Onychomycoses are fungal infections that affect hands and feet nails and are caused by several genera of filamentous and yeast fungi. The knowledge of the etiology is fundamental to establish the appropriate therapeutic conduct. Most fungi genera are free living, but some have adapted to parasitism and others depend on predisposing factors for implantation in the host. The objective of this research was to perform an epidemiological survey to identify the genera of fungi etiological agents of onychomycosis in patients attending in Rio de Janeiro dermatology clinics. After cleaning the nails with 70% alcohol, scraped scales with a sterilized scalpel were collected and seeded in Sabouraud-dextrose-agar and Mycosel culture media at room temperature. The colonies of filamentous fungi were identified by the cultural characteristics and the yeasturiformes by the staining of Gram method and biochemical tests. Among the 1290 cultures examined, 362 (28.06%) were positive for the following fungi: Candida spp. 335 (92.54%), Trichophyton rubrum 12 (3.31%), Epidermophyton floccosum 8 (2.21%), Microsporum canis 6 (1.66%) and Aspergillus niger 1 (0.28%). The fungal etiology of the nail lesions had an incidence of 28.06% of the samples from 1290 patients, being the genus Candida the most prevalent cause of onychomycosis

By studying quantum state, quantum state spaces as well as multiple qubits of quantum mechanics, it is found that an active path finding robot can be designed on the basis of quantum mechanics. To begin with, quantum encoding, quantum logic gates, quantum logic circuit, quantum gate arrays and quantum parallelism are studied. Then a robot on the basis of quantum bits is designed. Finally, an active path finding algorithm on the basis of quantum fourier transforms and related pathing finding algorithm are found. Meanwhile, some examples and related analyses indicate that an active path finding robot on the basis of quantum mechanics is feasible.

Chronic supportive otitis media is highly prevalent in the developing countries like India. The present study was conducted for duration of three years in two Medical Colleges of West Bengal, India, to find the prevalence of bacterial infections in otorrhoea. Chronic suppurative otitis media was more common in the rural population (66.8%) than in the urban population (33.2%). Out of the 226 patients in the study, 144 cases (63.7%) of purely bacterial, 59 cases (26.1%) of mixed (bacterial and fungal), and 23 cases (10.2%) of purely fungal infections were isolated. Out of the total 226 cases of chronic suppurative otitis media, the number of bacterial infections was 203 (89.8%). The most common age group observed was 1-10 years (32.3%). There was no significant difference between male and female preponderance, with a male, female ratio of 1.17:1. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found in 87 (38.50%) cases and was the most common organism, followed by Staphylococcus aureus in 51 (22.57%) cases. Other bacteria found in our study were Klebsiella species in 20 patients (8.85%), Enterococcus species in 18 patients (7.96%), and Proteus species in 16 patients (7.07%), Citrobacter species in 9 patients (3.98%) and Serratia marcescens in 2 patients (0.88%). We found that antibiotics effective against most of the organisms were gentamicin, followed by ciprofloxacin. Coamoxyclav was found to be effective mainly against Staphylococcus aureus (94.1%) but ineffective against the Gram negative bacteria. Ciprofloxacin is recommended as a first line antimicrobial for chronic suppurative otitis media, as it has no ototoxicity, has lower cost and is available both in topical and oral preparations

A new method for preconcentration of ultratrace amounts of Co (II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) ions in various matrices has been proposed. The method is based on the adsorption and chelation of the metal ions on Amberlite XAD-4 resin modified with Quinol via azotisation prior to their determination by standard spectrophotometric method. The effect of pH, type, concentration and volume of eluent, sample volume,flow rates of sample and elution solutions, and interfering ions have been investigated. The optimum pH for retention of the metal ion were10.0, 7.0 and 7.0 respectively. Eluent for quantitative elution was 5 ml of 2 mol l−1 HCl. The optimum sample and eluent flow rates were found to be 2.5 ml min−1. The sorption capacity of the resin was found to be 0.60, 0.45 and 0.52mmolg-1 for Co (II), Ni (II) and Cu (II) respectively. The preconcentration factor of the method was 250 for all the metals. The detection limit values were in the range of 3.0- 5.0 µgl-1. The accuracy of the method was confirmed by analyzing standard synthetic mixtures and standard addition methods. This procedure was applied to the determination of Cobalt, Nickel and Copper from various water samples and SRM’s.

