This article compares the educational systems of Iran and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, critically reviewing the sources of secondary sources associated with these two countries. It examines and compares the history of education in Pakistan and Iran, the law, the school level and structure of education, universal primary education, quality of education, language and women's education. This comparison reveals the rapid development of Iran in education, especially after the revolution, while Pakistan lags far behind Iran in the field of education. Therefore, this article also highlights the status quo and shortcomings of Pakistan's education system.

This paper investigates the linear stability of two superposed Maxwell viscoelastic fluid layers in the presence of a uniform horizontal magnetic field. A normal-mode analysis is applied to the governing MHD equations to derive the dispersion relation for interfacial disturbances. The results show that the viscosity and permeability of porous medium both have destabilizing influence on the growth rate of unstable mode of disturbance.

Botriomycome exceptionally reveals an infectious bone site. We report a case of botriomycoma revealing tuberculosis osteitis of the tibia in a 38-year-old man without particulars antecedents, who consulted for a cutaneous lesion at the 1/3 proximal of the left leg evolving over 4 months, with bone involvement in imaging, in whom the histological examination of the cutaneous and bone lesions allowed the diagnosis of botriomycoma on an underlying tuberculosis osteitis. Following surgical management associated with anti-tuberculosis treatment, the outcome was favorable. Botriomycoma is a well-known but little reported entity in the literature. It is a benign tumor that often reveals an underlying infectious but rarely bone site. Our case is the first in which this tumor allows us to discover tuberculosis osteitis of the tibia.

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have become a hot research area over the past few years. The main purpose of VANETs is to improve traffic safety, traffic efficiency, and driving comfort. Particularly, traffic safety attracts the great attention of government, academia, and industry, because it is the most critical aspect of VANETs related to human lives. Therefore, many safety applications in VANETs have been proposed and investigated. However, how to guarantee the reliability of safety applications in VANETs is a big challenge, considering its natures of vehicle mobility and ad-hoc connection. In this paper, we provide an overview of VANETs for safety applications. Then, we discuss the specific reliability requirements in VANETs and the corresponding quality of service (QoS) metrics. Furthermore, based on these requirements and metrics, we analyse and evaluate whether or not current VANETs are able to support safety applications with stringent reliability requirements. New insights into potential enhancements from perspective of both new dynamic QoS requirements and radio resource sharing are provided and discussed. Finally, we illustrate future research directions to improve the reliability of VANETs for safety applications.

The term „predatory publishing‟ was coined by Jeffery Beall in 2010 for the journals; unprofessionally exploit the open access model for profit. He also developed a list of predatory publishers called as Beal‟s list. India emerged as a world‟s largest base of predatory publishers followed by U.S.A and Nigeria according to a recent research. Hence the present study was aimed to assess the knowledge and awareness of faculty members of three different dental colleges in India regarding predatory publishing.A cross sectional survey was performed in three different dental institutions with the consent of the ethical board of our Institute. The study was designed in a questionnaire form which was used to assess the awareness and knowledge of dental academicians of three different dental institutes of Jaipur city regarding predatory publishing. In addition printouts of Beall‟s list were given to the faculty and asked whether they had already published their papers in the journal given in the list. The data accumulated were grouped and analyzed. Total of 121 faculty members of three different colleges were grouped according to their rank in the department and analyzed. 30.5% of the faculty members were aware about predatory journals. Higher proportions of professors and readers were aware about predatory publishing comparing to senior lecturers. On publication, it was found that 52% of the faculty members published their papers in predatory journals. Adequate knowledge of dental academicians towards this unethical practice is mandatory because predatory journals may take away not only your money but also your prestige and academic reputation.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the Information and communication technology (ICT) challenges are being faced by the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the service sector of Pakistan. Quantitative research methodology is adopted by using the close ended questionnaire as a data collection tool. For the purpose of this study, nine challenges which are well documented in the literature being faced by the service industries in Pakistan are hypothesized. Out of these nine challenges, six are being accepted; however, three are rejected in the light of the responses received from the stakeholders. The accepted assumptions are unavailability, complexity of technology, limited speed of broadband, unskilled staff, frequent disconnection, and incomplete online payment process evaluated, those variables significantly influence to the performance & growth of SMEs in Pakistan. On the other hand, the results also indicate that affordability, lack of trust and cyber threats assumptions rejected. Since all these variables categorized in to three main factors i.e are ICT access, ICT infrastructure, and ICT securities. Additionally, the results indicate that these three factors are significant influenced on the performance of SMEs. Finally, findings of this study suggest that government need to empower ICT infrastructure on the basis of regional uniformity, and provide flexible policy regulations for creating strong bridge between SMEs and ICT, so that to minimize challenges and can contribute more in the development of country.

