To achieve organizational sustainability and competitive advantage in this contemporary business world, it requires the effective engagement of human resource management practices and engagement of competent employees. Due to the challenges associated in business performance as a result of employee disengagement behaviour, it is imperative that every organization seek to stimulate the level of employee engagement with its best practices and policies to drive an irresistible organization that enhances the wellbeing and social wellbeing of employees.The objective of the study was to examine the managerial perception ofhuman resource management practices on employee engagement, to examine employees‟ expectation of human resource management practices on employees‟ engagement. The sample size was 600 which comprised of both employees (460) and management (140) and systematic sampling was employed for the study. It was made known by management that, recognition and reward of employee‟s effort was ranked as the first HRM practices which have a high relationship with employee engagement, and employees, also ranked management-employee relationship as first to have a perfectly strong relationship with employee engagement.. It was recommended that, management must devise smooth strategies to continuously improve employees‟ morale, commitment and satisfaction for their job. Effective Human resource management practices therefore play a vital role in stimulating employee engagement.

This study was carried out during a 4 months period from December 2012 to March 2013. A total of 140 fresh and frozen ground beef samples were purchased from local butchers and supermarkets in Alexandria. Each of the ground beef sample was analyzed for its microbiological quality (total plate count, total coliform count and E. coli count). Regarding the type of meat, and according to their APC, fresh meat proved to be unsatisfactory in a higher percentage than fresh meat. However according to the TCC parameter, frozen meat samples were a little higher than the fresh meat samples, but in E. coli parameter the frozen meat percentage much higher than fresh meat.

The study explored accounting information as a veritable tool for the appraisal of the performance of production companies in relation to their productivity and financial position. The research adopted a quasi-experimental design. Primary data were gathered with questionnaire and the results of the hypotheses were arrived through percentage and Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient. It was revealed that the productivity of a production company is enhanced and sustained when the financial position of a firm is timely ascertained as this would help the company in financing their operations for maximum output. Besides, objective, timely, cost effective, complete and reliable accounting information help a production company to determine its financial position at any point in time. Based on the findings, the study recommended that effectual accounting information would be of immense help to a company in boosting and sustaining its productivity; the reason is that sureness of the financial position of a production company would, to a considerable extent, assist it in taking informed and timely decision either to continue to finance the production of a profitable product or to discontinue the production of a product that does not add value to the firm financially or otherwise. Finally, this would help a production firm to sustain an appreciable level of performance and growth for its survival.

Abstract: Today, the tremendous possibilities that arise with scientific advancements in medicine, biotechnology, and affiliated sciences are distinct and clear. And so are the abuses, negative implications, and ethical dilemmas that arise with such revolutionary technology. As a civilized global society, it is our responsibility to ensure that such achievements may not be marred by the negligent actions of a few. The potential of gene modification technology is very exciting indeed, but we need to advance with caution for the sake of the safety of our global community. The aim of this article is to highlight the current practices and experimentations being conducted in the field of genetic engineering, the laws or the lack of laws pertaining to genetic engineering, the ethical concerns that arise from dwelling into such experiments and the Islamic perspective on this issue. It is concluded that the status quo restricts scientists from conducting unauthorised experiments based on a voluntary moratorium. There should be well defined boundaries that do not create unethical issues while at the same time promote research in this field which has the potential to cure diseases and improve the well-being of humankind.

The aspiration of human being to advance life standards throughout the past have always brought diverse pursues with it. These pursuits have become reality by putting forward a new hint and taking risks when essential. Innovative and risk taking people have begun to be defined as entrepreneurs over time. In such context women entrepreneurship and innovation has become an emerging topic in today’s world. The present study evaluates the drivers and current status of financial literacy of the women entrepreneurs in floriculture industry. In addition, examine the socio economic and cultural barriers which hinder women participation in entrepreneurship and innovation. Ninety two female respondents were selected for this survey and administrated a pre tested questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed using Wilcoxon sign rank test. Study revealed the need to earn money and financial necessity as the major drivers to start a new venture. They were not aware about the high-risky unregulated saving systems, government tax policy, inflation rates and, stock market. Further the explored constraints of the study were unavailability of enough capital, market for finished goods, lack of knowledge on modern technology, inadequate infrastructure for transportation of raw material; inadequate training and access to information, weak business associations and, government taxes as the prevailing constraints. Therefore the authorities should take necessary actions to remove these obstacles, in order to improve the women entrepreneurship in floriculture.