WBC counts increases in significant number of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Widely available WBC count test can be used as prognostic marker in acute myocardial infarction. To study correlation between complications of acute myocardial infarction and WBC count. Total 50 diagnosed cases of acute Anterior Wall MI were studied. Complications after acute myocardial infarction were more in elevated WBC count. Elevated WBC count within 24 hours was associated with high rate of complications after acute myocardial infarction; however to established association between complications of acute myocardial infarction and WBC count we need further larger study

Parenting styles have been cited to have brought conflict between young people and their parents on values or ethical principles, and morality or religion. This is an element which is present in almost all cultures. Therefore, parenting style may have an influence on adolescent self-esteem, autonomy, independence and openness. This study focused on the influence of parenting styles on adolescent autonomy and selfesteem among students in secondary schools in Wareng district, in Uasin Gishu county – Kenya. It views family parenting styles as the main precursors towards adolescents‟ decision making, self-reliance and conformity. The objective of the study was to establish the relationship between parenting styles on adolescent autonomy and selfesteem. It targeted a population of 23027 adolescents. A sample size of 394 was drawn from 10 secondary schools through stratified random sampling. The researcher employed causal-comparative research design. This research was based on Carl Rogers‟ Self Theory and Adult Attachment Theory by Bowlby, where both theories are used to explain autonomy and self-esteem development. A self-administered questionnaire was used, examining different parenting styles and aspects of autonomy, scored on a five-point Likert scale and a self esteem questionnaire, scored on a threepoint scale. To ensure the validity of the research instruments, the researcher used expert judgment. On obtaining complete data, it was organized, edited, tabulated and coded to facilitate effective analysis. Hypotheses were tested at 5% significance level. Data analysis was done using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS), where both descriptive and interferential statistics were used. The findings revealed that, there was a significant positive relationship between authoritative parenting style and adolescent autonomy and self-esteem, while authoritarian parenting showed no significant relationship with adolescent autonomy. Further, the findings revealed that permissive parenting style does not yield autonomous adolescents, while uninvolved parenting has an influence on adolescent autonomy. However, the study generated information on parenting styles, self-esteem and autonomy related aspects, and these might be of value to school stake holders, more so the parents who have a direct influence on adolescent autonomy.

Scholars observes a sharp decline in the research productivity of academics in terms of the number of articles published in Nigeria from 1980-1989 and 1990-1999 based on an analysis of 21 core Nigerian Library and Information Science (LIS) journals indexed in Social Science Citation Index database. They also observe that Nigeria has the highest proportion of rejected papers in Africa out of the papers submitted to the African Journal of Library, Archives and Information Science (AJLAIS) for publication. In an attempt to reinforce the notion of a low publication output in Africa, the UNESCO Statistical Yearbook which reports that 55 titles are being published per one million readers in the developing world as against the 487 titles per one million readers in the developed world. In the same vein, while reporting on low research output in Nigerian universities, The World Education News and Review (2006), states that Nigerian academics’ research output is relatively low. The report shows that out of over 70 universities in the country as at the time of the study, only 20 were found to have performed creditably well in terms of academic research production. This view has been corroborated by Agarin and Nwagwu (2006), to the effect that in 2005, Nigeria was ranked next to the least of the countries in the world with the evidence of scientific research. The paper historically reviewed the determinants of research productivity among Nigerian researchers. It concludes based on available statistics that Nigerian scholars’ position in terms of their contribution to international acceptable journals has continued to remain low. The paper urged the government of Nigeria to create the necessary institutional framework and support that will enable Nigerian academics to enhance their productivity.

