally invasive as possible while still achieving the desired outcome, prioritizing the preservation of existing function.

Out of all the several types of gastro-retentive drug delivery systems, floating drug delivery is thought to be the most efficient and effective system. Enhancing the bioavailability of medications with a stomach absorption window is mostly dependent on two key parameters: short gastric residence times (GRT) and variable gastric emptying times (GET). The floating drug delivery method is a low-density system that can be either non-effervescent or effervescent, but it must have enough buoyancy to pass over the contents of the stomach and stay buoyant there for an extended period of time without slowing down the stomach's rate of emptying. Drugs that are unstable in the lower intestine environment, have a limited absorption window in the upper gastrointestinal tract, are lowly soluble at higher pH levels, and are active locally can be delivered via the floating drug delivery system approach. The physiological and formulation factors influencing stomach retention time are included in the latest advancements in floating drugs delivery systems. Bringing together the most recent research on classification, factors influencing the stomach residence time of floating drug delivery system, and the benefits and drawbacks of application mechanisms of action is the fundamental objective of crafting this review study.

The impact of endometrial thickness on pregnancy rates in women undergoing IVF with donor oocytes has significant implications for public health. Successful implantation during in vitro fertilization (IVF) is crucially dependent on both a healthy endometrium and a viable blastocyst. The measurement of endometrial thickness (EMT) via ultrasound scan has emerged as a non-invasive means to evaluate endometrial receptivity. Nonetheless, its significance in clinical practice for women using donor oocytes remains unclear. This study aims to examine how endometrial thickness influences pregnancy outcomes in women undergoing IVF with donor oocytes in Makurdi, with the goal of providing valuable insights for public health action. We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 265 women who underwent IVF and embryo transfer using donor oocytes. Participants were divided into three groups based on their EMT: Group 1 (EMT < 7 mm), Group 2 (EMT between 7 - 14 mm), and Group 3 (EMT > 14 mm). Key demographic and clinical data—including age, height, weight, number of oocytes transferred, and pregnancy rates—were gathered and analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. Statistical methods included Student’s t-test for continuous variables, Pearson’s Chi-square (χ²) test for categorical data, logistic regression to control for confounding factors, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis to evaluate the predictive value of EMT. The average age of participants was 42.4 years, with chemical and clinical pregnancy rates recorded at 75.5% and 53.6%, respectively. Notable findings include a significant association between age and clinical pregnancy rates (p = 0.008). While other factors such as parity, BMI, previous IVF cycles, hormone treatments, and embryo grading did not show a significant relationship with pregnancy outcomes but endometrial thickness demonstrated a significant correlation (p = 0.000). Specifically, pregnancy rates were lower for women with EMT < 7.0 mm (37.3%) compared to those with EMT between 7 - 14 mm (49.0%) and > 14 mm (51.7%). Logistic regression confirmed that age-adjusted EMT significantly impacts pregnancy outcomes. ROC curve analysis revealed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.63, with an EMT cut-off value of 8.0 mm providing a sensitivity of 75.4% and a specificity of 48.8%. These findings highlight the significant influence of endometrial thickness on clinical pregnancy rates in IVF cycles using donor oocytes. While increased EMT correlates with improved outcomes, its overall predictive accuracy is limited. The results advocate for personalized approaches in IVF treatment protocols, emphasizing informed decision-making among healthcare providers and patients. Recognizing the importance of endometrial thickness in reproductive health can inform public health initiatives aimed at enhancing awareness of IVF practices among potential candidates, tailoring IVF treatments based on individual patient profiles, and promoting research into factors affecting endometrial receptivity. Ultimately, these efforts can lead to improved pregnancy rates and reproductive success in assisted reproductive technologies.

Background: Oil spillage is a global issue that has been occurring since the discovery of crude oil, which was part of the industrial revolution. The volume of oil spillage in the ocean, sea, river through human activities is estimated to range from 0.7 – 1.7 million tons per year in Niger Delta region. This study assessed the attitude towards oil spillage among fishermen in Biseni community of Bayelsa State. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in Biseni community of Yenagoa LGA. Three hundred and fifty-eight respondents were selected from the community using systemic random sampling technique. A semi- structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data entry was carried out using SPSS version 16. Results: Three hundred and thirty-eight (94.4%) of the respondents identified corrosion due to soil factors as a major cause of oil spillage, 84.1% attributed oil spillage to unemployment, 86.3% sabotage by surveillances contractors and 85.2% by pipeline vandalism as factors responsible for oil spillage. Majority of the respondents (98.0%) identified water pollution as the major effect of oil spillage on aquatic life. Three hundred and forty-seven (96.9%) of the respondents identified health problem and mainly skin rash (32.0%) as the major effect of oil spillage on fishermen while other effect include reduction in income (95.5%). Perceived justification of respondents for oil spillage include unemployment (91.9%), increasing the rate of kidnapping (79.6%), lack of compensation (80.4%), relocation (35.8%), driving people away from their original settlement (91.9%) and buying of water for drinking and domestic uses (70.4%). Conclusion: Biseni community has experienced serious degradation due to oil exploitation and exploration activities that has resulted in oil spillage. Oil spillage has caused displacement of people, involuntary migration, destruction of wildlife and biodiversity, loss of fertile soil, Pollution of drinking water, degradation of farmland and damage to aquatic lives, all of which have caused serious health problems to the fishermen. It was also confirmed from the respondents that they were not compensated for the damage of their farms and water for fishing.

