Scholars observes a sharp decline in the research productivity of academics in terms of the number of articles published in Nigeria from 1980-1989 and 1990-1999 based on an analysis of 21 core Nigerian Library and Information Science (LIS) journals indexed in Social Science Citation Index database. They also observe that Nigeria has the highest proportion of rejected papers in Africa out of the papers submitted to the African Journal of Library, Archives and Information Science (AJLAIS) for publication. In an attempt to reinforce the notion of a low publication output in Africa, the UNESCO Statistical Yearbook which reports that 55 titles are being published per one million readers in the developing world as against the 487 titles per one million readers in the developed world. In the same vein, while reporting on low research output in Nigerian universities, The World Education News and Review (2006), states that Nigerian academics’ research output is relatively low. The report shows that out of over 70 universities in the country as at the time of the study, only 20 were found to have performed creditably well in terms of academic research production. This view has been corroborated by Agarin and Nwagwu (2006), to the effect that in 2005, Nigeria was ranked next to the least of the countries in the world with the evidence of scientific research. The paper historically reviewed the determinants of research productivity among Nigerian researchers. It concludes based on available statistics that Nigerian scholars’ position in terms of their contribution to international acceptable journals has continued to remain low. The paper urged the government of Nigeria to create the necessary institutional framework and support that will enable Nigerian academics to enhance their productivity.

A 59-year-old male with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) presenting with a suspected dominant biliary stricture suspicious for cholangiocarcinoma developed acute cholecystitis following cholangioscopy. This is the first case report of this rare complication that may have been related to the irrigation occurring during the procedure. Early recognition of this rare complication will likely lead to timely antibiotic therapy.

Aminoglycosides antibiotics have been in use for a long time. They are bactericidal in nature and are used to treat infections by Gram-negative bacteria. Studies have revealed their dangerous effect on human body that is the Ototoxicity. Aminoglycosides-induced ototoxicity has resulted in permanent hearing loss. Different agents are being examined for their activity against aminoglycosides-induced ototoxicity. These agents govern mostly on the principle of antioxidant capacity

Since 1992, the concept of group culture has been under the influence of globalization. Corporate culture is frequently studied in multinational companies called cultural management. The expansion of the new market in the field of machine installation has made a great development of LILAMA. This paper examines the relationship between corporate culture and comprehensive quality management in LILAMA where contractor projects have been awarded contracts with high-value contracts. Data collected from 10 companies directly produced by Lilama were analyzed by using the Sem model. The results show that corporate culture impact on overall quality management, thus setting out management measures that create a competitive advantage for LILAMA and apply to other enterprises in Vietnam.

Chronic supportive otitis media is highly prevalent in the developing countries like India. The present study was conducted for duration of three years in two Medical Colleges of West Bengal, India, to find the prevalence of bacterial infections in otorrhoea. Chronic suppurative otitis media was more common in the rural population (66.8%) than in the urban population (33.2%). Out of the 226 patients in the study, 144 cases (63.7%) of purely bacterial, 59 cases (26.1%) of mixed (bacterial and fungal), and 23 cases (10.2%) of purely fungal infections were isolated. Out of the total 226 cases of chronic suppurative otitis media, the number of bacterial infections was 203 (89.8%). The most common age group observed was 1-10 years (32.3%). There was no significant difference between male and female preponderance, with a male, female ratio of 1.17:1. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found in 87 (38.50%) cases and was the most common organism, followed by Staphylococcus aureus in 51 (22.57%) cases. Other bacteria found in our study were Klebsiella species in 20 patients (8.85%), Enterococcus species in 18 patients (7.96%), and Proteus species in 16 patients (7.07%), Citrobacter species in 9 patients (3.98%) and Serratia marcescens in 2 patients (0.88%). We found that antibiotics effective against most of the organisms were gentamicin, followed by ciprofloxacin. Coamoxyclav was found to be effective mainly against Staphylococcus aureus (94.1%) but ineffective against the Gram negative bacteria. Ciprofloxacin is recommended as a first line antimicrobial for chronic suppurative otitis media, as it has no ototoxicity, has lower cost and is available both in topical and oral preparations

