Human taeniasis was found from more than 50 provinces in Vietnam, and in which the highest prevalences have always been observed in the highland and mountainous areas. In addition, Cysticercus cellulose infection of pigs is considered as one of the most risk factor that contribute to taeniasis in human. Therefore, our study investigated both of the prevelence of Cysticercus cellulose in pigs and Taenia solium in human in the 3 communes of Son La, a moutainous province, in order to identify if there is such kind of correlation between the infected rates of pigs and human. Our results show that the prevelences of Cysticercus cellulose in pigs and Taenia solium in human in the 3 communes were high when comparing to other ares of Vietnam, however, they are within the range of the disease infected rates in Vietnamese mountainous ares. In addition, we observed that infectionof Cysticercus cellulose in pigs was closely associated by infection of Taenia solium in human, and also vice versus. In addition, because although cysticerci of Taenia solium occur primarily in pork, they also occur in humans, so humans can have both taeniasis and cysticercosis (including neurocysticercosis), which are dangerous and health-damaged in many cases. Therefore we suggest that in order to eliminate this meat-borne parasitoses, the effective prevention and treatment are required to applied simutanously on both pigs and humans of the areas

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is a rare benign disease of the upper airway caused by HPV, primarily affecting the paediatric age group. A retrospective analysis of 11 cases of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis was done in the present study extending for 30 years in three Medical Colleges of India. The presenting age of the patients was 2 to 7 years. Around 73% of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis cases had been diagnosed within 5 years of age. In our study, we did not find any case of adult onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis and all the cases were of juvenile onset. Both males and females were affected equally with a male to female ratio of 1.2: 1. The incidence was more in the population with lower socio-economic conditions. Out of the total 11 cases, 6 patients required emergency tracheostomy for obstruction of the airway due to extensive involvement of the larynx. Microlaryngoscopic removal of the lesions with microdebrider was the primary treatment combined with adjuvant nonsurgical/medical treatments to contain the virus and growth of the tumours. In the case of the 5 (45%) patients presenting with hoarseness of voice without respiratory distress, complete microlaryngoscopic excision of the lesions were possible. However there were recurrences in 3 of these 5 cases, requiring further surgeries. In the case of the 6 (55%) patients, who required emergency tracheostomy for acute respiratory distress, complete microlaryngoscopic excision of the lesions were not possible in the first surgery, due to extensive pathology and there were recurrences in all these cases. Collectively, there were recurrences in 9 cases out of the total 11 cases.

The wound stress is applied to leaves of P. foetida and ethyl actetate extracts is optimized using mobile phase: ethyl acetate: chloroform: glacial acetic acid: benzene (25:15:2:10) and TLC bioautographic depict two antimicrobial compounds at Rf 0.46 and 0.73. The extract shows antimicrobic activity 12 mm against S. aureus at 5 mg/ml and 14 mm against E. coli at 10 mg/ml. Their HR-LCMS chromatogram elucidates the structure of two possible antimicrobial compounds as nitrofurazone (RT: 0.644 min) or 4-tridecynoic acid (RT 7.616 min) and dihydrodeoxystreptomycin (RT:9.22min). The HPLC-DAD detected dihydrodeoxystreptomycin at 254 nm and ibuprofen at 220 nm. The GCMS confirmed 4-chloro 7-nitrobenzofurazan (RT: 18.39), methyl jasmonate (RT: 18.84), 10.03 PPM and 12-hydroxy dodecanoic acid (RT: 23.79), 82.65 PPM in 96 extract. These compound's viz 4-tridecynoic acid and dihydrodeoxystreptomycin, ibuprofen, 4-chloro 7-nitrobenzofurazan, methyl jasmonate and 12-hydroxy dodecanoic acid could be possible raised as antimicrobial drugs in pharmaceutical industries.

