Around the globe, occupational-related diseases are widespread and common. Posture during work and duty hours are the major risk factor in the development of musculoskeletal disorder. The rationale behind the study is to find out the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorder among dentist. Data was evaluated by using chi square test. The duration of the study was from Dec 2016 to Feb 2017 including pilot survey. 60 dentists were elected randomly and were questioned about personal characteristics, job history, work load, physical risk factors at work place and about low back pain (LBP) and neck pain. 5 point Likert Scale was used to measure responses and 10 item-scales was used to evaluate the prevalence of MSD. Informed consent was signed by the participants. Non-probability sampling technique was applied Confidentiality was assured. Data was analyzed by using SPSS 21.00 version. As evaluated from a study that back and neck pain is highly prevalent among dentist. According to results, 75% dentist exhibited back pain, 45% showed shoulder pain, 10% had elbow pain, 3% had wrist pain, 36% had upper back pain, 48.3% had lower back pain, 16% had hip, buttock and thigh pain, 8% showed bilateral knee pain, and 5% had bilateral ankle pain

It is important for any health system to provide Nursing care and treatment with great quality and respond the client’s necessities. About Hepatitis C disease discrimination and stigmatization is very common in health care sector. In India nursing college student stated that Patients with hepatitis C often encounter incrimination and prejudice in the hospitals, by the family and common people. Because of increasing prevalence of Hepatitis C, It is very important to take appropriate action regarding HCV in Government Hospital of Jhang. The aim was to assess the exact knowledge and attitude of Nurses about care and treatment of Hepatitis C. Quantitative descriptive cross sectional study design was used and questioners on five point Likert scale ranging from strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree, strongly agree were distributed . Simple convenient sampling technique was used and Sample size was 222 Nurses from selected hospital. Reliability was checked on Cronbach, s alpha, it was .886 for knowledge and .738 for attitude that is reliable. Data was analyzed SPSS software 21. Most of the participant shown negative attitude regarding HCV 65% (n=146) shown sorry for HCV contracted through blood transfusion. 72% (n=160) respondent not like treating patient with HCV. 69.8% (n=155) respondent were not willing to treat HCV patient. 72.4% (n=162) not believe that their profession plays an important role in HCV treatment. 83.7% (n=186) agree that that they do, not have skills needed to effectively and safely in treating HCV patient .There was association between knowledge and attitude score. Study result shows lack of readiness about HCV patient, that is due to bias and stigmatization .It is therefore very important to improve Nurses knowledge and attitude about hepatitis C disease.

Etoposide is an anticancer drug that belonging to topoisomerase II inhibitors, it used to treat various human malignancies. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a medicinal plant belonging to the family Zingiberaceae. The present study evaluated the possible protective potential of oral treatment of ginger oil (75&150 mg/kg body weight) three times weekly for 21 days against the genotoxic effects of etoposide oral administration (1mg/kg body weight) three times weekly for 21 days on bone marrow in male albino rat (Rattus norvegicus). Sixty adult male albino rats were used as the following, 30 rats (5 for each group) were prepared for DNA, evaluated the oxidative status in liver tissue (they were received the treatments for 21 days). The other 30 rats were used for chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow in addition to mitotic index in bone marrow (they were received the treatments for 72 hours only). Animals treated with etoposide showed DNA fragmentations on agarose gel electrophoresis and a significant increase in the percentage of bone marrow total chromosomal aberrations (TCA: 183.3±2.7) with significant decrease (P<0.01) in mitotic index in bone marrow (22.3± 2.25 ). Malondialdehyde and nitric oxide as indicators for oxidative stress showed an increase (2.42 ±0.05, 24.25 ±0.41) respectively, in contrast superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione showed decrease (P<0.01) with values (15.2 ±0.20, 5.42±0.31, 1.43±0.09) respectively, after etoposide treatment. While treatments with ginger oil (either 75 or 150 mg/kg b. wt.) normalize the oxidative status in liver tissues. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated that ginger oil exerted a protective effect against genotoxicity and cytotoxicity induced by etoposide that may be due to its antioxidant effects. Consequently, we recommended that ginger oil can be suggested to be administrated as co-medicine in chemotherapeutic treatments of cancer

