In this study, Corporate Governance was examined to ascertain its impact on the Nigeria economy using some selected organizations from the south east region of Nigeria as its case study. The sources of the data used for this research were primary and secondary data. A total population of 12,319 people was eligible to participate in this research work. Three hundred and eighty seven (387) respondents were used for this study which was determined using Yaro Yamani sampling technique. Questionnaires were administered to the respondents; all were answered, completed and returned. The descriptive method was used to analyze the data generated for the research. This was supported by tables showing questions, responses of Yes or No, and their percentages. The hypothesis was tested using general regression analysis, goodness- of-fit, descriptive statistics and correlation statistical analysis. From the findings, many respondents were of opinion that corporate organizations operations improve in many forms/ways the Nigerian economy. This means that corporate governance to a large extent impact on the Nigeria economy.

The present study was aimed to develop the high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprint profile for methanol extracts of marine red alga Spyridia. fusiformis. A HPTLC method for the separation of the active constituents in extracts have been developed and TLC of these extracts on silica gel pre-coated aluminum plates by the automatic TLC applicator and using the solvent system n-hexane: ethyl acetate (60:40 v/v) was performed. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, triterpenes, tannins, saponins, glycosides, phenolic compounds and flavonoids. HPTLC finger print scanned at 350 nm from methanol extractof S. fusiformis revealed 7 peaks with Rf values in the range of 0.32 to 0.92. It can be concluded that HPTLC fingerprint analysis of methanol extract of marine red alga S.fusiformis a phytochemical marker.

Water („the elixir of life‟) is a basic need for life of all living organisms. Though the earth‟s water resources are abundant and renewable, 97% of water is saline and only 3% is fresh. Humans use water for 1. Agricultural, 2.Industrial, 3.Domestic, 4.Recreational and 5. Environmental activities and the vast majority of such uses require the less-abundant fresh water. As the world human population is growing and demands to support modern lifestyles are increasing, tremendous pressure is exerted on natural water resources leading to water stress and water crises. There is competition among nations and even among regions of a nation for the scarce water resources available. As agriculture accounts for an estimated 70% worldwide water use and rural India still predominantly depends on agriculture as the main source of income, suitable policies, strategies and plans to safeguard water resources need to be adopted for a sustainable and inclusive rural development. The present paper is basically a review of relevant literature. It shall: 1. focus on the world water scenario, 2. highlight the effect of water scarcity on sustainability and inclusiveness of development, 3. enumerate the available solutions for scientific and economic management of water resources and 4. elaborate the various attempts to tackle the water related problems by the Government of India with international assistance. The findings and conclusions may offer some useful hints, tips and guidance for nations of rest of the world to formulate their country-specific strategies of water management.

In order to minimize the use of expensive chemical fertilizers, this study investigate the potential of phosphate solubilization by bacterium isolated from soil which the most of the bacteria isolated from the soil have the ability to dissolve rock phosphates both in the soil and in the culture medium is well known. The microorganisms produce low molecular mass organic acids, which attack the phosphate structure and transform phosphorus from nonutilizable to the utilizable for the plants form. The objective of the present study is to study the factors affecting on dissolution of phosphate content in Abu Tartur phosphate ore by using bacterium isolated from soil. Serial dilution method was performed to inoculum solutions to achieve microorganism’s isolation which obtaining one bacterium that has ability to dissolve phosphate ore and molecular identification by 16 sRNA which suggest it called Azotobacter vinelandii. Optimum conditions of bioleaching of Abu Tartur phosphate ore are 3 days incubation period, modified PVK medium is the best medium for dissolution of Abu Tartur phosphate ore, 0.1x 1029 colony forming unit of Azotobacter vinelandii for 50 ml medium, 0.5% Abu Tartur phosphate ore concentration , 30°c, ammonium oxalate as nitrogen source, glucose as carbon source, ,no significant effect of addition factor, also there is decreasing in pH and increases in electric potential, initial pH 7, which the leaching efficiency of phosphate content in Abu Tartur phosphate ore reaches to 52.6%.

Alcohol consumption has been an accepted social practice since time immemorial. Alcohol, a drug, is consumed at some time by up to 80% of the population. The consumption of more than two standard drinks per day increases the risk for health problem in many organ systems. The objectives of the present study was to find out the alcohol usage profile among the adult alcohol users from Chidambaram town and the association between drinks per episode, episode per year, duration of diabetes mellitus and liver enzymes. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the field practice area of Urban Health centre (UHC) under Community Medicine, Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Hospital (RMMCH), Chidambaram, Annamalai University between October 2015 and July 2016.Majority (78.43%) of the study subjects AST enzyme value of ≤40 units/ litre that shows within normal limit. Majority (83.00%) of the study subjects ALT enzyme value of ≤40 units/ litre and also in normal limit. Majority (88.88%) of the study subjects GGT enzyme value of ≤60 units/litre. Duration of being alcoholic, number of episodes per year and drinks per episode were influencing the liver enzyme values significantly. Candidates having increased liver enzymes also are potential candidates to have hepatic damage. Hence by decreasing the alcohol quantity and also interventions that aid in stopping alcohol would help in preventing hepatic damage

