This study presents a comparative evaluation of Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA)-based extractive summarization against traditional statistical and neural approaches using cosine similarity as the principal evaluation metric. The methodology involves implementing an LSA summarizer on structured textual data, particularly a speech document, and analysing its performance relative to Naïve Bayes and Rank Net-based models. Key evaluation criteria include precision, recall, F1 score, and semantic similarity between original and summarized texts. Results show that while LSA marginally trails neural models in performance, it significantly outperforms traditional approaches and offers advantages in interpretability, computational efficiency, and adaptability. The study also explores how sentence scoring within the semantic space contributes to summary quality, as well as the effect of summary length on content retention. Visual data representations support these findings and highlight the model’s semantic focus. Recommendations suggest using LSA in low-resource settings or as part of hybrid systems. Future research directions include expanding to multi-document and multilingual summarization, as well as integrating sentence compression. Overall, LSA is reaffirmed as a viable, adaptable, and efficient summarization method suitable for various real-world applications.

In order to effectively address the long-standing issue of Chinese Cultural Aphasia among English learners in China, this paper builds a “Three Inclusions” model of the Integrated English Course for undergraduate English majors under the guidance of POA theory. Taking Xi Jinping: The Governance of China as a starting point and POA theory as a guide, the paper redesigns the Integrated English Course across the board to achieve multi-dimensional integrated teaching path that combines concepts, textbooks, strategies, and evaluation. The whole teaching design can make up for the lack of discussion on Chinese culture and social reality in English teaching, strengthening the national conditions awareness of English major students, and enhancing their ability to tell China's stories well and spread China's voice well. Finally, "Equal Opportunity, Our National Myth" written by Joseph Stiglitz is selected for case study to demonstrate the specific implementation path for POA’s three phases of motivating, enabling and assessing.

Ergonomics is an interdisciplinary field that studies the relationship between people and various systems, aiming to improve human welfare and optimize system efficiency. In dentistry, ergonomics plays a critical role in sustaining clinicians' competence, efficiency, and ability to deliver high-quality treatment throughout their careers. Given the confined working field of the oral cavity, which demands precision within mere millimetres and careful force application, dental professionals are required to maintain static postures that involve prolonged muscle contraction, often engaging nearly 50% of their musculature. This physical strain, if unmanaged, can lead to various musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), compromising both practitioner health and patient care. This review aims to consolidate current literature on dental ergonomics, risk factors, the development of MSDs and techniques to improve ergonomics.

Background: Chronic illnesses are increasingly prevalent worldwide and often coexist with psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety, which negatively impact patients’ quality of life, treatment adherence, and clinical outcomes. Despite this burden, data on the prevalence of depression and anxiety among hospitalized chronic illness patients in Bangladesh, especially in tertiary care, remain limited. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression and anxiety among chronic illness patients admitted into medicine department at Al Haramain Hospital, Sylhet and to explore associated demographic and clinical factors. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2023 to March 2024 where 302 adult patients were diagnosed with chronic diseases. Depression and anxiety were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scales. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected through structured interviews and medical records. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results: Among patients, 38.4% were aged over 60 years, and 53.6% were male. Diabetes Mellitus (35.8%) and Hypertension (31.8%) were the most common chronic illnesses. Most patients (43.0%) had illness duration exceeding five years. Depression was identified in 72.2% of patients, predominantly mild (31.8%) and moderate (24.5%). Anxiety was present in 68.2%, mainly mild (33.8%) and moderate (21.2%). Females had higher rates of depression (76.4%) and anxiety (71.4%) than males. Depression prevalence increased with illness duration, reaching 78.5% among those ill for over five years, and was highest in patients with chronic kidney disease (81%) and diabetes (76.9%). Overall, 47.4% experienced mental health issues; 20.5% had both depression and anxiety. Conclusion: Routine mental health screening and integrated interventions are urgently needed in chronic illness care to improve outcomes and quality of life. Multidisciplinary approaches including mental health professionals are recommended, alongside further multicenter research to develop culturally appropriate interventions in Bangladesh.

The purpose of this study was to assess the demographic, clinical, and haematological characteristics of women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) compared to normotensive pregnant individuals during their third trimester. It was a cross-sectional study involving 270 women with HDP and 270 normotensive individuals admitted to the maternity unit at Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital in South Africa. The definition of HDP followed the International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy guidelines. Blood pressure was measured using an automated device and blood samples were collected for measurement of haemoglobin, platelet count, creatinine, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The median age was 27 years while the youngest and oldest were 15 years and 46 years respectively. The unemployment rate was higher among women with HDP compared to normotensive individuals (p = 0.017). HIV prevalence showed no significant difference (p > 0.05). Hypertensive cases had higher median pulse rates [87(74-98) vs 82 (IQR:67-95) b/m, p = 0.023] and lower median platelet counts [(230 (IQR:159-281) vs 240 (IQR:192-293) x109/L, p = 0.009). Additionally, hypertensive cases had significantly (p < 0.0001) higher median levels of urea (3 vs 2 mmol/L), creatinine (60 vs 50 umol/L), AST (28 vs 21 u/L), ALT (14 vs 11 u/L), and LDH (383 vs 270 u/L).In conclusion, women with HDP exhibit distinct clinical and haematological differences compared to normotensive controls, highlighting the importance of careful monitoring for patients with HDP to mitigate potential complications.

