The aim of the study was to determine the antibacterial activity of pure Bacopa monnieri extract on periodontopathogenic bacteria; Porphyromonas gingivalis(Pg), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Fusobacteria nucleatum (Fn) & Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) and Time kill curve assay were performed to assess the antibacterial effect of both ethanolic and aqueous extract of pure bacopa monnieri against periodontopathogenic bacteria by serial dilution method and colony forming units respectively. MIC values of ethanolic extract were in a range of 25-100 µg/ml for Pi, Fn and Pg and Aa showed a value of 0.8 µg/ml whereas the MIC values of aqueous extracts were in a range of 50-100 µg/ml and that of Aa was 0.4 µg/ml. The time kill curve showed a fast and sharp antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extract over Pi, Fn and Aa at baseline (0 min) whereas Pg showed no growth of colonies at 2 hours.The ethanolic and aqueous extract of Bacopa monnieri exhibited durable antibacterial activity on common periodontogenic bacteria.

This study, which examines the productivity of Lagoon cattle farms located on the islands at risk of flooding in the municipality of Sô-Ava in the Oueme river valley in southern Benin, took place between November and December 2016. It concerns 95 farms of bovine Lagoon distributed on the various islands of the Municipality. These operations have a total of 2496 head of Lagoon cattle herds. It aims to compare the demographic parameters obtained on the different islands during the last year and that of 2010 where the island experienced a flood. Data were collected from a 12-month retrospective survey (12MO). The annual demographic parameters (annual rate, calving, abortion, stillbirth, mortality, annual net growth, annual exploitation rate and annual rate of multiplication) were calculated and analyzed under software R3.3.2. Thanks to the t12mo package. Except for the mortality rate, there were no significant changes in reproductive rates (p> 0.05) regardless of the herd of residence of the herds. The annual mortality rate was significantly higher (p <0.05) on the Dekanmey, Houedo and Sô-Ava islands compared to that of the Ahomey Lokpo island (0.124, 0.142, 0.113, vs 0.071an-1). The year had a significant effect on the demographic parameters (p <0.05) as well as on the overall demographic indicators obtained. Implementation of a resilient model to climate shocks would be an incentive for the sustainable management of these farms.

Abstract: The study examines the relationship between female teachers’ self-efficacy and their aspiration for leadership positions in public primary schools in Kericho County, Kenya. Although more women today are joining the teaching profession, a gender gap in leadership in favour of men persists in primary schools in Kenya. Notably, women hold less than 20% of all leadership positions in primary schools in Kericho County. It is founded on the Theory of planned behaviour and the Model of Administrative Career Mobility, from which a conceptual framework was formulated. A mixed method design was utilized. A survey questionnaire and an interview schedule were used to collect data. The study population consisted of all 461 public primary schools in Kericho County. The study employed stratified and simple random sampling techniques to sample 327 female teacher respondents from the target population. Female senior teachers and deputy head teachers were purposively sampled from the sample of schools. This study employed the concurrent triangulation strategy to analyse and interpret data. Descriptive techniques, One-Way Analysis of Variance, the Pearson Product Moment correlation and regression analysis were used to analyse the quantitative data. The qualitative data obtained from the interviews were transcribed, organized into categories, sub categories and themes, and presented in prose form. The study established a significant positive relationship between self-efficacy of the female teacher and their leadership aspiration with a coefficient of 0.373 at p-value of 0.05, accounting for 14% of the variability in leadership aspiration. The study recommends the development of programs for enhancing the access of female teachers to leadership positions in primary schools in light of their high aspiration for leadership. The study also contributes to the body of literature on women in educational leadership in Kenya.