Dengue is a vector born viral infection that belongs to family Flaviviridae. It is a single stranded RNA virus and endangers 2.5 billion people world wild. Dengue viral (DENV) infections cause a broad spectrum of illnesses from self-limited fever to severe hemorrhagic manifestations and increased vascular permeability. Cardiac manifestations of dengue are rarely associated with severe dengue fever. There are ample of dengue with myocarditis reported all over the World. But dengue with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is rare, we reported dengue with AMI during the last outbreak and also we reported our challenges faced during the management period.

The aims of the present investigation were to evaluate (1) HIV/AIDS related knowledge, attitudes and risk perception among the physiotherapist in Chennai, Tamilnadu, India (2) to identify predictors of willingness to provide care for patients with HIV infection. A cross sectional survey was done among 300 physiotherapists working in different hospitals, physiotherapy clinics and institutions offering physiotherapy services in Chennai, Tamilnadu, India. The internal constancy for HIV/AIDS related knowledge was found to be 0.717. The attitudes and risk perception among the participated physiotherapists was found to be 0.723. The results indicated that HIV/AIDS related knowledge, attitudes and risk perception among the physiotherapist in Chennai Tamilnadu, India was acceptable. From the present investigation it was also found that there was significant association between physiotherapist’s attitude towards HIV/AIDS and their willingness to treat HIV/AIDS patients.

Nursing education is a program in which, through nursing training, nursing student becomes a competent nurse. Nursing training is a mixture of two learning, Theoretical learning and practical learning. Nursing Students in clinical setting learn from the behavior, knowledge, experience and skills of their clinical instructor, clinical Teaching Behavior and students learning have a significant relationship to each other. The Purpose of this study was “To assess the relationship of the teaching behaviors of nursing faculty in clinical site with students learning”. This study was carried out by using descriptive cross sectional study design an the data was collected through convenient sampling method from Sir Ganga Ram Hospital and Mayo Hospital in Lahore, Pakistan. Sample size was 180 and the consent were taken from the participants prior from data taken. Questionnaire was adopted from previous study and data is analyzed through SPSS version 21. Statistics of the study shows that All of 180 students were female students, 77% participants having education level of FSc and take admission in Nursing Diploma. 86% of the participants fall in age group of 18 to 22. The Overall result shows that 89% of teaching behavior have string and positive relationship with students learning and it affect the students learning significantly and this is concluded from this study that the behaviors of clinical teaching faculty have positive relationship and influence students learning.

We describe a rare case of hypertension and bilateral pleural effusion simultaneously in twenty-two years old otherwise healthy young female in March 2017. The patient presented with an allergic reaction to an insect sting. Hence, she developed a generalized rash and shortness of breathing where she received a methylprednisolone 80 mg intravenously every 8 hourly for five days where she was discharged home. However, the patient readmitted within 24 hours with non-resolving shortness of breathing, dry cough, hypertension and bilateral pleural effusions more significant on the right side are confirmed clinically and radiologically. Five days after methylprednisolone was discontinued, patient became normotensive and chest x-rays was normal. These manifestations that include symptoms, signs and radiological images and their resolutions are given a name of a syndrome called “Yahya Al –Fifi’s syndrome

Nurses provide care to patients and they feel hope to get comfort and recover. Nurses use the knowledge and skills to provide care to the patients. There are many health care professionals who involved in providing care for sick patients but nurses are the central part of this process. There are many tasks which nurses have to perform in routine and medication administration is one of them. To assess nurses’ perception about medication administration errors and the factors that are associated with the medication packaging, physician communication, pharmacy process, nursing staff and medication administration. Descriptive cross sectional study design and quantitative survey technique was used in this study. The sample size of this study was 264. The self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 300 nurses of Children Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan through convenient sampling and all the participants were females. The study found that nursing related factor is the highest reason of the medication error among the nurses of the Children hospital Lahore, Pakistan. However, pharmacy is the lowest reason of the medication error. Thus, management should focus on the training and development of the nurses regarding medication error so that the better health care services can be ensured