This research was carried out to examine the leadership styles used by the District and Municipal Assemblies (MMDA‟s) in the Upper East Region of Ghana to implement their programmes and projects to the benefit of the people. The Builsa District Assembly was used as a case study. The objectives of the study were to find out the extent to which the respondents understood the meaning of leadership, the types of leadership styles exhibited, and the relationship that exists between employees and management. Structured questionnaire was the main tool used for collecting data. Questionnaires for staff and leaders of the Assembly were randomly distributed to solicit their views. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0 was method used to analyse the data collected. One major finding was that leadership styles adopted by the MMDA‟s have been generally viewed as uncompromising and it is therefore, significant that leaders adopt much more tolerable styles of leading their subordinates which would encourage better understanding of leadership styles by their workers. A number of recommendations have been made based on major findings of the study. These include; the need for improved free flow of communication, transparency and the need for leaders to be prompt in handling issues and challenges.

A new stability indicating RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir in pharmaceutical dosage form and bulk drug. The optimized conditions for the simultaneous estimation of drug includes Discovery C18 (150mm x 4.6 mm, 5m) column, 0.01N potassium dihydrogen phosphate and Acetonitrile (50:50%v/v) as mobile phase run on isocratic mode at a flow rate 1.0ml/min. The column is maintained at 30ºC temperature and the drugs are detected at a wavelength of 254nm. The retention time for Sofosbuvir and for Daclatasvir were found to be 2.47 min and 3.31 min respectively. The %RSD for Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir were found 0.8 and 0.5 respectively. The % Recovery for Sofosbuvir was found to be 99.90% - 100.03% and % recovery for Daclatasvir was found to be 99.90% - 99.93%. A linear response was found in the concentration range of 100µg/ml – 600µg/ml for Sofosbuvir and 15µg/ml – 90µg/ml for Daclatasvir, with correlation coefficient of 0.999 for both the drugs. The method was found to specific, accurate, precise, robust, rugged and stable in solution for 24 hours. The forced degradation studies indicated that the drugs are stable in various stress conditions as the net degradation was found to be within the limits. The developed method can be used for the quality control for simultaneous estimation of Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir in pharmaceutical dosage form.

Genes are the smallest functional units of the genetic system, which control the development and function of all organisms. A gene is a linear sequence of DNA that codes for a particular protein. Gene therapy is based on principle that a normal gene is inserted to compensate for a nonfunctional gene and abnormal gene can be repaired through selective reverse mutation. It uses purified preparations of a gene or a fraction of gene to treat diseases. Gene therapy can be used to treat wide range of diseases ranging from single gene disorder to multi-gene disorder. It has variety of applications in the field of dentistry like in cancerous and precancerous condition, salivary gland disorders, autoimmune diseases, bone repair, DNA vaccination, bone repair etc.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Phragmanthera capitata stems widely used by traditional healers. Acute toxicity according to the OECD Guideline 423 showed that the LD 50 of ethanolic extract was greater than 5000mg/kg body weight. Anti-inflammatory capacity was evaluated by hind paw oedema model using carrageenan-induced inflammation in rat. It has showed that ethanolic extract possess a dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity at the first hour with 16.95 % and 28.21 %, respectively, as a percentage inhibition for the 200 and 300 mg / kg body weight extract. The phenol dosage by the Folin-Ciocalteu method showed that ethanolic extract had 14420 mg mg EAA/g of dry extract. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated by the diphenyl-picryl test (DPPH), and the EC 50 was 0.0085 mg / ml for ethanolic extract when EC 50 of the ascorbic acid (reference) was 0.033 mg/ml. Phragmanthera capitata stems ethanolic extract is non toxic and have inflammatory and antioxidant activity that could justify its traditional use

The fundamentalists often perceive that Islam and its principles are a hindrance to innovation. Relevant, extensive research proved otherwise. For example, a comparison of research on innovation in the Islamic and non-Islamic perspective was made, which verified that Islam does promote innovation. As this is a content analysis paper, it is important to acknowledge that there are five types of innovation in Islamic banking. They are Islamic financial product innovation, Islamic bank process innovation, Islamic bank marketing innovation, innovation and risk management in Islamic finance, and Islamic work value and innovation. After comparing with research on innovation in the non-Islamic perspective, it was found that there is still a lack of protection for the innovation and the Islamic perspective also lack measures for the innovation.

Hydrogels have high affinity to absorb water due to the presence of hydrophilic group; Hydrogels can be prepared from both natural and synthetic polymer. Though the synthetic polymers are preferred more due to their less risk of immune response and less chances of viral and bacterial attack With increasing efforts devoted to controlled release of drug molecules, the application of hydrogels will continue to grow in future with its more relevantly and more efficiently applications, The success of hydrogels as delivery systems can be judged by several marketed preparations.