Abstract: Tax non-compliance reduces tax collection and the tax performance within a country. The Kenyan government has implemented various strategies to bring businesses in the informal sector into the tax bracket though available data shows declines in the collected taxes. The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of tax compliance in the informal sector in Nyeri Town. Specifically the study aimed to assess how tax rates, attitudes towards government spending, complexity of tax returns and tax enforcement strategies influence tax compliance. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design and targeted 715 informal businesses in Nyeri Town. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select 143 informal businesses to participate. Researcher-administered questionnaires were used to collect data from the respondents. Descriptive statistics entailing frequency distribution, percentages, mean, were used to summarize and organize data. Inferential statistics entailing Chi-square tests and correlation analysis were employed to establish relationships between study variables. Findings were presented using tables of frequencies and percentages. A significant number (83%) indicated that they’d be more willing to pay taxes if the tax enforcement strategies were improved. The study found that tax enforcement strategies had no significant relationship (p=0.068) with tax compliance at 95% confidence level The study also found that tax enforcement strategies had a weak positive correlation (r=0.364) with tax compliance. The study concluded although to a small extent, tax enforcement strategies predicted tax compliance in the informal sector. It was recommended that the tax enforcement strategies could be improved by bringing the services closer to their businesses, to enhance tax compliance.

Background: Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXF) is a well-known clinical condition associated with cataract and the more serious blinding secondary open angle glaucoma that lead silently if unilateral or asymmetrical to irreversible loss of vision as the condition will not diagnosed and treated early, so our objective is to estimate the size of the problem so we can plan to overcome the serious blinding outcome in the future. Objectives: 1-Assess the clinical condition frequency. 2-Assess associated complications as cataract and glaucoma (PXG). Settings and Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study of partially random sample. Patients and methods: Partially selected elderly Kurds patients aged 55 years or above those visited Aso eye hospital for any reason, we enrolled 252 patients, 128 female and 124 male patients in the survey, Full slit lamp examination, visual acuity, refraction, fundoscopy and intraocular pressure measurement by Applanation tonometer were done to the patients. Statistical analysis used: Microsoft excels 2010. Results: Of total 252 patients examined, we report 73 patients (146 eyes) have the syndrome; this represents a frequency or relative prevalence of about 29%. 30(44%) are females and 43 (56%) are males, so female to male ratio was about 2/3, of the affected 73 patients, 56 (76.7%) patients have the disease in both eyes (112 eyes) and 17 (23%) patients (34 eyes) of them was affected in one eye, of those affected 73 patients, 60 (82.2%) patient aged 65 years or above, 67(91.7%) of them were moderate to heavy smokers.

Salmonellosis still remains as one of the major threat for poultry industry as well as public health in Bangladesh. Poultry is regarded as one of the most common reservoirs of Salmonella and contamination of poultry products can occur during any stage of poultry production. The current study was designed to identify Salmonella prevalence rate in broiler chickens and the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Salmonella spp. isolated from broiler chicken guts. A total of 320 bacterial colonies were isolated from broiler guts collected from 5 different markets of Sylhet city, Bangladesh, during January and February of the year 2017. The samples were subjected for isolation and identification of Salmonella spp.and through a series of morphological and biochemical observations, 14.37% of the isolates were identified as Salmonella. Antimicrobial sensitivity test was done against 8 commonly found antibiotics in chicken carcasses. Salmonella strains were found to be completely resistant against Ampicillin (100%). The frequency of antibiotic resistance ranked in the following order: Erythromycin (97.82%), Tetracycline (84.78%), Polymyxin B (73.91%), Co-trimoxazole (58.7%), Neomycin (13.04%) and Ciprofloxacin (6.52%). However, Salmonella isolates showed considerably greater sensitivity against Gentamycin (95.64%) and Ciprofloxacin (80.43%). Multidrug resistance was found to be present in all the isolates which is alarming for poultry business and consumer as well.

Carrying angle has been studied by many researchers and it is being studied to correlate with different parameters like age, sex, height and side. The study is aimed to determine the normal carrying angle between right and left hands. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 130 medical students of Devdaha Medical College and Research Institute, Rupandehi district, Nepal from October 2016 to December 2016. Carrying angle of each individual was measured by using manual metal goniometer and height was measured by using measuring tape. The data was recorded in MS Excel 2007 and further statistical analysis was performed for the descriptive statistics and independent sample t-test was performed to compare the means of the study population by using SPSS 16. In the present study, participants were in the age group of 18-25 years with the mean age of 20.90 ± 1.45 years including 21.98 ± 1.45 years in male and 20.37 ± 1.12 years in female. The mean carrying angle in right hand was 10.64º ± 2.57 whereas 9.69 º ± 2.52 in the left hand with the significant differences between right and left hand. There were no significant differences between age, sex and height with the carrying angle in the study. The mean carrying angle value was higher in case of males than in females. This study is helpful for the anatomists, anthropologists, cosmetic surgeons and orthopaedic surgeon for the correction of the fractures and other associated elbow disorders.

