Time out protocol for surgery is very important for the declination of mortality rate because two hundred and thirty four millions surgeries have been performed every day worldwide in which 7 million had adverse complications. To assess the attitude and practice of surgical team members regarding time out protocol before surgery in Operation Theater. A descriptive, quantitative cross-sectional study design was done. An adopted questionnaire have been distributed among 154 participants to collect data from Services Hospital Lahore. SPSS version 21 was used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics and chi-square were applied. In this study out of (N= 154) respondents 50 %(n=77) of the participants were male and 50%(n=154) were females and 58..4%of the respondents were between the age of 26-30 years.45% of the surgeons and 27% of anesthetists and only 26%of the nurses were participate in the study.50% of the participants were 6- 10 year of job experience. Respondents towards the attitude of time out protocol were positive.87%of the respondents think that check the patient identity, procedure side is a joint responsibility.92% of respondent said that time out protocol can avoid incorrect surgery.76%of the respondent confirm the patient identity before every operation.81% of the respondents confirm that surgical procedure before each operation. The Time out protocol is one of the important strategies to minimize the hazardous situation in Operation Theater. It is important in Operation Theater and surgical ward as well as in overall hospital to identify the patient properly, his diagnosis, his treatment planning, his medication and the site or part of surgery to be carried out

The physiomorphological divergence was assessed in twenty-seven soybean genotypes by using cluster mean analysis, principal component and principal coordinate analysis and mean difference to identify parental genotypes for future breeding program in order to develop new high yielding varieties in randomized complete block design with three replications. Plant height, days to first flowering and days to 50% flowering have the highest percent of variations anomg the traits. The genotypes under the experiment were grouped into five clusters. The highest inter cluster distance was found between cluster I and IV followed by I and V. According to principal component scores F-85-11347 and ASSET- 93-19-13 have the prominent influence towards varietal improvement. Selecting genotypes from distant clusters probably provide promising recombinants and better segregants for future breeding platform.

The Banking sector has a crucial role to play in the development of an economy. It is the key driver of economic growth of the country. In India, the banking sector is very strong at the present but at the same time, banking is considered to be a very risky business. Most often than not root cause of a financial turmoil is inefficient risk management practices adopted by the financial institutions. Banks must thus see risk management as an ongoing and valued activity as it is directly linked to financial system stability of the country. The purpose of this research is to outline various risks posed by the Indian Banks and strategies adopted by them for risk management. The secondary objective is to compare the risk severity and success of risk management practices for the public sector and private sector Indian Banks.

The present study was undertaken to investigate the heavy metal decontaminating activity of Salvinia molesta from municipal waste water. The waste water was treated with the plant specimen for five and ten days consecutively after which it was analyzed for the estimation of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The waste water was also analyzed before the treatment. The results of the investigation showed that the non-treated samples indicated higher content of Fe followed by Zn in sample Nitta gelatin (NG). It was found that Cu and Ni were present in similar quantities in all samples. A favorable decrease was seen in Zn in all samples and Fe in sample NG after five days of treatment. The concentration of Cu and Fe were found to be below the detection limit in samples collected from Chalakudy (CH), Ernakulam (ER) and Kokkala (KK) after ten days of treatment. Ni was found to be below the detection limit in samples ER and KK. Zn was found to be at a reduced level in samples CH, ER, KK and NG. Cd and Pb were found to be below the detection limit (0.01 and 0.05 ppm) in all four samples before treatment, after five and ten days of treatment. The present findings revealed that S. molesta was efficient in reducing the heavy metal concentration in the waste water, suggesting being a bioaccumulator of these metals.

People are put into situations sometime throughout their life where they are asked, “Would you like to donate? Cause related marketing requires often guilt and shame tactics to get people to perform desired behavior, which more often than not is donating to an organization. We wanted to find to what extent does guilt and shame drive the likelihood for someone to donate? Also, what demographics are more likely to donate than others? To figure out these questions as well as others, we conducted a quantitative research study. We gathered primary data through a convenience random sampling method to continue for our descriptive research using quantitative data, then used OLS Simple Linear Regression to process the data. The following data that we found to be the most significant from our survey is focused on Age, Income, and Neuroticism. Showing that a person’s age, Income, emotional stability all have some connection as to feelings guilt or shame as the statscal driver to donate to a non-profit organization. We also found that Gender, Ethnicity, Income, and Year of School do not have an effect on a person’s likelihood to donate. We have found significant data that nonprofit organizations may benefit from for their marketing strategies. They can save money by avoiding costly marketing campaigns that target a certain gender, because gender does not drive likelihood to donate and gender does not drive susceptibility to guilt and shame tactics. They can improve their bottom line by spending it on the right age groups. Organizations should spend their money targeting age groups 25-54 because they are more susceptible to guilt and shame tactics, eventually leading to donations.

