Tornwaldt’s cyst is an uncommon midline nasopharyngeal cyst that arises from the pharyngeal bursa on the posterior nasopharynx. They represent as a communication between notochord remnants and the pharyngeal endoderm. Occlusion of this communication results in the formation of Tornwaldt’s cyst. Development of these cysts has been linked to scarring from prior adenoidectomy and nasopharyngeal inflammation. It is usually small and accidentally diagnosed on rhinoscopy, computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Clinical symptoms of nasopharyngeal cysts may include fullness in the ear, tinnitus, nasal obstruction, dysphagia, dysarthria, dysphonia, odynophagia, halitosis, cephalgia, or stiffness of cervical muscles. We report a case of a 24-year-old male with as an isolated nasal obstruction and discuss the clinical, radiological features, and the differential diagnosis of these cysts

Abstract: Poor Maternal nutrition, especially in rural setting adversely affects pregnancy and birth outcome. In all cultures, certain beliefs exist surrounding what facilitates a good pregnancy and its outcome as well as negative sanctions. Taboo and misconception regarding food, nutrition, rituals which people follow are discussed in this study. A Cross- sectional study was done on females attending ante natal care OPD at tertiary care hospital at Jaipur. A predesigned questionnaire was used. Before interview, subjects were informed the purpose of the study. All pregnant women attending the OPD were interviewed regarding different kind of beliefs, misbelieves, taboos related to pregnancy, diet, food habits, and breastfeeding. Out of 400 women interviewed 50 percent were between 20-30 yrs and 36 percent were illiterate. Most common taboos were use of knife or kala tika to prevent evil eye, use of herbal medications for having son, covering of head and ears after delivery and use of castor oil or ghee to facilitate normal delivery and avoidance of certain foods, considering them hot and cold. Reasons were many as they cause abortions, difficult labour. Larger population of women and their families still believe in old unscientific tales. With increase in literacy status such taboos and misconception can be removed. There is need of nutritional education and awareness generation among women.

Abstract: Abnormal uterine bleeding is the most common complaint in gynecology. Dilatation and Curettage is a blind procedure. Hysteroscopy has ushered in a new era in the evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding. By direct visualization of the uterine cavity it is able to pin point the etiology. This study evaluates the role of hysteroscopy in the diagnosis of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding and its correlation with histopathological findings. The Prospective study was conducted in Department Of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Mahatma Gandhi Institute Of Medical Sciences ,a Rural tertiary Hospital of Central India over a period of one year. A total of 50 subjects ,women of age group 30-60 years, in one year, having abnormal uterine bleeding were included in study. Prospective study was done to know hysteroscopic correlation with histopathology. In this study abnormal findings on hysteroscopy were found in 26 patients (52%), while in the remaining 24 patients (48%) no abnormality was detected. The results of hysteroscopy and dilatation and curettage were in agreement in 84% patients, hysteroscopy revealed more information than curettage in 12 % patients and curettage revealed more information than hysteroscopy in 4% patients. Hysteroscopy is an important diagnostic tool in evaluation of AUB and can be considered superior to curettage. It is a safe, reliable, feasible and quick procedure.

Abstract: Abnormal and heavy bleeding during menses is a one of the common menstrual abnormality during puberty and adolescence. Puberty menorrhagia is most often due to physiological immaturity of neuro hormonal mechanism of control of menstruation and ovulation. Sometimes it may be an expression of some hidden endocrinal or haematological disturbance. A prospective cross sectional study was carried out to analyse the demographic profile, clinical presentation and treatment outcome of 28 cases of puberty menorrhagia reported over a period of three years at Pravara Rural Hospital, Loni, Ahmednagar district in Maharashtra. It was observed that 54 percent of cases were in the age group of 13-14 years. The duration of symptom was less than three months in 61 percent cases. Anaemia was observed in 93% of cases, of which 50% cases had severe anaemia. Anovulatory DUB was the commonest cause (75% cases) for menorrhagia, other causes being Hypothyroidism (11% cases) and Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (7% cases). Majority of cases responded to either progestogen therapy (64%) and remaining to either combination of oestrogen and progesterone (32%) or oestrogen (4%) alone. All cases were given haemostatic agents in the form of either ethamsylate or tranexamic acid.Oral iron supplements were given to all cases. Cases with hypothyroidism and idiopathic thrombocytopenia were treated with throxine and platelet transfusions respectively. Six cases (21.42%) required admission in intensive care unit for severe anemia with haemoglobin percentage of less than 2.5gram percent. One girl succumbed to congestive cardiac failure due to severe anaemia. She had reported in gasping condition in casualty. Puberty menorrhagia is one of the commonest menstrual abnormalities during adolescent age group. The heavy menstrual blood loss may result into anaemia and panic reaction in girl child and her parents. Early consultation with Gynaecologist, performance of necessary investigations and treatment with hormones, haemostatic and haematinic drugs usually give relief.

