Silymarin, a flavonolignan contain phenolic and flavanoid component from Silybum marianum plant, is used for the strengthening against various liver conditions in both experimental models and clinical settings. Silybum marianum (milk thistle) has been used for centuries as an herbal medicine for the treatment of liver disease. Its use for various liver disorders due to drug as well as environmental factors. Silybum marianum contains silymarin, which is composed of the flavanolignans silybin, silydianin, and silychristine, with silybin being the most biologically active. Number of studies has established the cancer chemo preventive role of silymarin in both in vitro and in vivo models. Silymarin modulates imbalance between cell survival and apoptosis through intervention with the expressions of cell cycle regulators and proteins involved in apoptosis. Silymarin was found to be effective in the illness of organs like brain, prostate, lungs, heart, kidneys, pancreas and others. Silymarin act mainly by its antioxidative and free radical-scavenging properties, recently new molecular mechanisms based on the specific receptor interaction were discovered – e.g., modulation and inhibition of drug transporters, estrogenic receptors, P-glycoprotein, nuclear receptors and some others

The aim of this review was to evaluate literature on the efficacy of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) as a sole grafting material in sinus floor augmentation. The main advantage of PRF is the avoidance of a second surgical site needed for the harvest of autologous bone. A PubMed search was carried out, limited to human studies for articles on PRF as a sole grafting material. 15 unique results were found. Out of 15, 5 results met our inclusion criteria. All the studies were non-comparative and were analyzed for sample size, case-selection criteria, surgical technique, evaluation criteria, success rates and follow-up period. PRF showed promising results as a grafting material and is a relevant biomaterial for natural bone regeneration. Further, clinical studies including control groups in the form of randomized controlled clinical trials are required to establish the efficiency of PRF as a grafting material in sinus lift procedures.

The present study was aimed to evaluate in vitro anti-arthritic activity of methanolic leaf extract of Syzygium caryophyllatum (L.)Alston. Materials and Methods: The anti-arthritic activity of the leaf extract was evaluated by the in- vitro studies viz. effect on membrane stabilization, protein denaturation and proteinase inhibitory activity

This study draws on online focus group discussions made up of convenience sample of five businesses and face-to-face focus group discussions with fourteen participants randomly selected from university students in different faculties/departments at Delta State University, Abraka to explore the utilization of Instagram in Nigeria. Data were obtained differently through online response to questions from business operators via e-mail and direct interaction with participants through questions and answers sessions, and responses to the questions were coded by hand, and analyses using comparative method to determine majority and non- majority opinions to each question. The results yielded demographic picture of Instagram users serving as potential influence on the platform usability. Furthermore, the results indicates that Instagram is offering a new dimension in business advertisement and marketing of products to consumers, and photos and live videos as communication strategies, reflective of the semiotics principles The results noted that Instagram is creating a new life of sociability, and of selfpresentation and selfies as contemporary social behaviour with posting /selfportrait photos and live videos as identity marker and self-performance The study discussed the limitations relating to Instagram use and provide suggestions for further investigation to determine the impact of Instagram in Nigeria. The author concluded that the study has contributed to the advancement of literature in Instagram functionalities and social media research.

Cesarean section is a life-saving procedure that saves the life of mother and fetus. World Health organization has recommended a threshold rate of 15% caesarean section. It is a major healthcare issues now in all over the world and rising cesarean delivery rate higher than the optimal both in developed and developing countries. The main objective of this study is to assess the trends and magnitude of cesarean section. The study was carried out in one of the regional hospital in Western Nepal. It was the hospital based retrospective review that used the three years record information from data registry of maternity, gynae, operation theater, NICU of regional hospital. The prepared retrospective guidelines were used to collect the demographic, obstetrics and outcome variables of the study. The study analyzed the three years retrospective review of fiscal year 2070 – 2073. The overall magnitude of the cesarean section was 24.25%. The rate of Cesarean section was 23.91, 26.51 and 22.78 percent in the fiscal year 2070/71, 2071/71 and 2072/73 respectively. The study concludes that cesarean section rate was higher than WHO recommendation of particular regional hospital of Western Nepal. The trends of cesarean section seem rising in the year by Year

Today, Kenya Government is pursuing Vision 2030. Kenya Vision 2030 is the country‟s new development blueprint covering the period 2008 to 2030. It aims to transform Kenya into a newly industrializing, “middle-income country aims to ensure gender equity in power and resource distribution and increase participation of women in all economic, social and political decision making process. Further more education may also contribute to raising the quality of the labour force and hence increased productivity within a lifespan. The purpose of the study was to carry out an in-depth analysis on performance of women with that of men in relation to equity to University learning resources. Second to examine alternative strategic plans for enhance university student performance in science, mathematics and technology programmes. The theory used in this study was Liberal feminism. It is rooted in the tradition of 16th- and 17th-century liberal philosophy, which focused on the ideals of equality and liberty. The research design used in this study is ex post facto. The study was carried out in 3 Kenyan public and 3 private universities. Chi-square statistical test was used to establish relationships and variable traits while themes were derived from narrative data. The findings of this study revealed that in lower levels of education tier boys outdo girls in SMTs in terms of performance. However, at university level, men and women perform equally well. Contrary to general misconception that transition of women is not at same the rate as men, the study has shown that the difference is insignificant. The study has also established that there is no correlation between gender and preference of SMT programmes at university level. Government should set aside lots of capital to equip the SMTs facilities at all the universities.