Abstract: This study is intended to Analyze the Influence of Product Quality, Quality of Service and Price to the purchase decision. The design of this research is quantitative by using the method. The population of this study is all pregnant women in Tangerang Selatan district, Julah pregnant mother in South Tangerang regency strength 5250 people. The sample size in this study using Slovin formula with α is used is 10%, thus the sample size is 98 people. This research uses multiple linear regression analysis technique. SPSS 20.00 analysis tool. The results of this study are Product Quality, Service Quality and Important and Significant Price to Purchase Decision. There are still other factors affecting the Purchasing Decision apart from the three variables of product Quality, Quality of Servicing, and Price.

Service delivery is the most widely used measure of performance in the public sector. This paper is a critical review of literature with a focus on how service delivery is linked to leadership qualities, ethics and accountability. The four concepts explaining the variables under focus in this paper are introduced through a brief presentation. The study discusses theoretical perspectives deemed most appropriate for this work. These are the path-goal theory, resource based view and principal-agent theory. It is evident that there are numerous studies which have taken different methodology approaches and are conducted in diverse contexts. There however exist conceptual, theoretical, methodological and contextual gaps which need to be addressed in future studies. The key emerging knowledge gap is the fact that the available studies have not investigated the link between leadership qualities, ethics and accountability on one hand and service delivery on the other. Given the importance of improving service delivery it is therefore imperative for scholars and practitioners to understand the nature of this link and to explore it to improve especially with regard to the public sector entities. The review has developed a clearer understanding of the concept and how they relate with the theoretical perspectives. The review underscores the need for practitioners to work towards ensuring organisations are aligned with best practices for leadership qualities, ethics and accountability to ensure better service delivery. The review further highlights need for policy makers to put in place regulatory framework to nurture effective leadership, enhance ethics and accountability for better service delivery.

Abstract: A new effective method for pricing American option under the Black-Scholes model using pseudo inversion matrix is proposed and justified. The bases for a pseudo inversion matrix to price an American Option under the Black-Scholes model depend on the complete understanding of the discretization process and stability principles. For the past years, a lot of researchers have applied pseudo inversion matrix in solving system equations, like reconfigurable control system (RCS), Hermitian differential-algebraic system etc. This paper presents a simple pseudo inversion method for American option valuation under Black-Scholes model, through a drifted financial derivative system, discretized from Black-Scholes financial PDE. An illustrative example is given in concrete setting.

This study aims to analyze the influence of competence and organizational culture on motivation. The design of this research is quantitative by using survey method. The population of this study are all sub districts and their devices scattered in 12 districts in Bekasi City and identified 56 urban villages and 224 urban village. Determination of the number of samples refers to the distribution of cluster-based areas that are scattered based on the existing sub-districts in the city of Bekasi. Assuming that each urban village will be taken by 4 respondents, 1 urban village and 3 head of affairs, the total sample area is 35: 4 = 140 urban villages expressed as sample area. This research uses multiple linear regression analysis technique. SPSS 21.00 analysis tool. The result of this research is that Competence and Organizational Culture have positive and significant effect to Motivation. There are still other factors that influence motivation apart from the two variables of Competence and Organizational Culture.

Abstract: Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is a common complication of both type-1 and type-2 diabetes, which affects over 90% of the diabetic patients. The distal symmetrical polyneuropathy (DSPN) is the commonest clinical form of diabetic neuropathy, affecting more than 90% of the patients. Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is one of the most common of all type of the long-term complication of diabetes, affecting up to 50% of patients. The most common sites of pain are in the periphery involving the feet, toes, and hands. DNP continues to represent a therapeutic challenge as its pathophysiology is not yet fully understood and pain relief is still unsatisfactory. Clinical guidelines recommend pain relief in PDN through the use of antidepressants such as amitriptyline and duloxetine, the γ-aminobutyric acid analogues gabapentin and pregabalin, opioids and topical agents such as capsaicin. Of these medications, duloxetine and pregabalin were approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2004 and tapentadol extended release was approved in 2012 for the treatment of PDN. This review does not widely discuss all possible treatments for painful neuropathy; however it provides a systematic approach designed to guide clinicians in tailoring therapies to the individual patient.