Oxidative stress is acknowledged as a significant contributor to the initiation and advancement of Diabetes Mellitus and its associated consequences. Consequently, antioxidant-based treatment approaches have garnered heightened interest in diabetes research. Detarium Senegalense (DS), a plant extensively used in traditional West African medicine, has antidiabetic and antioxidant characteristics. The present study therefore assessed and compared the antioxidant potential of fractionalized extracts of Detarium Senegalense in diabetic Wistar rat models. Male Wistar rats, with weights ranging from 150-200 grams, were deployed and randomly separated, with each of the 6 different groups having 7 rats per group. The first group took just water and ordinary feed (control), while groups 2-6 were subjected to streptozotocin (ST-Z) induction (60 mg/kg intraperitoneally). Group 2 was the control and received 60mg/kg streptozocin only intraperitonially, group 3 received ST-Z and 50mg/kg metformin (MET-F). Group 4, 5 and 6 received 250 mg/kg each of D. Senegalense (DS) extracts of ethyl acetate (DS_EA), N-hexane (DS_HE), and chloroform (DS_CE) respectively. Fasting blood glucose levels, Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Malondialdehyde (MD-A), Catalase (CATL), were assessed and compared weekly over a 10-week period, before and after therapy. The experimental animals exhibited superior antioxidant bioactivity compared to control animals. Diabetic rats demonstrated a substantial elevation in MD-A, a depletion in CATL along with SOD. Administration of 250mg/kg each of hexane (DS_HE), ethyl acetate (DS_EA) as well as chloroform fractions (DS_CE) derived from the ethanol extract from the bark of the stem in conjunction with 50mg/kg of the anti-diabetic drug metformin (MET), substantially decreased MD-A levels while enhancing CATL and SOD, with the ethyl acetate extract demonstrating the greatest efficiency. The DS extract exhibited considerable antioxidant capabilities, substantiating its use in traditional medicine.

Treatment of wastewater from heavy metal pollutants still remains a serious challenge for some developing countries without centralized waste water systems. The study examines the potentials of raw and nano composite from Spondias mombin seed as an adsorbent for removal of lead (II) ions from contaminated water. Instrumental techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR), and Atomic absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) were used to characterize the absorbents. The study analyzed the effect of various factors including absorbent dosage (0.2 – 1.0g), lead concentration (100-300 mg), contact time (30-180 min), pH (2-10) and temperature (30-50°C) respectively, on the absorption of pb2+ ions. The experimental findings revealed that the adsorbents have high absorption capacity and high percentage removal for the removal of pb2+ ions from aqueous solutions. Absorption isotherm kinetic models and thermodynamic studies were applied to access the absorption mechanism of lead (II) ion removal. The Langmuir absorption isotherm and pseudo-second-order model were found to fit the equilibrium data for nano composite while Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-first-order fitted the equilibrium data for raw fruit. According to the results obtained, a linear model was generated which indicated good predictability and the results agreed with the experimental data. The contact time and absorbent dosage were predicted to have a positive effect on the absorption process. However, after the investigation on the efficiency of raw and nano composite of Spondias mombin fruit on the removal of lead (II) ion from aqueous solutions as the impact of different variables were investigated. The study showed that the raw and modified adsorbents can be considered effective adsorbent for the removal of lead metal ions from wastewater by varying some basic parameters. The physiochemical properties of the absorbent were analyzed and the results obtained confirmed the adsorption potentials of the raw and nano composite. The removal efficiencies of both adsorbents on the Pb2+ ion were strongly dependent on their contact time, initial metal ion concentration, absorbent dosage, pH and temperature. The Langmuir isotherm model was well fitted to the experimental data, indicating that the two absorbents were effective in removing Pb2+ ions from aqueous solutions with low absorption energy. The experimental data of Pb2+ ions adsorption by raw and nano composit adsorbents studied were fitted with the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic model respectively, revealing that adsorption occurs by physiosorptions and chemisorptions technique. The thermodynamic data showed that the adsorption process was exothermic, spontaneous and feasible in nature. Therefore, this work exposed the possible removal of lead (II) ions by raw and nano composite from agro waste of Spondias mombin from wastewater, which is generally a low cost agro waste.