This sociological research analysis was conducted during the year 2017 in the month of August to December. This study explored some factors in relation to alcohol & tobacco use among labourer class (from 18 years – below 50) age group. The present case study has been done on labour class working in the organized & unorganized sector and was carried out in an industrial town of Baddi, Himachal Pradesh which is known as the pharmaceutical capital of India. This study was focused on the socio-economic implication of alcohol & tobacco on the life of industrial worker’s family. The purposive sampling was used to decide the samples and three case studies were carried out with the help of some focused group discussion conducted with the community members. The target population was the user (both alcohol & tobacco) & one of the family members residing with him/her. This involved purposively chosen families who narrated the stories about alcohol & tobacco and it’s harmfully impacts on them. These families helped the researcher to observe some qualitative findings based on these two intoxicants. The present result suggested that socio-cultural, religion-custom, beliefs factors played an important role in context with alcohol & tobacco consumption. This affects the marriage stability, emotional well-being of the child, user’s behaviour, misuse of these two intoxicants.

Abstract: Essential oil of Fagara macrophylla from DR Congo was tested for antihemolytic, radical scavenging and antibacterial activities. The extraction gives an essential oil yield of 1.08 %, density of 0.7066 and refractive index of 1.4721 20°C. Aqueous and methanolic extracts showed high antisickling activity with the normalization rate (NR), the minimal concentration of normalization (MCN) and the concentration that normalized 50% of RBC (ED50) for aqueous extract of respectively 93%, 8µg/mL and 0.43µg/mL and for the methanolic extract NR, MCN and ED50 are respectively of 91%, 12µg/mL and 0.60µg/mL. The essential oil showed no antisickling activity but weak antihemolytic and radical scavenging activities. The F macrophylla essential oil showed higher bacterial activity on Staphylococcus aureus than the two antibiotics used as standards (Meropenem, Ceftriaxone).

This study was done in Arusha Municipality to find out relationship between Christian Parenting and Employment in SDA perspective. Objectives which guided this study were; to investigate the problems of Christian parenting in SDA Church perspective in Arusha municipality, to find out ways in which parents will balance Christian parenting and employment in SDA perspective in Arusha municipality and to recommend a model of a better balance of employment and Christian parenting in SDA perspective in Arusha municipality. The study employed qualitative approach which dealt with perspectives and believes of SDA believers on how they view relationship between Christian parenting and employment. Five Pastors from Arusha municipality, five Lectures from the University of Arusha, 25 church elders and church member from five SDA churches in Arusha municipality were purposive selected to represent other DSAs in Arusha municipality in regard to this topic. Findings showed that Christian parenting and employment are related and parents are not supposed to ignore employment because of situation analysis of the contemporary world; moreover they are not supposed to overlook parenting responsibilities because of the busy world of employment, both are needed in the family cycle. Therefore parents should balance by establishing self employment, or mothers may retire from work during first eight years of their children and also mothers may look for employment after eight years of their children.

W.H Auden belongs to Key 1930s and Philip Larkin belongs to The Movement. Even though they belong to different genres of poetry, they have some similarities and differences. In the early age, Philip Larkin was influenced by W.H Auden. Through W.H Auden’s poem, Larkin sought his own voice. Therefore this paper makes a comparison between W.H Auden and Philip Larkin. From this paper we will have a clear understanding on their differences as well as similarities. According to the comparison, it will help us understand the two poets more clearly.