Major challenge in ophthalmic drug delivery system is to locate the drug in precorneal site for some time as the applied dose has been washed out quickly in the lachrymal drainage. As well as it has been always a challenge in the drug delivery to formulate poorly soluble compound as conventional ophthalmic delivery like eye drops. Hence the purpose of the present study is to formulate ophthalmic in-situ nanoemulgels which are generally liquids at room temperature but exhibit sol‐to‐gel phase transition on the ocular surface due to change in specific physicochemical parameter like ionic strength, pH or temperature. The formulation was so designed to prolong the precorneal resident time thereby getting sustained delivery of drug and to improve bioavailability of poorly soluble model drug of curcumin by distributing it in nano globules of dispersed system. Different parameters of fabricated nanoemulgel like gelling capacity, gelation temperature, droplet size analysis, stability study, and refractive index, viscosity, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and drug release profile are evaluated. The physico-chemical evaluation reveals good rheological properties with instantaneous gelling capacity. Fourier Transform Infrared analysis (FTIR) study showed absence of incompatibility between the drug and polymer. The globular size found in nanometer range (below 200nm) and uniformity in size distribution (ploydispersity index 0.215-0.53) is studied by Malvern Zetasizer. Accelerated stability analysis ascertained the stability of formulation after storing at 40°C ± 2°C/75% RH ± 5% RH for 3 months. The drug release study of the formulations revealed sustained release of drug for the study period of 5 hours ranging from 31.87±2.12 to 61.77%±1.27. The developed thermosensitive nanoemulgel formulation is an effective ophthalmic delivery for getting sustained action of poorly soluble compound like curcumin

Evaluation of strategies in Kenya may be done either quantitatively or qualitatively. This is to ascertain whether the process of implementations will succeed in attaining the objectives or not. The specific objectives of the study were to determine existing leadership style utilized by schools in implementation of strategic plans in Masaba North Sub-County.and to evaluate alternative school leadership style for implementation of strategic plans in Masaba North Sub-County. The study used descriptive research design to get the information under investigation. The target population consisted of 31 Principals of public secondary schools, 31 BOM chairpersons, and 31 PTA chairpersons. The study used simple random sampling to select 10 Principals, 10 BOM chairpersons, and 10 PTA chairpersons to be given Questionnaires. The research instruments used to collect data was questionnaires. The questionnaires were made up of close-ended questions. Data collected was analyzed quantitatively, for descriptive statistics, frequency tables and percentages were used. The findings of the study show that for effective strategic plans implementation educational stakeholders must ensure that there is good leadership from the top to the bottom to ensure there is good coordination in all aspects, also effective decision making should be inclusively so that it that does not bring disputes along the way. The Education policy makers would find this study useful in formulating educational policy that would enable the schools to improve on strategic planning process and also in addressing the critical issues that may be affecting secondary school education.

The use of medicinal plants in human and animal health care systems is well documented in ancient literature. However, excessive consumption of these plants could cause damage to some body tissues as well as impair their functions. There is dearth of information on the medicinal use of Costus lucanusianus in males hence this study was designed to investigate the effect of methanolic leaf extract of C. lucanusianus (MLECL) on male reproductive parameters using albino rats as model. Twenty animals were divided into four groups. Group A (Control) received 0.5ml/kg of 20% Tween 80 (vehicle), Group B (100 mg/kg of MLECL), Group C (200 mg/kg of MLECL), Group D (300 mg/kg of MLECL) by oral gavage daily for 28 days. Thereafter, Animals were anaesthetized and testes collected, homogenized and used for determination of sperm characteristics. Blood was collected for hormonal assay (testosterone) using ELISA. Histopathological study of the testes and epididymides were conducted. Methanolic leaf extract of C. lucanusianus has no significant (p>0.05) effect on sperm cell count and characteristics relative to the control, although the percentage of the sluggishly motile sperm cells increased in a dose dependent manner. No abnormality was observed in the testicular and epididymal sections of rats in the treated groups except the thickened interstitial spaces of testicular sections of rats treated with 200 and 300 mg/kg MLECL. It is therefore concluded that Costus lucanusianus methanolic leaf extracts have no deleterious effect on male reproductive parameters and can be considered relatively safe in male fertility

Building on structurationist theory of sociology, Vygotskyian sociocultural theory, Chomskyian cognitive linguistics, and postmodern and poststructural logic regarding the decentered subject and indeterminacy of meaning this work explores the origins and nature of human consciousness, cognition, social action, learning, and development within Paul C. Mocombe‘s phenomenological structural sociology, phenomenological structuralism. The article attempts to synthesize Vygotskyian sociocultural theory with Chomskyian cognitive linguistics in order to offer a more complete understanding of human consciousness, action, cognition, learning, and development amidst the postmodern and post-structural attempt to decenter the subject.