When capital consultants invest in a business, they are likely to bear risks, especially property risks. The law has provided clear regulations on the property responsibilities of consultants, specifically members of limited liability companies and shareholders of joint stock companies. Accordingly, the property liability regime is a type of civil liability that members of a limited liability company and shareholders of a joint stock company may have to bear when contributing capital to the company. Although this is a liability regime, it is also a guarantee and a manifestation of the state's viewpoint and attitude toward investors. This liability regime includes two types: liability for the company's debts and property obligations within the scope of the capital contributed to the company, also known as the limited liability regime and the "personal" property liability regime arising in some special cases as prescribed by law.

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Gout is a metabolic condition characterized by recurrent episodes of acute arthritis, primarily resulting from the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in and around the joints. Recognized as one of the oldest known diseases, it is referred to as Niqris in the Unani system of medicine. This system is based on the Hippocratic concept of the four humours (Akhlāṭ): Dam (blood), Balgham (phlegm), Ṣafrā’ (yellow bile), and Sawdā’(black bile). According to Unani medicine, such disorders arise from an imbalance of these humours, alteration in Mizāj’(temperament), and the accumulation of abnormal substances (Mawad-e-Fasida) in the joint spaces. Classical Unani physicians believed that Niqris typically affects individuals who have an excessive buildup of abnormal humours and are unable to eliminate them from the body. These retained substances settle in the joints, set off inflammatory responses marked by sharp pain, swelling, redness, and heat. This study aims to analyze the Unani perspective on the etiopathogenesis and clinical features of gout, as documented in classical texts, research articles, and manuscripts. The findings highlight the depth of Unani medical understanding and its potential role in guiding effective preventive and therapeutic strategies for the management of gout.

Background: Preterm labor remains a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Emerging evidence suggests that maternal iron status, particularly elevated serum ferritin levels, may be associated with preterm labor through mechanisms involving inflammation or oxidative stress. Methods: This case-control study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, from June 2022 to May 2023. A total of 88 pregnant women were enrolled, with 44 cases in the preterm labor group and 44 in the term labor (control) group. Maternal serum ferritin levels were measured and compared between the two groups. Sociodemographic and obstetric data were also analyzed. Statistical significance was determined using appropriate tests, with a p-value < 0.05 considered significant. Results: The mean maternal age was 25.59 ± 5.80 years in the preterm labor group and 24.56 ± 5.41 years in the term group (p = 0.076). A higher proportion of preterm labor cases were multiparous (59.1%), whereas most term deliveries were in primiparous women (52.3%), though this was not statistically significant (p = 0.285). Serum ferritin levels were significantly elevated in the preterm labor group (89.09 ± 106.07 ng/mL) compared to the term group (32.13 ± 31.40 ng/mL), with a p-value of 0.004. A significant negative correlation was found between ferritin levels and gestational age (r = -0.313, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Elevated maternal serum ferritin levels are significantly associated with preterm labor and inversely correlated with gestational age. Serum ferritin may serve as a potential biomarker for identifying women at risk of preterm delivery.

Occipital encephalocele, a rare congenital malformation resulting from defective neural tube closure, accounts for 20.4% of cerebral encephaloceles, with surgical repair being the only effective treatment. This retrospective study presents four cases diagnosed at Mohammed VI University Hospital in Marrakech, highlighting prognostic variability based on lesion characteristics. The four patients, who had not received periconceptional folic acid supplementation and had inadequate prenatal follow-up, were incidentally diagnosed between 34 and 39 weeks of gestation. The first case involved an isolated encephalocele containing only cerebellar herniation, surgically treated on day 5 with a favorable outcome despite mild neurodevelopmental delay. The second case presented a massive encephalocele associated with spina bifida and clubfoot, requiring combined neurosurgical and orthopedic management, resulting in moderate sensorimotor deficits. The third case exhibited a giant encephalocele with severe cerebral herniation and secondary microcephaly, while the fourth case showed associated craniofacial anomalies; both of these latter cases resulted in early neonatal demise. This study underscores several key aspects: the importance of ultrasound as an initial screening tool, supplemented by fetal MRI for precise prognostic evaluation; the critical need for early multidisciplinary management involving obstetricians, radiologists, neurosurgeons, and pediatricians; and the essential role of periconceptional folic acid supplementation, particularly in populations at risk of nutritional deficiency or consanguinity.