Legal opinion to protect the society and juvenile offenders is important from social aspect. Bad boy or bad girl labelled towards the juvenile in the rehabilitation centre should be scrapped because it is tantamount to killing the hopes and indirectly makes them thinking that they are useless. The ultimate outcome of this vicious cycle may trap them in constant negativity and poverty even for their entire lifetime, unemployment and periodic incarceration, dependency for substance abuse, and failure to maintain societal norms. The purposes of this study is to review planning and career prospects for juvenile and develop a model for the future of juvenile delinquency career. Methods of quantitative and qualitative studies will be used in the study. All survey data will be analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (IBM SPSS) software, while the interviews will be analyzed using Nvivo.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is currently one major cause of death in the world [1, 2]. CAD is mainly caused by atherosclerosis, which is considered as a chronic inflammation in response to cholesterol accumulation in the arterial wall [3]. Therefore, biomarkers that can predict the presence for early atherosclerotic process and CAD are desirable. Lipidomics is playing vital role in development of atherosclerosis and in cardiovascular disease. Various inflammatory markers and lipid biomarkers are playing role in diagnosis of CAD. Inflammatory biomarkers such as CRP, cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)], soluble CD40 ligand, serum amyloid A (SAA), selectins (E-selectin, P-selectin), myeloperoxidase (MPO), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), cellular adhesion molecules [intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1)], placental growth factor (PlGF) and A2 phospholipases may have a potential role for the prediction of risk for developing CAD and may correlate with severity of CAD..Dyslipidemia is major cause of Cardiovascular disease. Ceramide a lipid biomarker is playing a emerging role in diagnosis of CAD, In this review we tried to focus role of Ceramide in diagnosis of CAD and to further risk stratify patients who may otherwise not receive treatment but would remain at high risk for a serious cardiac event. These are patients who could benefit from more intensive treatment, for example: a higher-dose statin, a nutritionist consult or formal exercise therapy. Cardiologists at Mayo Clinic are already routinely checking Ceramides using the new test.

Onychomycoses are fungal infections that affect hands and feet nails and are caused by several genera of filamentous and yeast fungi. The knowledge of the etiology is fundamental to establish the appropriate therapeutic conduct. Most fungi genera are free living, but some have adapted to parasitism and others depend on predisposing factors for implantation in the host. The objective of this research was to perform an epidemiological survey to identify the genera of fungi etiological agents of onychomycosis in patients attending in Rio de Janeiro dermatology clinics. After cleaning the nails with 70% alcohol, scraped scales with a sterilized scalpel were collected and seeded in Sabouraud-dextrose-agar and Mycosel culture media at room temperature. The colonies of filamentous fungi were identified by the cultural characteristics and the yeasturiformes by the staining of Gram method and biochemical tests. Among the 1290 cultures examined, 362 (28.06%) were positive for the following fungi: Candida spp. 335 (92.54%), Trichophyton rubrum 12 (3.31%), Epidermophyton floccosum 8 (2.21%), Microsporum canis 6 (1.66%) and Aspergillus niger 1 (0.28%). The fungal etiology of the nail lesions had an incidence of 28.06% of the samples from 1290 patients, being the genus Candida the most prevalent cause of onychomycosis

In the present study, different extracts of leaves of Myrica esculenta were prepared and evaluated their membrane stabilizing and antioxidant effects. All extract were tested for presence of phytoconstituents i.e., alkaloid, carbohydrate, sterols, proteins, amino acids, saponin, and phenolic compounds. Membrane stabilizing effect was studied by hypotonic solution induced haemolysis of erythrocyte and Antioxidant activity was studied by DPPH method at a different concentration. From the study, Phytochemical analysis showed that methanol extract was the richest extract for the tested phytoconstituents. Maximum membrane stabilizing activity of leaves of Myrica esculenta showed in Methanol extract (61.11±1.10) at a concentration of 1000 μg/ml in comparison to standard drug aspirin. From antioxidant studies, methanol extract showed maximum antioxidant activity (91.36±1.27) at a concentration of 1000 μg/ml than other extract and comparison to standard drug ascorbic acid. From above studies it could be concluded that methanol extract showed maximum membrane stabilizing and antioxidant activities.