Using cement dust in asphalt mixing can have many environmental advantages. Before widely adapting cement dust in asphalt paving, trial sections and adequate provisions should be provided. By pass cement dust is proposed within this research as an alternative to traditional mineral filler in hot mix asphalt (HMA). The effect of using waste cement dust as mineral filler on the Marshall properties of hot mix asphalt was investigated. The optimum cement dust content was determined. Five asphalt concrete mixtures with various cement dust contents, namely; 0%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 100% by weight of the filler were studied. Laboratory testing has revealed an enhancement in Marshall when cement dust was used. Marshall testing results have indicated an increase in the stability, unit weight and a decrease in the flow, voids ratio and voids in mineral aggregates when the percentage of cement dust content increases. The optimum cement dust ratio was found to be 100% of the used mineral filler. Hence, cement dust can totally replace filler in asphalt paving mixtures.

This article highlights and explores the hermeneutical phenomenology found in Haitian/Vilokan Idealism. The work posits that Haitian ontology, Vodou/Vilokan, gave rise to its epistemology, Haitian/Vilokan Idealism, which subsequently gave rise to the Vodou Ethic and the spirit of communism and the lakou system as its form of social and system integration, respectively. Within Haitian/Vilokan Idealism, the work concludes, is a hermeneutical phenomenology that parallels Martin Heidegger’s hermeneutical phenomenology.

Bio-fuels are the most promising renewable energy which may provide a viable mode of alternative system and can be a real substitute to fossil fuels. Nevertheless, this technology ought to overcome a number of hurdles before it can compete in the fuel market and can be broadly organized. Consequently, the present research was attempted to evaluate the esterified oil obtained from „Gingili (Sesame) seed‟ (botanically called Sesamum indicum, L. belongs to family Pedaliaceae) for various physico-chemical parameters followed by performance of diesel engine with variable blends. Accordingly, the oil generated from the seeds of Gingili was subjected for transesterification with methanol in presence of catalyst NaOH. The fuel properties of Gingili (Sesame) bio-diesel can meet up with the specification of ASTM such as, Color (pale brown), Specific Gravity at 150 C0.88, Kinematic viscosity@400C 5.22, Cetane number 53.20, Sulphur, wt% 0.0083, Cloud point 12, Pour point -10, Lower Heating Value (KJ/Kg) 40676.848, Flash point 2400C, Fire point 1840C. Further, an imperative performance of diesel engine was recorded with increase in ratio of fuel blends of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% & 50% respectively. In addition, the comparative analysis was also carried-out between both Gingili (Sesame) bio-diesel and petroleum diesel with diesel engine system at variable loads and the performance characteristics of the engine were analyzed. The engine test results showed significant thermal efficiency in Gingili biodiesel compared to petroleum diesel with respect to performance and emission parameters. The emission parameters like, Carbon monoxide (CO), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), hydrocarbons (HC) was found to be low when compared to petroleum diesel. In conclusion, Gingili biodiesel found to be most significant source as compared to petroleum diesel on the basis of over all performance and emission parameters deliberated via analysis.

Evaluation of strategies in Kenya may be done either quantitatively or qualitatively. This is to ascertain whether the process of implementations will succeed in attaining the educational objectives or not. This study sought to investigate the implementation dynamics of strategic plans in secondary schools in Masaba north-sub County, Nyamira County, Kenya the specific objectives of the study were to assess the effect of leadership style on implementation of strategic plans in Masaba North sub county, secondary schools. The study used descriptive research design to get the information under investigation. The target population consisted of 31 Principals, 31 BOM chairpersons, and 31 PTA chairpersons. The study used purposive sampling and simple random sampling. The research instruments used to collect data was questionnaires. The questionnaires were made up of close-ended questions. Data collected was analyzed quantitatively. For descriptive statistics, frequency tables, and percentages were used, while for inferential statistics, the researcher used regression analysis The findings of the study show that school Leadership style played an important role in implementing the strategic plans since there was a team that was supposed to steer ahead the formation and implementation of the strategic plans. The Education policy makers would find this study useful in formulating educational policy that would enable the schools to improve on strategic planning process and also in addressing the critical issues that may be affecting public secondary school education in the Country.

In Filtering contrast, brightness and normalization of the image are performed with an ultimate goal to remove or reduce the noise to a maximum extent. Contrast and Brightness are two major factors, which affect the superiority of an image for easy or stainless or pleasant viewing. Equalization through Histogram (HE) is a very famous approach for image contrast adjustment or enhancement in image processing. In general, the histogram equalization distributes pixel values consistently and produces an outcome in a superior image with the linear increasing histogram. Contrast adjustment is the part of image preprocessing and specifically filtering noise. In this paper, the new algorithm is discussed for a Grayscale Fingerprint image. The algorithm tunes pixel intensity value to a higher intensity value based on a constant value τ. In this paper, we compare the new algorithm with Histogram Equalization and try to find its advantages and disadvantages. This method is effectively used in Fingerprint Identification/verification purpose as an alternative for image filtering. The algorithm is implemented using MATLAB2015a.