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to analyze the correlation among organizational culture, work motivation, and library satisfaction at State Universities in Jambi Province. The quantitave approach used in this study with survey method conducted at two university libraries in Jambi Province. Proportional sampling was used in which 206 from 2446 undergraduate students as library users fullfilled written questionnaire. Multiple regression continued with determinationanalysis were used to analyze the data. The findings showed that organizational culture and work motivation are significantly correlated with library user satisfaction either partially or simultaneously. To sum up, all hypotheses were accepted.This study implies that library satisfaction service can be achieved through creating organizational culture and work motivation. The better implementation in organizational cultureand work motivation can create higher library users’ satisfaction.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the dietary practices and nutrition status of adult pulmonary TB patients attending Nyeri County Referral Hospital, Kenya. The study adopted a cross-sectional analytical design. A sample of 135 participants was calculated using the modified Fisher Formula. The study targeted adult pulmonary TB patients attending TB Clinic. A structured questionnaire and a focus group discussion guide were used to collect data. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. About 48.1% of the participants were underweight while 45.9% were normal and 3.7% were overweight. Chi-square tests showed significant relationships between gender (χ2 = 10.917, p=0.012), age (χ2 = 12.261, p=0.046) and income (χ2 15.584, = p=0.036) were significant to nutrition status among the socio-demographic characteristics. Pearson correlation analysis showed a weak relationship (r=0.173, p=0.045) between number of meals per day and nutrition status of TB patients. The study concluded that adult pulmonary TB patients attending Nyeri county referral hospital had poor dietary practices, which led to poor nutrition status. The study recommended that food assistance programs should be strengthened by the government in conjunction with non-governmental organizations to help in mitigating increased vulnerability to food insecurity among TB-affected households.

Abstract: The study examines the dynamics of help seeking strategies among battered women in spousal relationships in Nakuru West Sub County, Kenya. This research was motivated by the verity that even though wife battering has for long been recognized as not only a health hazard but also a grave violation of human rights, it continues to be prevalent in many families. Two theories; Battered Women Syndrome Theory and Survivor Theory guided the study. Snowball and purposive sampling methods were used to identify the sample size required. A qualitative research methodology employing an Interview Schedule, Focus Group Discussions and Key Informants Guides was employed as the tools of data collection and data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study found that (80.0%) of the battered women do not always seek help. This study recommends social solutions to wife battering because findings conclude that it is a social problem. The study also recommends that policies to curb battering be more stringent in order to deal with the menace thereby empowering women who are key pillars to family welfare and by extension stable society.

Abstract: This paper is an analysis of articles 32 (freedom of conscience, religion, belief and opinion), articles 33 (freedom of expression) and article 34 (freedom of media) under Chapter 4 (Bill of Rights) of the Constitution of Kenya. The aim is to identify international human rights instruments from which these articles’ provisions were borrowed and domesticated. The questions to be answered are: (1) Which international human rights instruments contain provisions similar to articles 32, 33 and 34 of the Constitution of Kenya? (2) What are the exceptions when trying to claim the right to these freedoms? (3) What is the role of media in entrenching these freedoms and provisions? In addition (4), what are some cases in Kenya that relate to these provisions or their violations and how has media handled them? This being an analytical paper, the data collection was based on archival records (of media reports and investigative documentaries) where the main document is the constitution of Kenya. The Inter-pretivist approach is used to get sense and meaning of the selected articles of the constitution of Kenya. The paper demonstrates that the Kenyan constitution is a hybrid of various IHR instruments making it among the best law of the land, especially on the bill of rights. Like any other bill of rights provisions, the KBR has limitations that individuals and institutions need to understand in order to enjoy the provisions of the analyzed articles. It was also demonstrated that the media has the highest obligation, as a cultural institution to not only inform and educate the populace about the constitution but more on advocating for the adherence of the provisions by state organs and other institutions in the land as demonstrated by especially investigative reports of human rights violations in Kenya.

Abstract: This paper examines the likelihood of efficiency given stability in a competitive market (banking system). Apparently, a financial crisis emanates from instability and inefficiency in the financial system(s) wherein the banking system is a key institution. Therefore, our concern geared towards maintaining both stability and efficiency in the banking system to avoid global financial crisis (contagion effect) using Bayesian Techniques. We deciphered a 1-1 mapping between the stability & efficiency indexes. We also discovered variant forms of relationships existing between stability and efficiency indexes (scores). Our findings identified levels of Stability that are highly predictive of certain levels of efficiency. Sequel to these findings we recommend contingent planning; which makes plans considering possible actions, consequences, and objectives towards achieving the desired levels of stability and efficiency in the system.

Abstract: The number seven mentioned in many religions, also it’s the lucky number for others. 7 is that the solely dimension, besides the acquainted three, within which a vector are often outlined. Seven is that the lowest number that can't be painted because the total of the squares of 3 integers. In the present article, we endeavors to shed light on the mathematical relationships, that shows the relationship between numbers 6, 7 and with the different ranks, consisting of the one digit or two digits and so on if we repeater to make it consist of six digits or its double- digit all of them are divisible by 7.