Hamstring tightness continues to be a risk factor for hamstring injuries among active individuals and sports players. Various interventions have been performed to find the most effective method to improve flexibility. The purpose of the study therefore, is to explore the effect of a neurodynamic sliding technique on hamstring flexibility among recreational sports players. Quasi experimental study design, pre and post study type. Male subjects within the age of 18-24 who were unable to complete finger floor test were included. Subjects with hamstring injury within the past years and multiple fractures were excluded. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria subjects were divided into two groups: Group A and Group B. Group A received neurodynamic sliding intervention over a period of 4 weeks and group B received active hamstring stretching exercises over a period of 4 weeks. At the end of the study, significant difference between the group A and B with p value <0.05 was found. Mean values for straight leg raise test (SLR) were significantly higher for the group A when compared to the group B and while the mean values for finger floor test (FFT) were significantly lower for the group A when compared to the group B. This study concludes that the intervention of neurodynamic sliding among the recreational players increases the flexibility of hamstring more than the active hamstring stretching when measured by the straight leg raise test and finger floor test.

The present study aimed at the In Vitro Evaluation of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity of Apium graveolens dulce and Bryophyllum pinnatum kurz. The activity was performed usingethanolic extract of leaves and stalk of Apium graveolens dulce and fresh juice of leaves of Bryophyllum pinnatum kurz at various concentrations (100µg, 200µg, 300µg, 400µg, 500µg, 600µg, 700 µg, 800µg). In this study Allopurinol was used as a standard drug. The results were noted in terms of highest percentage inhibition of Xanthine oxidase. The combination of ethanolic extract of leaves and stalk of Apium graveolens dulce and fresh juiceof leaves of Bryophyllum pinnatum kurz shows significant effect at highest concentration such as 800µg in combination group

The study is aimed at determining the relationship between environment knowledge and self-efficacy with responsibility environment behavior in the city of Gorontalo. The method used in this research is a survey with correlational techniques. This method describes the phenomena on the relationship between variables. This study consists of two independent variables, namely knowledge of the environment (X1) and self efficacy (X2) and one dependent variable that is responsibility environment behavior (Y). The result of the research is the relationship between knowledge of the environment with responsibility environment behavior. There is a relationship between self-efficacy with responsibility environment behavior. There is a relationship between environment knowledge and self-efficacy simultaneously with responsibility environment behavior. Based on the results of the research it can be concluded that responsibility environment behavior is depend on knowledge of the environment and self-efficacy both partial and simultaneous.

Smoking is a pernicious scourge of the world today. Smoking is well known to increase the risk of pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases by affecting the cardio–pulmonary functions. Hence, emphasis should be paid on preventive strategies of these disorders. Our study was to evaluate the effect of smoking on lung functions and lipid profile in asymptomatic smokers. A total of 100 male subjects were included which were equally divided in to two groups i.e. of smokers and non – smokers. The lung function tests and lipid profile was carried out on each subject in both the groups. No statistically significant difference was seen in the baseline characteristics of the two groups. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding mean values of blood pressure and heart rate, though; values were higher in smokers as compared to non-smokers. All the spirometric values in the two groups had statistically highly significant difference and were higher in non-smokers as compared to smokers. The spirometric values were reduced in smokers with history of smoking for as low as two pack years. No statistically significant difference was seen in the mean HDL – cholestrerol values in the two groups. Although the smokers were young and asymptomatic, still the spirometric and lipid values were significantly deranged as compared to controls. Even smokers with history of less pack years of smoking also had significant abnormalities of lung function. All spirometric and lipid parameters deteriorated significantly with increasing pack years of smoking