The British East India Company used the enormous sums of money produced by the provinces under its control to buy Indian commodities, raw resources, and spices. The company's political clout in India steadily grew starting in 1757. India saw frequent famines, widespread poverty, a high percentage of illiteracy, and one of the lowest life expectancies in the world. Objective: Examining India's economic situation under the British Crown rule after East India Company rule is the study's goal. Method and Materials: The study is based on a wide range of published and unpublished research articles, papers, books, government reports, etc. Results and Discussion: There are so many Causes of the 1857–1858 Revolt. The so-called Indian Mutiny of 1857 served as the impetus for Britain's move from East India Company to Crown administration through the Government of India Act of 1858. Conclusion: India's economy was looted for British profits during the British Crown's dominion, which resulted in deindustrialization, agricultural crises, trade exploitation, and pervasive poverty. By the time India gained independence in 1947, its economy was weak and in poverty as a result of British policies that hampered its growth.

It occurs the increasing production of the agro-industrial waste which is a great environmental problem that we need to face. Through a critical review of recent successes (2023–2024) in green extraction technologies for conversion of agro-waste to valuable bioactive compounds for use in the food and nutraceutical sectors, this study is conducted. The paper focuses on polyphenols, flavonoids and essential oils from their corresponding agro-waste sources by extraction using non-thermal techniques, namely; pulsed electric field (PEF), ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) using deep eutedic solvents (DES) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE-CO₂). Synergistic experiments on emerging hybrid methods of enzyme assisted microwave extraction (EA-MAE) and ohmic heating combined with solvent free extraction to enhance yield but preserve compound integrity are explored. The use of the artificial neural networks (ANN) and genetic algorithms are discussed within the context of extraction process optimization integration of artificial intelligence (ai) models. Plant based proteins, natural preservatives, nanoemulsions, probiotic synbiotics from agro-waste and its valorization pathways are reviewed focusing on the utilization of the plant-based proteins in the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals. The feasibility of these technologies is assessed using sustainability metric, such as life cycle assessment (LCA), regulatory challenge and economic viability. Then, future directions of the paper are outlined, namely the integration of zero waste and higher consumer acceptance of upcycled products to promote a circular bioeconomy.

Vitamin D has been associated with the regulation of bone metabolism. However, increasing evidence demonstrates a strong association between vitamin D signaling and many biological processes to that immunostimulatory and immunomodulatory effects on the immune system. the presence of the vitamin D receptor in multiple immune cells, such as monocytes, dendritic cells, and activated T cells, vitamin D with a novel role in modulating immunological functions and its subsequent role in the development or prevention of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus Erythematosus, Type-1 Diabetes mellitus and multiple sclerosis. In the present review, the multiple and diverse effects of vitamin D on the immune system are reviewed.

The trace metal zinc is essential in all types of organisms, where it has many catalytic, structural and regulatory functions. Zinc homeostasis in cells and organelles is maintained by various types of zinc transport protein. These include Cation Diffusion Facilitator (CDF) family proteins, which export zinc to the extracellular space or to the cytoplasm. Homologous CDF proteins are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, where the human variants are the ZnTs or SLC30 family. One of the first and best characterised prokaryotic CDFs is the Escherichia coli zinc exporter ZitB, which is driven by the proton motive force in an antiport manner. In this article we provide an analytical review and expand on the biochemical and computational characterisation of ZitB and assess its potential for high-resolution three-dimensional structure determination. Consistent with structures determined for other CDF proteins (YiiP, ZnTs 3, 4, 7 and 8), the 313 residues of ZitB are predicted to form six transmembrane spanning α-helices with a long cytoplasmic C-terminal tail. An unusual feature of ZitB is an exceptionally high (8.0%) content of histidine residues. Using the IPTG-inducible plasmid pTTQ18, we demonstrate the cloning and amplified expression in E. coli of non-tagged, wild-type ZitB at levels of ~15% of total protein in preparations of inner membranes. ZitB was solubilised in the mild detergent n-dodecyl-β-D-maltoside (DDM) and purified by immobilised metal affinity chromatography in yields of ~1.8 mg per litre of culture medium. The structural integrity of purified ZitB was confirmed by mass spectrometry and circular dichroism spectroscopy.

