The objective of the study is to measure the dimensions of supracrestal gingival tissue in healthy human periodontium. In this study 30 dental students with clinically healthy periodontium were examined by doing sulcular probing, from the gingival margin to the top of the alveolar crest, using a UNC-15probe, at maxillary and mandibular incisors, canines, and premolars and first molars unilaterally. No statistical difference was detected (p>0.05) in comparision of mean supracrestal gingival tissue (SGT) measurements among male and females in maxillary and mandibular arch. However, comparison of mean SGT of individual tooth types in maxillary and mandibular arch showed significant difference with p value of 0.005 and 0.000 respectively. There is significant difference in the SGT dimensions in the different tooth in the same arch, whereas the male and female population showed no statistical difference in SGT measurements. Maxillary and mandibular SGT dimensions were lesser for the central incisors compared to the other teeth in the arch which were measured. Thus, indicating more bone reduction as we move posteriorly from anterior.

The aim of the study was to optimize the process parameters involved in the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by aqueous leaf extract of Tabernaemontana heyneana and to evaluate the catalytic reduction of methylene blue (MB) perhaps for the first time. The various optimum parameters include boiling time for preparation of extract, concentration of extract, silver nitrate concentration, effect of pH, reaction time and temperature were analysed using UV-vis spectrophotometer. The optimized AgNPs were characterized by AFM and evaluated the catalytic activity on reduction of methylene blue. The optimized factors for synthesis of AgNPs were 10 min boiled leaf extract, 3 ml leaf extract addition to reaction mixture, 1 mM AgNO3 concentration, pH 9 of reaction mixture, reaction time 2 h and temperature 80°C. AFM characterization confirmed the oval shaped AgNPs with size 5-20 nm. The synthesized AgNPs showed a good catalytic activity on the reduction of methylene blue. Therefore, it is proposed that, the optimized parameters helps in getting hold of applications in environmental and biomedical sciences.

Cut throat injuries are usually homicidal rather than suicidal, presenting with challenging air way compromise and blood loss secondary to damage of vital structures in the neck. We present a case of cut throat injury- a suicidal attempt of a psychologically normal young adult in attempt to pacify his family dispute which was repaired with the assistance of fiberoptic endoscopy.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a clinical-biological entity characterized by a hyperinflammatory state following the deregulation of the cytotoxic immune response, causing histiocytic proliferation with significant hemophagocytic activity in the bone marrow as well as the massive release of inflammatory cytokines. The diagnosis is established by the association of nonspecific clinical and biological signs. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and laboratory presentation to determine the underlying pathologies and clarify the evolution and the prognosis of adult patients with HLH in our healthcare setting. A retrospective study of patients with HLH was conducted in the Military Teaching Hospital, Rabat, between January 2015 and January 2017. We were able to identify eight patients. Six were men, and the average age at diagnosis was 58 years. Infectious agents were responsible in 3 cases, malignant lymphoma in 3 others, one case of systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the last case etiology remains unknown. Clinical characteristics such as fever (100%), splenomegaly (62,5%), and lymphadenopathy (37,5%) were observed. Laboratory values presented with panytopenia (62, 5%), thrombopenia and anemia (100%), increased ferritin (100%), lactate dehydrogenase (87, 5%), triglycerides (62, 5%), and decreased fibrinogen (50%). Bone marrow showed hemophagocytis in all cases. The prognosis was poor. Five patients died. Absence of specific signs makes early diagnosis difficult. The prognosis varies according to the series but remains very unfavorable. Studies are needed to assess prevalence and develop a severity score and therapeutic recommendations to improve HLH prognosis

A survey of herbaceous fodder plants along the national highway from Parwanoo to Kaurik was carried out. Mostly along the national highway rural areas were situated and they used local flora for their cattle or livestock. Some of the herbaceous plant species used as fodder among the communities of these areas. In Present paper, 53 species belonging to 17 families and 44 genera were recorded and identified. The families with higher number of species were Poaceae with 29 species, Leguminosae with 5 species, Brassicaceae and Cyperaceae with 2 species, Acanthaceae, Begoniaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Commelinaceae, Compositae, Convolvulaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Datiscaceae, Oxalidaceae, Pedaliaceae, Polygonaceae, Solanaceae, Urticaceae with 1 species each. The genera represented by the higher number of species Setaria (3 species), Chrysopogon, Cyperus, Oplismenus, Paspalum, Saccharum, Trifolium (2 species) and rest of the genera comprising only one species.