Abstract: Abnormal uterine bleeding is the most common complaint in gynecology. Dilatation and Curettage is a blind procedure. Hysteroscopy has ushered in a new era in the evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding. By direct visualization of the uterine cavity it is able to pin point the etiology. This study evaluates the role of hysteroscopy in the diagnosis of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding and its correlation with histopathological findings. The Prospective study was conducted in Department Of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Mahatma Gandhi Institute Of Medical Sciences ,a Rural tertiary Hospital of Central India over a period of one year. A total of 50 subjects ,women of age group 30-60 years, in one year, having abnormal uterine bleeding were included in study. Prospective study was done to know hysteroscopic correlation with histopathology. In this study abnormal findings on hysteroscopy were found in 26 patients (52%), while in the remaining 24 patients (48%) no abnormality was detected. The results of hysteroscopy and dilatation and curettage were in agreement in 84% patients, hysteroscopy revealed more information than curettage in 12 % patients and curettage revealed more information than hysteroscopy in 4% patients. Hysteroscopy is an important diagnostic tool in evaluation of AUB and can be considered superior to curettage. It is a safe, reliable, feasible and quick procedure.

This is an award-winning study of its kind first time conducted in the rural areas of Indore Madhya Pradesh with the aim of evaluating the subclinical morbidity and mortality pattern of the chronic hematological and neurological effect of organophosphate pesticide exposure in children of farmers. Poison is any substance which if introduced into the living body could cause ill health or death. Among children, the commonest culprits include kerosene, pesticides, household chemicals, drugs. In rural areas of developing countries, children of agricultural workers have high probabilities for exposure to OP pesticides. This puts them at an increased risk of damage. A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in 64 children aged 7-14 years in adjoining villages of khudel, Indore, Madhya Pradesh. Various neurological symptoms like muscarinic (diarrhea, urinary incontinence, lacrimation, excessive salivation), nicotinic (tremors, muscle weakness, tachycardia) and general symptoms (a headache, insomnia, numbness in legs, fatigue, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, lethargy) were assessed by doing a clinical examination. Exposure index (EI) was calculated by multiplying the number of hours exposed to OP pesticides and the number of years of exposure. Various CBC parameters, metabolic panel (liver function test, kidney function test, FPG, vitamin B 12, electrolyte level) were calculated. The statistical evaluation was done using SPSS version 24.0 analysis of variance (ANOVA).

A polyherbal suspension was formulated from the extracts of roots of Cyperus rotundus (CRR) and leaves of Azadirachta indica (AIL) and Bryophyllum pinnatum (BPL). The suspension had very good redispersibility and was very stable without agglomeration, caking or microbial growth. Study of diuretic activity was done on individual plant extract as well as formulation. There was a significant increase in the volume of urine and electrolytes Na+, K+, Cl- which was similar to the standard drug furosemide. The formulation had much better activity as compared to the individual drug extracts which may be due to the synergistic effect of the herbs used. There was no significant change in pH. The loss in electrolytes Na+, K+, Cl- may lead to a reduction in supersaturation of calcium in urine thereby preventing the formation of kidney stone. The PHF have good diuretic activity and can be used to reduce hypertension, kidney problems and urolithiasis.

We have two ways for coping: the way of avoidance or the way of acceptance. The present study aimed to determine the most adaptable coping strategies of patients with diagnosed somatoform disorder. Along with, we elicited whether patients preferred problem focused or emotional focused coping strategy. The present study was a cross-sectional and observational study on patients referred by psychiatrists, who presented with persistent, medically unexplained, physical symptoms in pure psychiatric setup of a medical college and hospital. Study consisted of 72 somatoform disorder patients those who were diagnosed and were willing to undergo the psychological assessment. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of symptom frequency and duration, as determined by the Diagnostic Interview Schedule: somatic syndrome group (N=49) and somatic sub-syndrome group (N=23). Both the groups were gone through eight emotion‐ and problem‐focused strategies, as used by the coping strategy inventory. Average age among participated was 49.1±15.8years. 74% of patients were women and 26% was men who reported unexplained physical symptoms. With respect of coping strategy, multi variate logistic regression prominent that sociodemographic factors positively correlated with the adaptations of different types of coping strategy. Group I and Group II was negatively associated with seeking of coping strategies. The findings of the present study elicited that patients with somatoform disorder patients tends to follow emotional focused coping strategies rather than problem focused one. The results are basis for further research to evaluate psychological intervention for breast cancer patients with that also to evaluate operationalize psychobehavioural factors in this patients group