HIV/AIDS is a major threat to the lives of young people given that about half of all new HIV infections occur amongst those aged 15-24 years. The AIDS pandemic continues to have a profound effect on families whether deaf or hearing. There is an international HIV/AIDS epidemic affecting Deaf communities in every part of the globe. NYAWERI VCT for the deaf in Western Kenya was established in September 2004 to respond to the needs of deaf people including poor access to information about HIV/AIDS, safe sex, inadequate treatment programmes, and issues such as confidentiality in the community. The purpose of this evaluation was to establish the level of knowledge on HIV/AIDS and risk avoidance practices so far acquired by deaf youth in Nyanza and Western Provinces.

The present research was designed to investigate the gender differences in depression among medical students. The sample was consisted of 500 students (250 male and 250 female) ranging in age from 18 to 26 years. The sample was randomly selected from Nishtar Medical and Dental College Multan. The Beck Depression Inventory BDI-II, [1] was administered to collect the data .The data was analyzed by using Means Standard deviation and t test. The results revealed significant differences between male and female in depression. The results further indicated that female research participants scored high on depression scale as compared to male research participants.

Emotional Intelligence [EI] refers to the ability to perceive, control and evaluate emotions. In this paper, the author has analyzed the emotional intelligence among the B.Ed. student teachers. The objective of the study is to assess the emotional intelligence among the B.Ed. student teachers with respect to the background variables. The sample comprised 360 B.Ed. student teachers studying in B.Ed. colleges from Chennai and Tiruvallur Districts of Tamilnadu. Emotional Intelligence Scale constructed and standardized by Anukool Hyde and Sanjyot Pethe and it was used for the collection of data. The investigator used descriptive analysis, ttest, and F- test for analysis of data. The study results reveals that the most of the student teachers have moderate level of emotional intelligence. Female student teachers have more emotional intelligence compared to male student teachers. It is concluded that there is no significant difference between Tamil and English medium B.Ed. student teachers with regard to overall emotional intelligence. The study reveals that there is no significant difference in overall emotional intelligence with respect to Locality. The Government aided college student teachers have more emotional intelligence compared to their counterparts.

Micro-teaching is a teacher training and faculty development technique whereby the teacher reviews a recording of a teaching session, in order to get constructive feedback from peers and/or students about what has worked and what improvements can be made to their teaching technique. In the original process, a teacher was asked to prepare a short lesson (usually 20 minutes) for a small group of learners who may not have been their own students. This was then recorded on video. After the lesson, the teacher, teaching colleagues, a master teacher and the students together viewed the videotape and commented on what they saw happening, referencing the teacher's learning objectives. Seeing the video and getting comments from colleagues and students provided teachers with an often intense "under the microscope" view of their teaching. Following paper discuss different aspects of microteaching.

Evaluation of teaching is not a science and there is already a considerable body of knowledge discussing these relations about teaching evaluation. There is no simple system for evaluating the quality of faculty teaching in physiotherapy education field. The main objectives of this study was to develop a scale which consists of items seeking an opinion from students on both the clinical and academic areas of the teaching of a physiotherapy teacher and to establish the content construct validity and internal reliability of the components of the scale. Physiotherapy teacher evaluation scale (PhyTES), a self-reported Likert's type scale which consists of 22 items to be attempted by the students to evaluate a physiotherapy teacher. The participants were from Sarvajanik College of physiotherapy, a premier institute affiliated to Veer Narmad South Gujarat University. A principal component analysis was run to establish construct validity of the items in the scale and an item analysis was done to check the reliability of the scale components and its Cronbach's alpha. It was gratifying to note that, the reduction of the items from 22 in the original instrument to 15 in the final version resulted in a significant improvement in reliability, validity or consistency of the scale And the component Factors or dimensions which were extracted from the analysis were named as Academic interest, personal attributes, concern for teaching, time management, and student concern.

This article presents a reflection on the production of biofuel as an economic practice capable of promoting the social inclusion of the family farmer from the development of social entrepreneurship. An analysis of an article and other authors dealing with intersectoriality will be made as an essential element for the strengthening of the individual in society. In the texts consulted we find authors who present a theoretical background on the Brazilian energy matrix, the production of biofuels, Brazilian legislation, intersectoriality and examples that favor the family farmer in the search for their social inclusion through a support network.