Four different types of algae were recorded for the first time in the Iraqi aquatic environment in the city of Baghdad within the Tigris River, which belongs to the three Division of the algae, represented by the tributary Coleochaete sp. Return to the Division Chlorophyta and the algae Stipitococcus crassistipatus and Chrysidiastrum catenatum Returning to the division of Chrysophyta algae and moss Gymnodinium sp. Return to the Division of algae Pyrrhophyta.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the male urethra is an exceptional tumor. All types tumors of the urethra representing less than 1% of urinary tract tumors. The prognosis remains unfavorable. We report the ninth case observed which manifested by a transtumoral spontaneous breaking of squamous cell carcinoma of the urethra in a patient aged 58 years-old. He was treated by external irradiation associated with chemotherapy, and died after progression of the disease. The spontaneous breaking of tumor of the urethra is an exceptional discovery testifying to a local evolution unfavorable, making these tumors difficult to operate. However, current hope lies in therapeutic protocols combining radio-chemotherapy.

Fluoride is a double edged weapon. It is needed for development of bones and teeth but intake in excess amount is very harmful for humans, animals and plants. Udaipur region is endemic to fluoride and a large number of animals are afflicted with fluorosis. Therefore, a survey was done to assess dental fluorosis in domesticated animals in and around Umarda village of Udaipur, Rajasthan. Cattle (Bos taurus), buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) and goats (Capra hircus) were selected for the present study. The study revealed that domestic animals had varied degree of dental lesions. Patchy discoloured enamel, receding gums, erosion of teeth with exposed cementum and defective mastication were prominent in animals. Older age animals showed more severe symptoms like total abrasion and loss of teeth, due to long time exposure to fluoride. Severe dental fluorosis was expressed by 44% cattle, 43% buffaloes and 26.9% goats out of 2320 animals.

To retire is an inevitable event that is bound to happen to every worker in a life time and pension scheme is to provide the employees of an organization with the means of securing on retirement, a standard of living reasonably consistent with that they enjoyed while in service. This is because, at old age man tends to depend on others for assistance and survival, therefore, man has been seeking for ways to make life in old-age meaningful and fulfilled after one has put in his active years in service. Based on the pain, sorrow and problems of retirees in the society (Nigeria), this work seeks to proffer solutions to this age long problem or retirement benefits. This study was conducted using questionnaires and the data analysis for the research was mainly descriptive, which is by the use of Chi-square method. The finding shows that inconsistency in pension polices affect the management of pension. The study thus, concluded that consistency, sincere and honest management of pension fund administration will be the hope of the age long problem of the pension scheme management in Nigeria, hence hope and for better and desirous retirement.

Drynaria quercifolia (Linn.) J. Smith has been used in many herbal folklore medicines in Ganjam - Gajapati districts of Odisha state, India. Study pertains to its toxicity profile was undertaken to establish its use as a safe drug for different ailments. Swiss albino mice and wistar albino rats were used for acute and sub-acute toxicity studies respectively. In acute toxicity model, the mice received a limit dose (2000mg/kg) of methanolic extract and kept under observation for 7 days. In sub acute toxicity studies, rats were treated with daily doses (1 g/kg body weight) of methanolic extract for 28 days. In acute toxicity study, samples did not show any mortality at the dose of 2000mg/kg body weight. Further, there were not any significant marked changes observed in hematological parameters too during sub acute toxicity tests. Methanolic extract (ME) of rhizomes of Drynaria quercifolia was found to be safe as a drug. It was without any toxicity at 2000mg/kg body weight and 1g/kg body weight during acute and sub acute toxicity evaluations respectively.

Article revolves around the conspectus accentuating healthiness, quest significance of robustness in workforce proficiency, productivity and prosperity. Descriptive multination study articulated considering secondary data derived of various primary and secondary sources. Study embodies fifteen countries, five high, middle and low-income countries each, employing non-probability nonrandom sampling. Contrasted on considered variable embracing Health-Status, Intelligence-Quotient, Work-Capacity, Economic-Growth and Happiness-Score. Interpretation derived based on the statistical measurements and inferences. Computations performed employing Ms Excel. Complete compilation phase lasted for 2 months August to September ‘2017. Mentally and physically healthy individuals usually score higher in intelligence quotient, manages productive work hours, endures prolong life expectancies and tends to be more contented. Healthy status, intelligence quotient, economic growth, happiness score descends while work capacity ascends from high to low income countries. Healthiness drive workforce effectiveness and efficiency. Health diminutions, a growing concern globally, dispel proficiency, dissipates productivity, perplex prosperity. All means and measures should be encouraged actuating work dexterity concomitant with mental and physical wellbeing.