This research presents a comprehensive thermal and structural evaluation of a newly developed aluminium matrix composite reinforced with selected agricultural by-products—palm kernel shell, bamboo fibre, rice husk, and groundnut shell—using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) within the ANSYS 2025 environment. Aluminium scrap served as the matrix material in the composite fabrication. The experimental design followed a D-Optimal mixture approach, yielding twenty-five specimen combinations, each tested thrice, with mean values recorded. Specimen fabrication employed the stir casting technique. Optimization of process parameters and response outcomes was performed using Design Expert software. The composite model was developed using SOLIDWORKS for subsequent simulation analysis. Results from the thermal and structural simulations indicate a fatigue life of 1 × 10⁶ cycles. The computed maximum and minimum total heat fluxes were 1.8122 × 10⁶ W/m² and 1.515 × 10⁶ W/m², respectively, while the fatigue damage factor reached 1000. The safety factor varied between 4.836 and 15. Temperature values ranged from 23.685°C to 170.000°C. The composite exhibited equivalent elastic strain values between 1.054 × 10⁻⁶ and 2.9051 × 10⁻⁵. Directional deformation along the x-axis ranged from –2.5905 × 10⁻⁷ m to 2.5889 × 10⁻⁷ m. Equivalent (Von-Mises) stress was recorded between 1.3224 × 10⁵ Pa and 5.8104 × 10⁷ Pa, while total deformation ranged from 0.0000 m to 2.5912 × 10⁻⁷ m. These findings underscore the mechanical and thermal reliability of the developed composite material for engineering applications under variable thermal and mechanical loads.

This study examines the juridical aspects of cyber defamation against state officials through internet media in Semarang, Indonesia, with a focus on the enforcement practices of the Central Java Regional Police (Polda Jateng). The research aims to analyze the phenomenon, legal challenges, and potential solutions to cyber defamation, which undermines the authority of state officials and public trust in governance. Employing a qualitative juridical approach, the study combines normative legal analysis with a case study of Polda Jateng’s handling of defamation cases. Data were collected through legal document reviews, including Indonesia’s Electronic Information and Transaction Law (UU ITE) and Constitutional Court rulings, alongside interviews with law enforcement officials. Findings reveal that cyber defamation is driven by public dissatisfaction, political conflicts, and legal ignorance, exacerbated by the broad interpretation of UU ITE’s defamation provisions. The study highlights the tension between protecting state officials and safeguarding freedom of expression, as excessive use of UU ITE risks criminalizing legitimate criticism. Proposed solutions include preventive education on internet ethics, stricter enforcement protocols, and enhanced victim support mechanisms. This research contributes to the development of criminal law and information law, offering practical recommendations for balancing state authority and individual rights in the digital age.

The three-year course of the Ukrainian war suggests one possibility. Mathematical models can be used to calculate or predict complex and large-scale coalition wars. A mathematical model created in 2022 suggests that the Ukrainian war will be a long-term struggle in the area between the L1 and the L2 line. This model also assumes a high-risk scenario. In the future of 2026, if there is a full-scale war between the US alliance and the Chinese alliance in East Asia, it will be difficult for the US alliance to win. If this model is verified again in 2026, the mathematical model can be used to predict a large-scale coalition war.

Background: Ischaemia or infarction occurring due to Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) causes left ventricular systolic and Diastolic dysfunction (DD). DM speeds up the process of coronary atherosclerosis as well as functional and structural cardiac impairments, exhibiting DD at the early stages. Severity of CAD is best assessed by coronary Angiography (CAG). Early diagnosis of this condition is warranted as the mortality risk from it is high. The objective of this study was to detect the CAD in diabetic chronic stable angina with grade IV DD. Material and Methods: 74 Diabetic patients with chronic stable angina with grade-IV diastolic dysfunction were included in this cross-sectional observation study which was done in department of Cardiology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2023 to June 2024. Results: 32 (43.24%) subjects in rural and 42 (56.75%) subjects in urban areas. Proportion of males was 55%. Mean age of study population was (43 + 4.50) years. Mean age(57+7.0 vs 40+8.21years) in rural was significantly higher than urban subjects. 69 (51.06%) were SOB, 26 (19.24%) were tachycardic, 14 (10.36%) had bradycardia, 59 (43.66%) had hypotension, 21(15.54%) had raised JVP, 19(14.06%) had basal crepitation, 19(14.06%) had dependent oedema, 7(5.18%) had hepatomegaly and only 6(4.44%) had Ascites. Most of the dyspneic patients were in NYHA III stage. Around 30% patients were right dominant coronary artery. Most patients had significant stenosis in both LAD and LCX. About one third patients had insignificant stenosis in RCA. Conclusion: There is a relationship between coronary artery disease and Grade IV DD.

Politics is an essential element of a country. Bangladesh is no different. Politics must work in a way that the people can get benefits from it and help them to improve their quality of life, address their concerns, and contribute to the development of a fair and just society. This study explores the existing connection between politics and corruption in Bangladesh, focusing on their underlying motives and objectives. It explores the corrupt practices of politicians in Bangladesh and their influence in public sectors’ corruption. A qualitative research approach is implied to get secondary data from investigative reports, newspaper articles, and research articles. The article goes through extensive case study analysis and finds out how the corruption is intertwined with politics. The findings of this study reveal that politicians leverage their positions for monetary gain, creating patronage networks, and the exercise of power and influence. The study also highlights how corruption undermines governance, disrupt services, and create inequality among the people of the country. The insights of the findings put emphasize for systemic reforms in anti-corruption commission, judiciary as well as to form independent oversight bodies and build citizen engagement to restore public trust and promote accountability.