Snakebite is a major socio-medical problem affecting many communities globally, especially African and Asian countries. It is still depending on the usage of antisera as the major source of treatment, which has its limitations. In many rural communities, health care facilities are inadequate and victims of snakebites mostly depend on traditional healers for herbal antidotes as an alternative treatment. This review has focused on the mechanisms of action of the animal derived anivenoms (antisera or antivenins) as well as those derived from plant resources (phyto-antivenoms). Antigen-antibody reaction is the basic mechanism of snake venom neutralization by the antivenins, but for the phyto-antivenoms, there are many hypotheses proposed on how the herbal compounds neutralize the toxic venom constituents. These include; protein precipitation, enzyme inactivation, chelation activity, adjuvant action, antioxidant activity, combination of these activities, etc. The review might be a stepping stone in establishing an effective and widely acceptable future therapy against snakebite treatment and management

A colorimetric method was used for the determination of vitamin K1 phylloquinone in different plant extracts (Alchornea cordifolia, Aspilia Africana, Chromolaena odorata, Vernonia amygdalina). Benzene was used to extract the plants after drying and milling. The method of vitamin k determnation utilizes the coupling of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, in which a hydrazone of vitamin K, forms acid-salts in basic media giving blue coloured solutions that absorbs maximally at 635 nm. The results showed that Aspilia Africana 2.43 ± 1.56, Vernonia amygdalina 2.12 ± 1.11, Chromolaena odorata 6.36 ± 2.09, Alchornea cordifolia 8.31 ± 1.23 ug/g dry extract

Umbilical/Epigastric hernia is a rather common surgical problem. Approximately 10% of all primary hernias comprise umbilical and epigastric hernias. In this study the complication rates of different mesh types which were used to repair umbilical/epigastric hernias were investigated. A retrospective chart review was performed of 86 patients who underwent ventral herniorrhaphy with either Composite Mesh ( CM, Group-1) or Dual Sided Mesh (DM, Group-1), were included in the study. Mean duration of follow-up was 22 months and no significant difference was demonstrated between groups in respects of hernia recurrence , wound complications ,mesh infection, infection requiring removal, development of bowel obstruction, or persistent pain or discomfort. On subgroup analysis there was no significant difference between complication and recurrence rates in respect of meshes of different trademarks. This study showed no significant difference between dual sided and composite meshes in respect of mesh-related complications

Tornwaldt’s cyst is an uncommon midline nasopharyngeal cyst that arises from the pharyngeal bursa on the posterior nasopharynx. They represent as a communication between notochord remnants and the pharyngeal endoderm. Occlusion of this communication results in the formation of Tornwaldt’s cyst. Development of these cysts has been linked to scarring from prior adenoidectomy and nasopharyngeal inflammation. It is usually small and accidentally diagnosed on rhinoscopy, computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Clinical symptoms of nasopharyngeal cysts may include fullness in the ear, tinnitus, nasal obstruction, dysphagia, dysarthria, dysphonia, odynophagia, halitosis, cephalgia, or stiffness of cervical muscles. We report a case of a 24-year-old male with as an isolated nasal obstruction and discuss the clinical, radiological features, and the differential diagnosis of these cysts