With drastic advances in information technology, many new social media platforms have been created, such as Facebook and LINE. As firms search for competitive advantages in using these platforms to consolidate old consumers and attract new customers, this research examines two major characteristics of brand community: Brand Community Integration & Consumer Acceptance and Use of Information Technology. We observe how Brand Community Characteristics influence Brand Loyalty and test the mediating effect of Brand Community Identity. An empirical survey investigates the LINE community and shows that Brand Community Characteristics and Brand Community Identity both significantly increase Brand Loyalty and that Brand Community Identity has a mediating effect between Brand Community Characteristics and Brand Loyalty. Results herein suggest that enterprises should obtain members’ identity in the community first before building up their Brand Loyalty.

This research was carried out to examine the leadership styles used by the District and Municipal Assemblies (MMDA‟s) in the Upper East Region of Ghana to implement their programmes and projects to the benefit of the people. The Builsa District Assembly was used as a case study. The objectives of the study were to find out the extent to which the respondents understood the meaning of leadership, the types of leadership styles exhibited, and the relationship that exists between employees and management. Structured questionnaire was the main tool used for collecting data. Questionnaires for staff and leaders of the Assembly were randomly distributed to solicit their views. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0 was method used to analyse the data collected. One major finding was that leadership styles adopted by the MMDA‟s have been generally viewed as uncompromising and it is therefore, significant that leaders adopt much more tolerable styles of leading their subordinates which would encourage better understanding of leadership styles by their workers. A number of recommendations have been made based on major findings of the study. These include; the need for improved free flow of communication, transparency and the need for leaders to be prompt in handling issues and challenges.

Fractures fixation with open reduction and compression plates is frequently used in diaphyseal radius/ulna fractures because of advantages like proper alignment, maintaining length and rotational alignment. This study compares the outcomes of treatment of fracture cases with dynamic compression plates and intra-medullary nailing by a square nail in mid shaft radius/ulna fractures. The study was conducted in Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, [RIMS] Adilabad during the period from March 2014-Dec 2017. The study involved n=55 cases of which n=31 were male and n=24 were female. The common age group involved was 31- 40yrs contributing to 41.81% (n=23) of cases followed by 23.63 % (n=13) cases in 21 -30 yrs age group and 20% (n=11) cases in 41 – 50 yrs age group. Most common type of fracture was Transverse type in 37 cases, oblique in 10 cases and comminuted in 8 cases. Dynamic compression plates were used in 61.82% (n=31) of cases, IM nail was used in 38.18% (n=24) of cases. Dynamic compression plate treated patients had overall 94.11% cases in Excellent and good results and 90.48% of the IM nail treated patients had excellent and good results. To conclude Treatment of diaphyseal forearm is challenging as it because of lack of censuses regarding treatment and it requires judicious selection of cases for using compression plates or IM nail. Within the limitation of the present study, it may be concluded that dynamic compression plate offers better overall outcomes in the treatment of diaphyseal radius/ulna fractures

The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Phragmanthera capitata stems widely used by traditional healers. Acute toxicity according to the OECD Guideline 423 showed that the LD 50 of ethanolic extract was greater than 5000mg/kg body weight. Anti-inflammatory capacity was evaluated by hind paw oedema model using carrageenan-induced inflammation in rat. It has showed that ethanolic extract possess a dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity at the first hour with 16.95 % and 28.21 %, respectively, as a percentage inhibition for the 200 and 300 mg / kg body weight extract. The phenol dosage by the Folin-Ciocalteu method showed that ethanolic extract had 14420 mg mg EAA/g of dry extract. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated by the diphenyl-picryl test (DPPH), and the EC 50 was 0.0085 mg / ml for ethanolic extract when EC 50 of the ascorbic acid (reference) was 0.033 mg/ml. Phragmanthera capitata stems ethanolic extract is non toxic and have inflammatory and antioxidant activity that could justify its traditional use

Since 1992, the concept of group culture has been under the influence of globalization. Corporate culture is frequently studied in multinational companies called cultural management. The expansion of the new market in the field of machine installation has made a great development of LILAMA. This paper examines the relationship between corporate culture and comprehensive quality management in LILAMA where contractor projects have been awarded contracts with high-value contracts. Data collected from 10 companies directly produced by Lilama were analyzed by using the Sem model. The results show that corporate culture impact on overall quality management, thus setting out management measures that create a competitive advantage for LILAMA and apply to other enterprises in Vietnam.