Resilience is the process by which one is capable of managing stress or trauma. The young adult individuals have their own capacities that they use to deal with obstacles and their problems and eventually to go on with their lives. Resilience can be most useful in traumatic situations like parental death. This paper studies the literature to understand the effects that parental death causes on early adult population and the different sources that help an individual in being resilient. Parental death has seen to cause various effects like decreased competency, depressive symptoms, low psychological well-being, increased binge eating, etc. among individuals. Supporting others, using our strengths, family support, coping styles have been found in various studies as important factors in being resilient. Thus it is necessary to study, find out and make available to the aforementioned vulnerable population, especially in India the different activities, factors or techniques of building resilience. This would help them overcome situations through understanding resilience as a protective factor.

India, near to fertility transition, received a large demographic dividend which has already started. At present more than 64% „economically active‟ people live in India, popularly known as „demographic dividend‟. In near future „window of opportunity‟ will convert to „burden‟ due to increasing percentage share of elderly population in demographic architecture. India will enjoy the demographic dividend for next twenty five to thirty years. So augmentation of job in industrial economy and skill development programme should be prime focus. In this regard “Coordinated Action on Skill Development” with three-tier institutional structure is an important Governmental initiative since eleventh five year plan. Unfortunately the scheme failed to fulfill its training target each and every year and the people are less interested because after completion of successful training employment is not guaranteed. Above all the industrial growth is the key of succession. Government should review industrial policy and emphasized on manufacturing industries. Small and medium scale industries should encourage in small urban centers and in country side. Otherwise 64 percent economically active population will not be considered as dividend.

The study assessed the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) competencies possessed by students of Teacher Education Department, Niger Delta University, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. It adopted a descriptive survey design. Six research questions guided the study. Two hundred (200; 82 males and 118 females) teacher education students formed the sample of the study; the sample comprised fifty (50) students from each level. A validated fifty-nine (59) items on a four point Likert scale questionnaire titled Students’ Competencies on Information and Communication Technology (SCICT) was used for data collection. Cronbach Alpha was used to establish the reliability index of the instrument as 0.71. The data collected were analyzed with frequency, simple percentage and mean. It was found that respondents possessed competencies in basic computer knowledge, word processing and electronic communication and fair in spreadsheet, power point and multimedia applications. It was recommended, among others, that students in Teacher Education Department should be given sufficient training on how to use ICT in their academic studies.

Nowadays, in China, English is regarded as a foreign language and college English courses are offered in nearly all the colleges and universities. However, teaching English in colleges inevitably exists some problems. During the teaching process, teachers mainly occupies the dominant position and students are short of communication with teachers and among students themselves, and part of teaching content is out of date and exercises are stereotyped, which lead to the imbalance in foreign language classroom ecology. Therefore, based on the perspective of eco-linguistics, the paper aims to explore strategies in college English teaching in order to build the ecological and harmonious college English classroom.

Various models have been developed to help firms analyze and evaluate the perfect dividend policy and there is no agreement between these schools of thought over the factors that affect dividend payout. The dividend policy decision is one of the most important decisions in any organization. This study sought to establish the factors that affect dividend payout of listed commercial banks in Kenya. Specifically profitability, liquidity, firm size and past dividend were determined if they affected dividend payout among listed commercial banks in Kenya. The study was based on the Bird in Hand Theory. A correlational research design was used to examine relationship among the variables. The target population for this study consisted of all listed commercial banks in Kenya. Purposive sampling procedure was used to select listed commercial banks for the study. The study employed secondary data which was obtained from the financial statements of the commercial banks for a period of five years ranging from 2012 to 2016.. The study showed that profitability, liquidity, firm size and past DPS accounted for 77.69% of variations in dividend payout for listed commercial banks. All the four factors were found to be significant in affecting dividend payout for the listed commercial banks. Profitability and past dividend per share were found to be positively correlated with dividend payout while liquidity and firm size were found to be negatively correlated with dividend payout. The researcher recommends more research to be done taking into consideration other factors. These include factors such as the commercial banks management, legal environment and competition within the banking industry.