This cross-sectional, community-based study was conducted in the area of the Urban Health Training Centre of a municipal medical college, located about 30 kms from Mumbai (India). The participants were 57 females (mean age: 63.91±8.91 years) and and 47 males (mean age: 62.13±10.16 years) with type-2 diabetes mellitus for five or more years preceding the study period but who did not have symptoms related to complications of diabetes mellitus, who gave written informed consent. The participants were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Their records of follow-up pattern were correlated with the occurrence of manifestations suggestive of early onset of common and morbid complications. Nine participants revealed maternal history of diabetes mellitus while four had a paternal history. 35 females and 38 males had no other diabetic in their families, while four patients revealed that three or more of their family members were affected. 55 (52.88%) were asymptomatic. Among the symptomatic, the complaints were weakness (18.27%), spells of fainting or giddiness (11.54%), loss of body weight (7.69%), polyuria and polydipsia (7.69%). The gender difference in the mean body mass index was statistically significant (Z=2.348; p=0.019) while that for mean systolic (Z=0.942; p=0.3472), diastolic blood pressure (Z=0.596; p=0.549), mean fasting (Z=0.399; p=0.689) and post-prandial blood sugar levels (Z=1.364; p=0.174) was not significant. As per available medical records and responses given by participants to the questionnaire, regular follow-ups were inadequate and a significant proportion was not on specific anti-diabetic medications

Abstract: Poor Maternal nutrition, especially in rural setting adversely affects pregnancy and birth outcome. In all cultures, certain beliefs exist surrounding what facilitates a good pregnancy and its outcome as well as negative sanctions. Taboo and misconception regarding food, nutrition, rituals which people follow are discussed in this study. A Cross- sectional study was done on females attending ante natal care OPD at tertiary care hospital at Jaipur. A predesigned questionnaire was used. Before interview, subjects were informed the purpose of the study. All pregnant women attending the OPD were interviewed regarding different kind of beliefs, misbelieves, taboos related to pregnancy, diet, food habits, and breastfeeding. Out of 400 women interviewed 50 percent were between 20-30 yrs and 36 percent were illiterate. Most common taboos were use of knife or kala tika to prevent evil eye, use of herbal medications for having son, covering of head and ears after delivery and use of castor oil or ghee to facilitate normal delivery and avoidance of certain foods, considering them hot and cold. Reasons were many as they cause abortions, difficult labour. Larger population of women and their families still believe in old unscientific tales. With increase in literacy status such taboos and misconception can be removed. There is need of nutritional education and awareness generation among women.

Hamstring tightness continues to be a risk factor for hamstring injuries among active individuals and sports players. Various interventions have been performed to find the most effective method to improve flexibility. The purpose of the study therefore, is to explore the effect of a neurodynamic sliding technique on hamstring flexibility among recreational sports players. Quasi experimental study design, pre and post study type. Male subjects within the age of 18-24 who were unable to complete finger floor test were included. Subjects with hamstring injury within the past years and multiple fractures were excluded. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria subjects were divided into two groups: Group A and Group B. Group A received neurodynamic sliding intervention over a period of 4 weeks and group B received active hamstring stretching exercises over a period of 4 weeks. At the end of the study, significant difference between the group A and B with p value <0.05 was found. Mean values for straight leg raise test (SLR) were significantly higher for the group A when compared to the group B and while the mean values for finger floor test (FFT) were significantly lower for the group A when compared to the group B. This study concludes that the intervention of neurodynamic sliding among the recreational players increases the flexibility of hamstring more than the active hamstring stretching when measured by the straight leg raise test and finger floor test.

Smoking is a pernicious scourge of the world today. Smoking is well known to increase the risk of pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases by affecting the cardio–pulmonary functions. Hence, emphasis should be paid on preventive strategies of these disorders. Our study was to evaluate the effect of smoking on lung functions and lipid profile in asymptomatic smokers. A total of 100 male subjects were included which were equally divided in to two groups i.e. of smokers and non – smokers. The lung function tests and lipid profile was carried out on each subject in both the groups. No statistically significant difference was seen in the baseline characteristics of the two groups. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding mean values of blood pressure and heart rate, though; values were higher in smokers as compared to non-smokers. All the spirometric values in the two groups had statistically highly significant difference and were higher in non-smokers as compared to smokers. The spirometric values were reduced in smokers with history of smoking for as low as two pack years. No statistically significant difference was seen in the mean HDL – cholestrerol values in the two groups. Although the smokers were young and asymptomatic, still the spirometric and lipid values were significantly deranged as compared to controls. Even smokers with history of less pack years of smoking also had significant abnormalities of lung function. All spirometric and lipid parameters deteriorated significantly with increasing pack years of smoking