Demonetization is the valorous step taken by the government of India. Disastrous issues in India are corruption and terrorism and the root cause of these problems are black money. So the black money is playing lead role in deprivation of our country. Various reports of reliable institution depicted the worsen situation of black money such as according to a report of “NIPFP the existence of black money in Indian economy was 31,584 in 1983 which has risen up to 10,00,000 in 2012”.It was the requirement of the moment to unearth a audacious step to tackle the various problem regarding black money (such as corruption and terrorism)in one major stroke. So government of India has decided to introduce demonetization of RS.500 and RS.1000 notes on 8th November 2016. The reason behind demonetization of these high denominations notes was, Rs.500 and Rs.1000 notes constitute 86.9% of total currency. This paper is throwing light on the position of black money in India and the effect of demonetization on black money.

Epidemiological information on tuberculosis (TB) has always been vital for planning control strategies. It has now gained further importance for monitoring the impact of interventions to control the disease. The present study was done to estimate the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in industrial population in a tertiary care centre in north India. It is a cross sectional study conducted at ESIC Medical college and hospital which caters to the registered /insured industrial worker under ESI scheme. All patients from chest clinic in the study period who were presumptive pulmonary TB patients were subjected to two sputum examination for AFB microscopy by ZN staining method. Demographic data of study subjects was collected, processed and statistical analyzed using SPSS software. Total 1315 patients participated in the study. Total sputum samples collected were 2623 out of which 351 were positive giving slide positivity rate of 13.58%. Among all of the total positive slides, male female ratio was 1.4:1. Maximum number of slide positive cases was present in 21-30 yr of age group in both male and female. 15.2% cases observed one of the two sputum samples as positive, thus emphasizing the importance of at least two sputum samples for diagnosis. The findings of this study reveal that younger age group patients 21-30 year old were most susceptible to tuberculosis and also percentage positivity of sputum among females was found significantly higher than males in the reproductive age group (21-50 yr). This finding, if corroborated in further studies could have major implications on the reproductive health of women

The faster growth of aquaculture has ensued in a series of developments harmful to the human and aquatic animal health as well as environment. People are using various prophylactic antibiotics indiscriminately in aquaculture mainly developing countries to prevent different bacterial infections resulting from sanitary shortcomings in fish and shellfish rearing. Also, the abuse of wide variety human non-biodegradable antibiotics remains in aquatic environment. It directly causes development of antibiotic-resistance bacteria and transferable resistance genes can be transferred to disease-causing bacteria, resulting in antibiotic-resistant infections for humans, fish and other aquatic animal. The greater the volume of antibiotics used, the greater the risks that antibiotic-resistant populations of bacteria will prevail in the contest for survival of the fittest at the bacterial level. The use of large amounts of antibiotics that have to be mixed with fish food also forms problems for industrial health and rises the opportunities for the presence of residual antibiotics in fish meat as well as fishery products. So, to overcome this global problem; strict measures, legislations and regulations for the use of antimicrobials in aquaculture should be developed and implemented especially in developing countries, to avoid such negative impacts in human, fish, animals and environment.

The government of Taiwan has promoted the hierarchy of medical care in Taiwan in order to facilitate large-scale hospitals returning to the nature of teaching research, emergency and critical care services. Since 2017, the clinical and service growth of mild cases at medical centers and regional hospitals has been limited. This study adopts a retrospective study and uses the clinic application number of the NHI-insured as research subjects. The subject hospital in 2016 applied about 838,088 cases, and after screening about 158,631 people times were included as the research subjects. With the Chi-square test, a significant difference has been identified in age (p<0.001), gender (p<0.001), diagnosis of diabetes, high blood pressure, and hypercholesterolemia (p<0.001), and divisions visited (p<0.001). 2016 Q1’s primary care services rate was 15.18% with the annual average of 18.93% lower than national rate at the same period, 21.76%. Patients of primary care can be transferred by hospitals to community clinics to reduce financial losses. Relevant adoptive measures also need to be introduced by the government (such as policy promotion and adjustment of co-payment) to smoothly promote and develop primary care services.