The fitness centre is the rapidly growth industrial in providing a leisure time services (Industrial leisure). Specifically so many trade mark in fitness centre, like Olympic Gym, Fitness First, Celebrity Fitness, Fit By Beat, Gold‘s Gym, ATLAS Athletic, and Ade Rai‘s Club make the tight competition in the industrial leisure, so that it needs the optimal effort from every fitness centre to survive, so that a firm in the industrial leisure should make a strategic planning for getting the comparative advantages. By looking for a new customer, the fitness center takes so much time and human resource to simulate the customer‘s behavior. To attract a new customer, the fitness centre must design the interesting program for keeping the customer‘s loyalty effectively and efficiently.. Simultaneously The customer retention reflects how much the customer‘s loyalty can attain, this retention gives a sign for management to build the brand image in customer‘s heart emotionally. Commonly The customer‘s behavior points how much their loyalty to take retention purchase. By increasing quality and services, absolutely the customer’s loyalty can be maximized for getting this retention more and more. The important key for increasing corporate services is to design an interactive program between customer and employee. By firing the trouble maker employee, the management must improve the interaction quality. To keep an environment quality, the standard of services can be established objectively. By reviewing the customer‘s participant in daily activity, the management can structure the result‘s quality.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of using parametric multiple comparison tests (e.g. Duncan test) after Kruskal-Wallis test on type I error rate and test power. Results of simulation study showed that Kruskal-Wallis tests are nonparametric alternative of one-way analysis of variance especially when normality assumption is not satisfied. Research showed that parametric multiple comparison tests can be used then the non-parametric tests. For this propose; Duncan Method (DUNNR) is used instead of Nonparametric Dunn's method (DUNN) after Kruskal-Wallis (H) test. Random numbers from N (0,1), (3), (5,3) distributions were generated; with the various sample sizes (n=3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 30), group numbers (k=3, 4, 5) and the different variance ratios ( 2=1:1:1, 1:1:4, 1:1:10) in this study, The aim of study was determination of the possibility of use parametric pair wise multiple comparison; by determination of type I error and power of tests instead of no-parametric pair wise multiple comparison tests can be used.

Genetic modification (GM) technology in food is a new variety of food choices for Malaysian consumers. Majority of the consumers have no or limited knowledge on GM technology and food. However, some of the products in foreign countries are GM food, hence, it is important to understand consumers‟ perception to provide policy makers, government agencies, and industry players a clear view on the effect of imported GM food in Malaysia. Semi structure interview was adopted in this study to have an in-depth understanding on consumers‟ perception on GM food. Consumers with basic knowledge on GM technology and food were involved in this study. The finding indicated that attitude, relative advantage, compatibility, perceived control behaviors (PCB) and observability in term of information were positively related to adoption intention. Complexity has a negative relation with adoption intention. As majority of consumers have no knowledge on GM food and there are no labeling of GM food in Malaysia market, hence subjective norm, trialability and observability of physical products were not obvious at the time of study. Consumers‟ perception toward a new innovation is important which all relevant sectors able to generate better strategy plan to promote the new products as well as provide protection to the consumers, in this case, the uncertainty of long term health issues and transparency of information.

Inventory management requires high investment in the company, including spare parts companies. Currently, inventory problems at spare-parts Company that is too many types of components (spare parts), some components (spare parts) there are overstock, some others stock-out, and planning the purchasing of components (spare parts) still quite often using intuition. The purpose of this study is to improve inventory management performance solve the inventory problems at Indonesia spare-part company, so the company can establish an economical supply budget by setting safety stock, minimum stock, maximum stock, and order quantities of each components (spare parts) required to Obtain the inventory cost saving. This study was initiated through the stages of ABC analysis to determine the grade of material on each item, and then continued with inventory count minimum, maximum, safety stock, the value of the average inventory, total inventory cost, turnover ratio and inventory turnover, followed by comparing results of a calculation method of the min-max with existing method, The results of applied research with min-max method was found to increased turnover ratio (TOR), inventory turnover (ITO), lower average inventory values and total inventory cost (TIC) to obtain reduce inventory cost.

The objective of this paper is to assess the impact of microcredit on the socio-economic performance of microenterprises in Morocco. It is also to examine the determinants of granting loans by microcredit institutions. The approach used consists on developing a model based on the Probit model for its flexibility and analytical empirical validation using data from a survey undertaken on forty microenterprises which benefited from micro credit financing in the northern region of Morocco.

The study was designed to assess the performance of carbon at Malaysia. Landscape development plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. They produce a large proportion of CO2 emissions, but they also sequester and store carbon in our environment. The carbon footprint analysis is an established method for systematically quantifying carbon sinks and sources throughout the lifetime of goods and services. There are three stages of carbon contributors were identified through document review and expert’s validation, which is construction stage, operation stage and maintenance stages. The paper presents the carbon footprint analysis of landscape development stages that was recently constructed in the permonade Percint 8, Putrajaya. Field measurement was conducted and the collected data were analyzed using SMART PLS (Partial least squares). Findings of the study highlighted that construction stage give the highest significant to carbon contribution with a path coefficient 0.748. The study also shows that the construction stage is the largest contributor due to the presence of a large number of facilities and activities in landscape developments compared to the maintenance stage. Particularly this is also related to the material and equipment used during the construction stage. The study suggested that the construction stage need to be considered when developing a sustainable landscape design. Finally, the recommendations on how to reduce carbon emissions in landscape development stages especially in Malaysia were highlighted.