Human taeniasis was found from more than 50 provinces in Vietnam, and in which the highest prevalences have always been observed in the highland and mountainous areas. In addition, Cysticercus cellulose infection of pigs is considered as one of the most risk factor that contribute to taeniasis in human. Therefore, our study investigated both of the prevelence of Cysticercus cellulose in pigs and Taenia solium in human in the 3 communes of Son La, a moutainous province, in order to identify if there is such kind of correlation between the infected rates of pigs and human. Our results show that the prevelences of Cysticercus cellulose in pigs and Taenia solium in human in the 3 communes were high when comparing to other ares of Vietnam, however, they are within the range of the disease infected rates in Vietnamese mountainous ares. In addition, we observed that infectionof Cysticercus cellulose in pigs was closely associated by infection of Taenia solium in human, and also vice versus. In addition, because although cysticerci of Taenia solium occur primarily in pork, they also occur in humans, so humans can have both taeniasis and cysticercosis (including neurocysticercosis), which are dangerous and health-damaged in many cases. Therefore we suggest that in order to eliminate this meat-borne parasitoses, the effective prevention and treatment are required to applied simutanously on both pigs and humans of the areas

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is a rare benign disease of the upper airway caused by HPV, primarily affecting the paediatric age group. A retrospective analysis of 11 cases of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis was done in the present study extending for 30 years in three Medical Colleges of India. The presenting age of the patients was 2 to 7 years. Around 73% of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis cases had been diagnosed within 5 years of age. In our study, we did not find any case of adult onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis and all the cases were of juvenile onset. Both males and females were affected equally with a male to female ratio of 1.2: 1. The incidence was more in the population with lower socio-economic conditions. Out of the total 11 cases, 6 patients required emergency tracheostomy for obstruction of the airway due to extensive involvement of the larynx. Microlaryngoscopic removal of the lesions with microdebrider was the primary treatment combined with adjuvant nonsurgical/medical treatments to contain the virus and growth of the tumours. In the case of the 5 (45%) patients presenting with hoarseness of voice without respiratory distress, complete microlaryngoscopic excision of the lesions were possible. However there were recurrences in 3 of these 5 cases, requiring further surgeries. In the case of the 6 (55%) patients, who required emergency tracheostomy for acute respiratory distress, complete microlaryngoscopic excision of the lesions were not possible in the first surgery, due to extensive pathology and there were recurrences in all these cases. Collectively, there were recurrences in 9 cases out of the total 11 cases.

The year 2018 marked the 40th anniversary of the founding of the ASUU. As has been seen, during these forty years, Nigeria had experienced a great deal of political and societal unrest, and by any standards the history of the ASUU has been an eventful one. The formation of ASUU came at a time when the oil boom in Nigeria was beginning to decline and when the country was faced with the consequences of the failure of its rulers to utilize oil wealth to support production and a credible welfare system. Military dictatorship had become institutionalized and had eroded many fundamental freedoms in the society. ASUU‟s establishment in 1978 was mainly driven by the need to address the deterioration of education in the country especially under the military rule but the timing of the formation of the union is also indicative of the fact that it emerged into what was already a highly politicized environment. The paper is a review and an opinion based which assesses the relationship of ASUU with Military and Democratic regimes vis-à-vis the government education policies and the application and or respect for institutional autonomy of universities by various regimes in Nigeria. The paper found that ASUU struggles remained and continue to feature irrespective of the different regimes in Nigeria. It also concludes based on available historical records that the military regimes have had a more preponderance of abuse of universities administrative autonomy in comparison with democratic regimes.