Histomorphological assessment of the testes of mice exposed to the ethanolic seed extract of Mucuna urens were investigated in 24 male mice weighing between 20 – 30g. The mice were divided into four groups of six mice each. Group 1 was the control, while group 2, 3 and 4 were the experimental groups. 80 seeds of Mucuna urens were macerated and the content was extracted using 1000mls of absolute alcohol, filtered and dried in water-bath at 45°C. 1000mg of the extract was dissolved in 50mls of distilled water and 50mls of 30% tween 80. The extract was administered orally for 7 days. Group 1 was administered 5ml distilled water, group 2 were administered 100mg/kg of ethanolic seed extract of Mucuna urens, group 3 were administered 200mg/kg of ethanolic seed extract of Mucuna urens and group 4 were administered 300mg/kg of ethanolic seed extract of Mucuna urens. After sacrifice, the testes was harvested and fixed in 10% buffered formalin, dehydrated in alcohol, cleared in xylene, infiltrated in molten paraffin wax and embedded. The tissues were processed to paraffin sections, cut at 5 microns, stained in H&E staining technique and the cytoarchitecture was viewed with light microscope. Photomicrograph of group 1 showed normal blood vessels, seminiferous tubules and interstitial connective tissues. Photomicrograph of group 2 showed lesion blood vessels, shrinking seminiferous tubule and mild eroded interstitial connective tissues. Photomicrograph of group 3 showed hemorrhage, severely shrinking seminiferous tubules and severely eroded interstitial connectively tissue. Photomicrograph of group 4 showed degenerated blood vessels, degenerated seminiferous tubules and severely eroded interstitial connective tissues. Severity was dependent on dose and duration. The ethanolic seed extract of Mucuna urens may lead to fertility impairment by altering the ultrastructure of the testes.

This study intends to examine the relationship and impact between servant leadership and organizational commitment in the context of bank employees. Moreover, it intends to discover the differences between bank employees who are working in the local and foreign banks in the Northern Region of Malaysia. Questionnaires had been distributed among bankers in local and foreign banks in the states of the Northern States of Malaysia, namely Penang, Perak, and Kedah. Almost 300 questionnaires were distributed. This paper adapted servant leadership instrument from Van Dierendonck and Nuijten. Furthermore, the organizational commitment had been adopted from Meyer and Allen. The study provide a better understanding of the right leadership in fostering employees commitment, improve the leader-follower relationship and allow more leaders to realize the benefits of using servant leadership in increasing their relationship with their subordinates, influencing the subordinates’ positive job behavior as well as increasing their subordinates’ satisfaction and commitment with their job, department, and organization. Furthermore, this study urges the human resource department to conduct proper leadership training to their employees to promote new ideas toward servant leadership to improve the leadership skills among bank employees that may lead to rising up their organizational commitment.

A survey was done during 66 months (January 2010 to July 2015) in Tshopo province, Democratic Republic of the Congo, on the use of a vegetal specie called “Zila bokilo” in local language. This specie was identified as an ectomycorhizian mushroom, Tuber sp, used in cynegetic art as hunting bait in some villages in Tshopo province. The animals attracted by this mushroom include not only rodents ( 36.4%) among which Gambian pouched rat (Cricetomys eminii) but also animal of the Artiodactyla order (27.3%) such as the bush pig (Potamochoerus porcus), bay duiker (Cephalophus dorsalis), blue duiker (Cephalophus monticola); mycophagous animals such as monkey (Cercopithecus sp), turtle (Kinixys erosa), snail ( Achantina sp.), Thomas's rope squirrel (Funisciurus anerythrus) and curiously carnivore such as the jackal (Canis adustus). Tuber sp develops better on the roots of Gilbertiodendron dewevrei in sandy soil, not far from a river. Chemical screening of this specie showed the absence of toxic ions like oxalates, cyanides, nitrates and nitrites indicating that this mushroom could be edible. Its attracting odor could be due to the abundance of terpenes in its chemical composition.