The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors that influence the customers' Attitude to patronise Islamic bank by applying theory of planned behaviour. The literature on Islamic banking is extensive and focuses on customers‟ behaviour, yet it is still unclear what variables may have a potential impact on customers‟ attitude. The Islamic bank customers‟ patronising factors were long discussed in the literature, but the predictors of customers‟ attitude toward Islamic banks according to the theory of planned behaviour has not been thoroughly discussed. The predictors of attitude were examined within theoretical framework. This study proposed and developed a framework using the Islamic bank customers selection criteria (product features, service quality, social responsibility practices and trust) as determinant of attitude. The framework is open for quantitative test which can form a genera for future researches in the area of determinates of Islamic bank customers Attitude. The theoretical framework incorporates customers selection criteria that are likely determine the customers attitude to patronise Islamic banks. The framework suggests that selection criterias‟ namely: product features, service quality, social responsibility practices and trust determine the customers attitude to patronise Islamic banks. This study integrates the selection criteria (product features, service quality, social responsibility practices and trust) to determine the attitude in the theoretical framework. The previous studies untapped the integration of customers selection criteria to patronise Islamic banks in the theory of planned behaviour.

Along with the rapid development of information technology the existence of the museum must also follow the existing changes, which must adapt to the needs and wants and young people. Youth segment is a huge market potential in Indonesia. This research is to explain about the implementation of experiential marketing strategy to make museum as one of tourist destination in Surabaya. Data collection techniques based on interviews with museum managers as well as from the observation of museums in the field, with attention to aspects of sense, feel, think, act and relate. The population in this study is the existing museum in Surabaya, where there are 18 museums in Surabaya, and the sample of this research is 6 museums in Surabaya (Museum of Cancer, Museum Of Sampoerna, Submarine Monument, Surabaya Museum, Health Museum, and Ethnographic Museum). This research uses qualitative research method with analytic descriptive approach, where this research only describes and analyzes existing variable that is implementation of experiential marketing at museum in Surabaya. The results showed that almost all the museums in Surabaya have not applied the concept of experiential marketing completely. In addition, almost all museums are in poor condition and still old-fashioned, and this is not suitable for the youth market. From this study it is also known that the museums in Surabaya have not been able to touch the emotional and psychological aspects of the visitors, whereas completing the visit to the museum does not feel an emotional touch and the latter will not encourage visitors to re-visit.

Depression is a major public health problem. It is the most common mood disorder in later life associated with serious consequences, including; disability, functional decline, diminished quality of life, increased mortality and increased service utilization. This study aims to assess the impact of a health promotion program on quality of life, depressive symptoms and feeling of loneliness among institutionalized elderly in Egypt. Design: a quasi-experimental one group pre-posttest research design was utilized. Sample: A convenience sample of (60) institutionalized elderly was selected. Setting: the study was conducted at Dar El- Hanna nursing home. Tools of the study: A structured questionnaire included personal data, health assessment data and institutionalization data. Quality of life index, UCLA loneliness scale as well as geriatric depression scale were utilized. Results: revealed that, more than half of elderly were institutionalized due to absence of caregivers. A statistically significant relationship was found between duration of residence, and quality of life. There were statistically significant relationships between mean scores in pre and posttest for quality of life index in relation to satisfaction aspect at p=0.001*, overall quality of life scale (at p=0.008*), UCLA loneliness scale (at p=0.001*) and geriatric depression scale (at p-0.003*). Conclusion: the study concluded that application of health promotion program for institutionalized elderly had a positive impact on reducing depressive symptoms and level of loneliness and has improved quality of life among institutionalized elderly. Recommendation, Further psychosocial intervention and qualitative studies are needed to overcome loneliness and depression and to improve quality of life among institutionalized elderly. A specialized gerontological mental health nurses should be there for elderly in nursing homes in Egypt. Elderly should also be involved in regular physical, mental and recreational activities to enhance their physical, social and psychological health and wellbeing.

Background: Visual impairment can have a significant effect on an individual’s functioning and their interaction with their physical and social environments and it is associated with disability and poor quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an educational program to improve the quality of life (QoL) in elderly patients with visual impairment. Design: A quasiexperimental pre test-and-post test design was utilized. Setting: The study was conducted at the ophthalmology outpatient clinics and ophthalmology department at Zagazig University Hospitals. Sample: Aconsecutive sampling technique of 70 elderly with visual impairment who fulfilled the study inclusion criteria. Tools:Two tools were used to collect the study data: I) A structured interview questionnaire consisted of five parts. II) Low Vision Quality Of Life (LVQOL) , The study was conducted through assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation phases. Results: The study results revealed that the duration of visual problems ranged between 1.0 and 26.0 years, mostly bilateral (64.3%), and had negative impacts on their life (92.9%). Elderly had deficient related knowledge, with low Quality of Life (QoL) and high dependency in DLAs. The educational program was effective in improving their knowledge, QoL and independence in DLAs . Conclusion: The findings emphasize the importance of well-designed patient education programs. Recommendation: Further research is suggested to explore the effectiveness of multiple-approach nursing interventions in improving the QoL of elderly with visual problems.