A simple, novel and suitable method has been developed for the one step synthesis series of 3-substituted imino- 5-[2-isobutoxy-5-(4-methyl-5-carboxy-1,3-thiazo-2-yl)-phenylformamidino]-amino-1,2,4-dithiazoles(VIa-f)was carried out by oxidative cyclisation of 2-(3-substituted-2,4-dithiobiureto-formamidino-4-isobutoxyphenyl)-4-methyl-5-carboxy- 1,3-thiazoles (Va-f) by making use of liquid bromine in chloroform medium as an oxidative cyclising agent.

Quality service and customer satisfaction are major challenges faced by the banking sector in Oman. This paper aims to comparative study of the factors affecting service quality in local and foreign banks in Oman. The quality of service provided in the service sector is of utmost importance in order to sustain in a competitive market. As far banking sector in Oman is concerned, the various policies are adopted by the banks to improve the service quality that includes e- banking, Phone banking, making available CDM (Cash deposits Machines) and ATM (Automated Teller Machines), easy loans, customer care service etc. This research paper is an attitudinal study of customers of two local and foreign banks in Oman. The customer feedback is collected through structured questionnaire, based on the five points Likert scale. The parameters of servqual model have been followed to test the service quality in the banks. An attempt has been made to explore and analyze the significant factors affecting the service quality of banks in Oman by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The key findings of the study are the level of customer satisfaction of local banks is better than the foreign banks in Oman. This is because of the quality of service provided by the local bank is better than foreign banks.

The purpose of clinical crown lengthening is to increase the extent of supragingival tooth structure for restorative or esthetic purposes. The present article aims at comparing three different crown lengthening techniques. This study was conducted in department of periodontics. It included 30 patients, 15 males and 15 females. Patients were equally and randomly divided into three groups. Group I: It included 10 patients treated with gingivectomy. Group II: It included 10 patients treated with apically repositioned flap. Group III: It included 10 patients treated with surgical extrusion using periotome. Length of clinical crown, width of attached gingival and interdental papilla height was recorded preoperatively and postoperatively. There was no change in the width of attached gingiva and minimal change in the interdental papilla height between pre-operative and post-operative measurements in the crown lengthening procedure done by surgical extrusion using periotome when compared to the other conventional surgical procedures. The difference among three techniques was significant (p-0.01). Author concluded that crown lengthening using surgical extrusion technique is effective in grossly fractured teeth and in area where crown structure is less.

The rate of cesarean deliveries has increased over a decade due to multifactorial reasons explicitly; decrease in vaginal births after cesarean (VBAC), multiple gestation, maternal obesity, pre-term labor, gestational diabetes or hypertension, increased number of high-risk expectant mothers and the obstetrical medico-legal environment. Delivery of the fetal head at the cesarean section can sometimes be a cumbersome procedure and may result in maternal or fetal complications. The fetal vacuum extractor enables traction to be applied to the fetal head, in the birth canal, by means of a suction cup that is powered by an external vacuum source. To investigate the benefits and limitations of soft cup vacuum extractor on the fetal scalp during the cesarean section. This study was conducted on 88 full term pregnant women undergoing cesarean section at Nepalgunj Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Nepalgunj, Nepal. All patients were between 37 and 41 weeks of pregnancy with signs of healthy fetus and were divided into 2 groups; Group A- 42 patients subjected to vacuum extraction at the cesarean section, Group B- 46 patients subjected to the conventional cesarean method. The interval between the final uterine incision and complete delivery (U-D interval) and the Apgar score at 1 and 5 minutes after birth were evaluated. The data was statistically analyzed. In Group A, 24 (57.1%) women out of 42 and in Group B, 26 (56.5%) out of 46 were primagravida. Nine (21.4%) out of 42 women in Group A and 13 (28.3%) out of 46 women in Group B had a previous history of cesarean section. Lateral extension in uterine incisions was seen in 3 cases (7.1%) in Group A and 6 cases (13.0%) in Group B. The duration of scalp traction for Group A and Group B subjects were 32±3 sec and 48±16 sec respectively. The birth weight of the babies delivered in Group A and Group B were 3.08±0.47 and 3.07±0.46 respectively. The gestational age of the babies in Group A and B were 39.1±1.09 and 38.9±1.10 weeks. The initial Apgar score for Group A and Group B were 5.67±1 and 5.83±1.20. U-D interval for Group A and Group B were 75.6±9.02 and 43.5±8.6 respectively. It was found that the use of vacuum extractor is an easy, non traumatic and rapid method which abates the need of rough and prolonged fundal compression and its consequences and significantly fewer maternal complications

Mahogany is ranked as one of the best known and most valuable commercial tropical timbers on the international market. These species are becoming scarcer in the wake of dwindling forest cover in Ghana with illegal logging as the major contributing factors. Since plantation species have not been used enough in the past, their kiln schedules and their drying rates are unknown. In this study kiln drying schedule for plantation grown Khaya ivorensis was developed. The testing method followed Terrazawa: 1965. Results indicate that the mildest drying conditions for the plantation species would be the initial and final temperatures of 65°C and 90°C respectively and this coincided with the temperature schedule T11. The wet bulb depression (WBD) of 5.5°C which also corresponds to WBD schedule of 5 was recorded. Madison Drying Schedule T11-B5 is therefore proposed for the plantation grown Khaya ivorensis.