Abstract: This essay aims to examine the relationship between prejudice and discrimination on the basis of social dominance theory. Discrimination and prejudice are different concepts that many people experience frequently. Identities which create “we” and “other” are based on personal characteristics such as sex, age, sectarian or ethnic origin. Prejudice we feel for “others”, are the basis of discrimination. It is defined as a thought coming to mind arising from prejudgements while discrimination is behaviour of this prejudice. The theory of social dominance argues that one or more groups are more dominant and stronger than the others in the social structure and control resources. According to the theory, all social structures are prone to become group-based social layers, all societies are composed of hierarchically organized layers. While dominant social groups shape social values and have material resources or significant social symbols, the disadvantaged groups strive to have them. As a consequence, dominant groups have intention to maintain the circumstance by way of discrimination and favoring the inner group. The theory asserts that group-based social hierarchies emerge through aggregated individual discrimination, aggregated institutional discrimination and behavioral asymmetry. In this process, discriminated individuals, while reducing the values of their social identity by recalling that their groups have low position on the one hand, also make discrimination to be seen as the cause of failure instead of personal reasons.

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to highlight on the effect of school governance on the prevalence of KCSE examination cheating in public and private secondary schools in Kisii County of Kenya. The study employed ex post facto and survey research design. The target population comprised of 1119 subjects comprising of principals, invigilators and examination officers drawn from 317 public and 46 private secondary schools in Kisii County. A sample of 109 principals, 218 invigilators and 10 examination officials was selected through stratified random sampling so as to participate in the study. The study utilized questionnaires to collect data. The instruments were tested for reliability and adapted after they scored 0.752 and 0.765 for the Invigilators’ questionnaire and School Principals’ questionnaire respectively. The study collected both qualitative and quantitative data. Pearson Correlation Coefficient was used with the help of SPSS to analyze quantitative data. Qualitative data was analyzed by use of descriptive analysis, by categorizing results into tables. The findings show that the current efforts put in place by KNEC to ensure compliance with the set rules and regulations to stop examination cheating in public and private secondary schools in Kisii County are not adequate. Following the findings, the study recommends that KNEC considers mobilizing resources to upscale its measures to check on examination cheating and resources to support use of modern technology to monitor KNEC examinations in Kisii County.

Biochemical responses of Red Sokoto bucks experimentally infected with Trypanosomes were studied. Twenty four bucks were divided into 4 groups of 6 animals each (I, II, III, and IV). Group 1 served as the uninfected control group, Group II and III were inoculated with 2 ml of 1 x106 Trypanosoma brucei and T. congolense respectively while Group IV were inoculated with 2 ml of 1x106 parasites each of T. congolense and T. brucei. The bucks in all the infected groups were treated on day 14 post patency with Isometamidium Chloride (2%) at the dose rate of 0.5 mg/kg IM. Serum enzymes (Aspartate amino transferase, Alanine amino transferase, Alanine amino phosphate) were all elevated. Urea and potassium levels were increased, while the levels of Na+, Cl- and HCO3 were decreased. The elevated biochemical parameters were more pronounced during the infection and relapse phases in the entire infected group. This study concludes that during trypanosome infection phases, serum enzyme; urea and potassium were elevated while Na+, Cl- and HCO3 ions were decreased.

Vertical root fracture(VRF) is one of the common reasons for extraction of endodontically treated teeth. Though many options of saving such teeth were available, they were not of much success. Therefore the objective of this article is to discuss one such case. A 50 year old male patient reported with Vertical root fracture and 15 mm of periodontal probing depth in the distal aspect of 14. Radiographic examination indicated vertical root fracture. Dual cure nanoionomer cement, Ketac N100 was used to seal the fracture followed by guided tissue regeneration therapy with amniotic membrane. The use of dual cure nanoionomer cement and amniotic membrane showed favourable results as the pocket probing depth reduced to 5mm and bone formation was appreciated radiographically at 1 year. It can be concluded that the combination of dual cure nanoionomer and amniotic membrane may be a suitable approach in the management of Vertical root fracture since it remarkably improved the prognosis of the tooth.

This paper examines the impact of financial development on the rates of investment in physical and human capital, again with and without accounting for country fixed effects. The development of financial sector through effective utilization of domestic resources is vital for economic growth and poverty reduction. During the first half of the 1990s Bangladesh experienced major financial sector reforms which included the liberalization of interest rates, improvement of monetary policy, abolishing priority sector lending, strengthening central bank supervision, regulating banks, improving debt recovery and broadening capital market development. To the extent that financial development facilitates growth by encouraging factor accumulation; we should observe their impact in these direct specifications.