AI is rapidly transforming the landscape of general dental practice by enhancing diagnostic accuracy, offering innovative treatment strategies, and streamlining administrative workflows. This descriptive review explores the latest advancements in AI within dentistry. Machine learning models, trained on extensive datasets of dental images, have shown remarkable accuracy in the early detection of dental conditions such as caries, periodontal diseases, and tooth structure anomalies. These tools enable timely interventions, improving clinical outcomes while reducing the burden on dental healthcare systems. Furthermore, AI facilitates the development of personalized treatment plans by integrating patient-specific data, including genetic markers and health histories. On the administrative front, AI-powered systems improve efficiency through automated appointment scheduling, billing, and electronic health record management, thereby allowing clinicians to devote more attention to direct patient care.

The preformulation study begins with the introduction of a novel chemical. It involves the analysis of physical, chemical, analytical, and medicinal properties related to molecules and provides guidance on suitable alterations to improve molecular efficacy. The examination of preformulation parameters pertains to the creation of effective, safe, stable, and reliable pharmaceutical formulations. Terbutaline is a selective β2 adrenergic receptor agonist often utilised in the acute and long-term management of bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and other chronic obstructive pulmonary disorders characterised by reversible bronchial hyperreactivity. Terbutaline sulphate is a short-acting bronchodilator that can be administered orally, parenterally, or by inhalation. The principal objective of the preformulation research of terbutaline is to generate knowledge that facilitates the creation of stable and bioavailable dosage forms.

Introduction: One key aspect of fetal assessment is the measurement of amniotic fluid volume (AFV) which has been linked to various pregnancy complications. Postdated pregnancies those extending beyond 40 weeks of gestation present significant risks such as fetal distress, oligohydramnios, meconium staining, macrosomia and fetal post-maturity syndrome. Management of these pregnancies varies with some advocating expectant monitoring while others recommend induction of labor to mitigate risks. Ultrasound assessments like the amniotic fluid index (AFI) are crucial in guiding decisions about timing and mode of delivery, balancing the risks of prolonged pregnancy with those of premature birth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the AFI in postdated pregnancies and assess the associated maternal and fetal outcomes at Pravara Rural Hospital (PRH), Loni. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at PRH, Loni with a sample size of 220 postdated pregnant women over two years. The inclusion criteria were women aged 18-35 years with a single live intrauterine gestation, cephalic presentation, and gestational age >40 weeks, who provided informed consent. The women underwent history-taking, obstetric examination and investigations including ultrasound and fetal Doppler. Delivery outcomes, including Apgar scores, birth weight, NICU admissions, and perinatal follow-up were recorded. Results: Among 220 participants, 92.72% were under 20 years old, with a mean age of 19.49 ± 1.44 years. Meconium-stained liquor occurred in 55.91% of cases. Most deliveries were vaginal (79.55%), followed by LSCS (16.36%). The mean birth weight was 3.03 ± 0.37 kg with 50.45% of infants having an Apgar <7. Maternal complications included atonic PPH (2.73%) and perineal tear (2.27%). Fetal complications included meconium aspiration syndrome (4.09%) and perinatal mortality (4.09%). Conclusion: Postdated pregnancies carry significant risks. Early assessment and

This study examines fitness consumption through the lens of social discipline and embodied practices, analyzing how individuals construct their identity in relation to an ideal body. Using a mixed-methods approach that includes questionnaire surveys and interviews, the study finds that fitness consumption is shaped by geographical location, information access, and social circle dynamics. Women and highly educated individuals show a stronger preference for personal training services. Women’s engagement is largely driven by societal expectations of physical appearance, whereas highly educated individuals view personal training as a status symbol. Additionally, social circle influences significantly impact men’s fitness consumption, highlighting gendered expectations. The study reveals that fitness consumption extends beyond health pursuits, serving as an expression of social status and values.

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are common health issues affecting workers across various industries. These disorders include conditions like back pain, neck strain, shoulder problems, and repetitive strain injuries, often caused by prolonged poor posture, repetitive movements, or heavy physical work. The prevalence of WMSDs varies globally but is generally high, especially among occupations involving manual labor, desk work, or tasks requiring repetitive motions. Studies indicate that a significant percentage of workers experience discomfort or injury at some point in their careers, leading to substantial personal and economic consequences. The impact of WMSDs on quality of life can be profound. Workers suffering from these conditions often experience chronic pain, reduced mobility, and decreased productivity. These physical limitations can lead to emotional distress, loss of job satisfaction, and social isolation. Moreover, the ongoing health issues can increase healthcare costs and result in work absenteeism or disability. Addressing the prevalence and impact of WMSDs is crucial to improving workers' well-being, enhancing productivity, and reducing associated healthcare burdens