This paper provides empirical analysis of the impact of expansionary budget on living standard in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Relevant time series data were used from 1996 to 2015 which were collected from the Kaduna State Ministry of Budget and Economic Planning. The Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method was used to analyze static and log – linearized model of the data. The result of the regression analysis shows that expansionary budget which is represented by macroeconomic variables (ESE, ASE, RDE, SSE) in Kaduna State exert positive impact on standard of living. The paper therefore, recommended that the implementation mechanism of budgetary discipline should be adequately entrenched for effective implementation and as such the implementation mechanism of expansionary budget in Kaduna State should be checked for effective enhancement of the standard of living because if left unchecked it could jeopardize the entire effort of attaining the social and developmental goals.

In the light of growing market opportunities for the organized retail stores the present study focused on motivating factors of organized retail customers towards these stores. The study considered four important motivating factors for organized retail consumers namely convenient shopping , economic shopping , enjoyment shopping , idea shopping and their impact on visiting organized retail store. The purpose of the paper is to study the motivating factors in the shopping of organized retail store. The impact of demographic variables on motivating factors of organized retail consumers are explained in this paper. The statistical tools like ANOVA, Correlation Analysis and Descriptive Statistics were used for analyzing the primary data. It is found from the study that most of the customers visit the organized retail stores for convenience shopping and to get advantage of sales offers and promotions.

The purpose of advertisements is to enhance buyer’s response to products or services offered by the firm, thus increasing its profitability. Attitude is a learned predisposition to respond in the consistently favorable or unfavorable manner to advertising in general” While the influence of advertising on consumer behavior is inevitable, consumers generally hold quite negative attitudes towards it. The main objective of the artical is to study the attitude of the students towards advertisements. By using the Likert scale modified suitably, the data was collected. In all 2108, students from all over Goa were surveyed. It was seen that the attitude of the students towards advertisements is positive and matured. The statistical tools such as Independent sample ‘t’ test and One way ANOVA were used to find out the validity of the statements and whether there is an association between the different categories of sample and the attributes. In spite of it being severely criticized, students still felt that advertisements should not be taken away from the T.V.

The soil utilized as underneath the layer of sub-base in many civil engineering applications such as; roads, foundations of buildings, walkways, airfield, etc. The thickness of sub-base layer depends on the design load, project type and the soil type. Which will effect on the field density. This study was applied on a sub-base soil grade B as classified according to AASHTO which a wide spread in Iraq. Different tests were conducted on this soil to evaluate its properties such as sieve analysis, Atterberg's limits, compaction and chemicals. Three energies of compactive efforts were used in the laboratory work (EN1= 585.17 kJ/m3, EN2 =5898.5 kJ/m3, and EN3=1799 kJ/m3, ) to study the effect of different compactive efforts on the maximum dry density. Furthermore, built field model with the compactive effort of 1711.3kJ/m3 was used to determine the compaction ratio (RC). This model was 3m*1m * 0.80m which was from the confining base and sides by plain concrete to prevent the energy from transmitting to the soil behind and below the model. Four layer thicknesses (0.1m, 0.15m, 0.2m, and 0.3m) were used to study the effect of compactive effort on the layer thickness and then to evaluate the RC. The results obtained from this study showed that RC was Inversely proportional to the thickness of layer when it was equal or less than 0.2m. RC was (97%, 94.2% and 88.5%) at 0.1m, 0.15m, and 0.2m respectively. However, this was not the case when the layer thickness exceeded 0.2m. The results also showed that the adequate thickness was less than 0.2m.

Oral leukoplakia (OL) is the most common potentially malignant lesions of the oral cavity and Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts more than 95% of all malignant neoplasms in the oral cavity. Therefore, the aim of this study to report the immunoexpression of metallothionein in dysplastic lesions to correlate with histological grade and OSCC. Samples of 5 normal oral mucosa, 15 dysplastic cases was graded as: mild dysplasia, moderate dysplasia and severe dysplasia and 15 cases of OSCC. Immunohistochemistry for the metallothionein was performed and the Pearson Chi-Square test was used in statistical analysis. The metallothionein stain in all cases exhibits a mosaic pattern and predominantly in cytoplasm and nucleus simultaneously. The total stain was significantly higher in OSCC when compared with normal and dysplastic lesions. Metallothionein expression may play an important role in the conversion of potentially malignant oral lesion to oral carcinoma since its earlier stages.