There are 10 (ten) intervention villages studied, there are 4 villages located in Muaro Jambi regency such as Rondang Village, Londrang, Rukan and Desa Manis Mato. While 6 (six) villages studied and located in Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency include: Parit Culum Village, Koto Kandis Dendang, Rahayu Catur, Jati Mulyo, Rawa Sari and Dawam Bay Village. The aim of study is to determine the condition of rural land around Londrang peatland, the socioeconomic condition of local villagers, the value income of the villagers associated with the Food and Non Food Poverty Line, and the value of the Community Contingent on the basis of willingness to pay/WTP and willingness to accept/WTA.The data of research were obtained from secondary data collection, followed by primary data collection, visiting villagers to conduct interviews packaged in group discussion activities and direct observation of the socioeconomic phenomena of the villagers.Based on the results of research, it is found that generally have the same livelihood from the agricultural sector. They are still in the primary sector and have not moved in the secondary stage in the form of agricultural processing activities. The economic condition of the villagers in the villages of Tanjung Jabung Regency Timur is relatively better than the economic condition of the villagers in Muaro Jambi Regency. The villagers researched and located in Tanjung Timur Regency are generally transmigration residents, at the same time villagers residing in Muaro Jambi District are local indigenous people with the condition of natural carrying capacity or land between 2 (two) areas in regency also different physical condition. Almost all of the studied villages above the poverty line according to BPS criteria, except for 1 village that is Manis Mato village in Muaro Jambi Regency is still below the poverty line. On average, all villagers still want the value of environmental sustainability, if measured is still from the high value of willingness to accept/WTA compared to willingness to pay/WTP.

This paper presents a review of the recent challenges on vapour-liquid condensation phenomena inside the annular tube. The condensation phenomenon is a main concern in nuclear power plant safety system. The condensation in annular tube is a complex phenomenon, which can classify into two categories: (i) condensation in liquid (Direct Contact Condensation) and (ii) condensation on the plate. In Newton’s Law Cooling, heat transfer surface area and surface temperature (i.e., bubble or plate) are the main parameters that need to be concerned. The heat surface area of condensation in annular tube can be determined by investigating void fraction for the desire flow pattern. In this article, the condensation phenomena are reviewed based on the amount of substantial research work conducted from the past decades to the present. Condensation phenomena in annular tube such as type of phase change, interfacial heat transfer, influence of flow structure and void fraction measurement method, are considered in the review. The future need and challenges of vapour-liquid condensation in an annular tube are also highlighted in this article.

SMEs are recognized as a most effective mechanism to push economic and social development. Their role becomes more important in Saudi economy which is in the diversification stage in an attempt to reduce KSA dependence on oil and to realize the Vision 2030. The government has established various institutions and working along with private sector to offer SMEs financial, technical and training support aimed at development of entrepreneurship. In this paper an attempt has been made to examine the status of SMEs and to identify & study the activities of the institutions extending financial and non-financial support to SMEs. The researcher has examined thirteen main institutions which are playing an important role in providing support in the areas of technology, marketing, financing, training, incubators, consultancy and policy & incentives. Finally suggestions have been extended for further improvement in order to capitalize the opportunities resulting in development and growth of entrepreneurship.

Cancer not only affects the physical body of the individual, but also the mind. Psychological Adjustment could be named as psychosocial adaptation and it is an ongoing process. The survivor who has optimum psychological adjustment manages his or her distress and problems well which helps them to manage the life events. It is a continuing process accompanied by multiple coping strategies. How the individual is trying to use the resources such as resiliency, support from the significant members in life, intra and inter personal relationships makes a lot of difference in how they cope. This research is an attempt to know those factors which helps the survivors to cope better in their life.