This work characterizes the growth of mangrove oyster, Crassostrea gasar of two lagoons of Côte d’Ivoire: the Ebrié lagoon; on the level of Grand-Bassam and Azito and the Aby lagoon; on the level of Assinie. Thus, a monthly sampling of 30 oysters per site for 12 months (October 2015 at September 2016), during which the physico-chemical parameters of water were recorded. The results of the study show an almost similar evolution of the physico-chemical parameters of the three sites. However, the sites of Assinie and Azito recorded a salinity, although lower than 10‰, high compared to that of Grand-Bassam. The results of morphometric analyses plead in favour of a negative allometry for the two relations in particular, size-sizes relations and size-weight relations. However, the individuals of Assinie present the best values of growth coefficient (b). According to PCA, the individuals of Assinie are identifiable by a weight of flesh and a width of higher bodies. Those of Azito are characterized by a thickness of body, a weight of shell, and a body weight more marked. As for the individuals of Grand-Bassam, they don’t present any distinguishing mark making it possible to characterize them. This study shows, the necessity to install a durable strategy of management of oyster stocks of our lagoons. It would be interesting to envision the culture of the oyster which remains an important food product of socio-economic interest.

Chronotherapeutics refers to a treatment method in which in vivo drug availability is timed to match rhythms of disease, in order to optimise therapeutic outcomes and minimise side effects. The term "chrono" basically refers to the observation that every metabolic event undergoes rhythmic changes in time. It refers to a treatment method in which in vivo drug availability is timed to match rhythms of disease in order to optimize therapeutic outcomes and minimize side effects. It is based on the observation that there is an interdependent relationship between the peak-to-trough rhythmic activity in disease symptoms and risk factors, pharmacologic sensitivity, and pharmacokinetics of many drugs. In this present study invivo evaluation of bilayered tablets of Losartan and Hydrochlorothiazide were studied on rabbits to prove that the prepared formulation shows a pulsatile drug release. The plasma levels were measured using LC-MS/MS method. Pharmacokinetic parameters of these tablets were determined by using WINNOLIN Scientific software. The pulsatile release tablet formulation prepared in the lab managed to show some lag phase initially before releasing the drug with a maximum time (Tmax) at the 12th hour. From this present work the results of invivo studies proved that chronotherapeutical release of drug in the form of bi layered tablet can be achieved for newer chronotherapeutical drug delivery system.

This study was conducted at the Demonstration Farm of Fuculty of Agriculture , Kassala University during 2014/2015 and 2015/ 2016 seasons in the Halfah Elgadidah, Sudan. Randomized complete plot design with four replications was used in this study. The treatments were four sowing dates (S1, S2, S3 and S4) corresponding to 1rst Nov,15th Nov, 1rst Dec and 15th Dec and two diverse sesame cultivars “Promo” V1, Um shagara V2. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of sowing dates on morpho-phonologial traits and seed yield in two sesame cultivars. The obtained results showed that V2 possessing higher stem diameter, larger leaf area, higher number of fruiting branches and capsules per plant as well as seed yield as compared with V1. Sowing dates significantly influenced the different morphological attributes in this study viz, plant height, stem diameter and leaf area. Most of these characters were significantly higher when sesame sown during 15th Nov but the highest leaf area was achieved in last sowing date. Among the varying dates of sowing S2 and S3 significantly recorded higher number of fruiting branches and capsules per plant as well as seed yield as compared with first and last sowing dates. It may be inferred that Umshagra cultivar can be adopted and recommended in study area during S2 and S3 if grown as irrigated crop.