Since 2014, the crude oil market has experienced declining oil prices around the globe. Speculations are that there has been over-supply in the market and lower demand than expected. In particular, the oil industry's oil industry in the United States took analysts and experts to surprise and the crude oil supply was not calculated in the forecasts. The production of this resource was preceded by the US, which gained extensive experience in the development of oil shale. Consistent developments in mass oil production coupled with the development of new technologies, which ensured a significant growth in the production of this hydrocarbon resource is believed to have significantly affected the global crude oil market. This article seeks to foster better understanding to the nexus of oil shale production and its impact on crude oil prices, as previous scientists have studied dating from the year 2002 to 2018 streamlined towards articles related to the impact of shale oil production on global crude oil prices. The study findings reveal that while some studies postulate that indeed US shale oil have negative impact on global crude oil prices, other studies also show that current lower crude oil prices could be attributed to several factors other than the mass production of US shale oil. Adversely other studies were indifferent with their findings and attributed the lower crude oil prices to both relatable factors such as the growth of US shale oil production, the slowdown of global oil demand, reduced cohesiveness of the OPEC cartel and production ramp-ups in other non-OPEC countries.

To evaluate the effect of metformin therapy for more than three months on serum ghrelin and adiponectin level and to assess the relationship between them with insulin resistance parameters in obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). A case-control study design was adopted in the Fertility and In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Center at AL. Batool Teaching Hospital Mosul City/ Iraq, in the period between 1st of November 2013 and 1st of May 2014. This study included a group of 41 obese women with PCOS of reproductive age who used metformin for more than three months (metformin users) with another age-and body mass index (BMI)- matched group of 44 obese women with PCOS who did not use metformin (metformin non-users and served as control). A 10 ml of fasting venous blood sample was taken from each PCOS woman of the two groups. The sera were used to measure serum ghrelin, adiponectin, insulin and fasting serum glucose (FSG) level by using commercially specific kits, whereas; BMI and insulin resistance represented by Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) was calculated by using especial equations. The results of this study revealed that there were no significant differences in the mean BMI, waist to hip ratio (WHR), serum ghrelin, FSG and fasting serum insulin (FSI) and HOMA-IR between the metformin users in comparison with metformin non-users obese PCOS patients groups. This study found that there was a significant higher mean serum adiponectin level of the obese metformin users in comparison with the obese metformin non-users PCOS patients. There was a significant positive correlation between BMI and insulin level, BMI and HOMA-IR and between FSG level and HOMA-IR. Also there were a very high significant positive correlation between insulin level and HOMA-IR. In conclusions, metformin therapy for more than three months in obese PCOS patients was associated with a significant higher mean serum adiponectin level than in metformin non-users group. There were non-significant changes in the mean FSG, serum ghrelin level and insulin resistance parameters. Also there were no significant correlation between neither mean serum ghrelin nor adiponectin with the insulin resistance and anthropometric parameters.

This study is to examine and analyze the influence of internal factor and external factor on devidend payout ratio and the impact on stock return. The internal factor in this study consists of liquidity (current ratio), solvability (debt to assets ratio), profitability (return on equity), activity (total assets turnover) and firm size,while external factor consists of GDP growth rate. The population of this research is all companies listed on The Indonesian Stock Exchange during 2012 until 2015. From a population of 521 companies, with purposive sampling as samples determining methods, 43 companies meet the criteria to be the sample. The result shows that debt to assets ratio, return on equity, and firm size have significant influence on devidend payout ratio, while the other variables have unsignificant influence. It also shows that debt to assets ratio, return on equity, firm size, and GDP growth rate have significant influence on stock return,while the other variables have insignificant influence. The result of this study also shows that devidend payout ratio have insignificant influence on stock return.

Aim of the study was to find out the role of biochemical markers in diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatitis and compared this value with healthy subjects of Rajasthan. Total 200 subjects were selected in which 100 were selected as patients group and 100 were normal healthy subjects. Out of 100 patients 75 patients were male and 25 patients were female. patients were distributed age wise .Most of the male patients were alcohol abused And suffering from abdominal pain and most of the female patients suffering from gall stone and abdominal pain. Trypsin was estimated with sandwitch Elisa kit method and other biochemical parameters were performed by commercially available kit on fully auto analyzer. In male patients of age group 15-55 years Mean serum total and direct bilirubin level was 7.49±3.86 and 3.46±1.81 respectively. AST level was 268.22±71.74 and in control group mean AST level was 28.69± 5.85.P-value was found highly significant.(P≤ 0.0001) .as well as serum alkaline phosphatase level was found 779.86±456.77 and in control group mean ALP level in serum was 107.0±15.34 IU/L. mean value of amylase and lipase 486.86±154.20 and 2040±745.85 respectively. Mean serum level of trypsin was 461.16±200.72.in female patients all these parameters were also increased. We conclude that all biochemical parameters are increased in pancreatitis. Serum amylase and lipase both increases in pancreatitis but lipase is a specific test for alcohol induced or alcoholic pancreatitis. Trypsin can be used as a marker of pancreatitis.

Macroeconomic risk is one of the variables which can arbitrage the market condition to determine return volatility in capital market. One of the most famous methodologies to determine macroeconomic risk in capital market is Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT). Using monthly data of Indonesia composite index return and sector index return in five years (2013-2017), it has been known that there is no economics risk factor of APT model which can explain the movement of stock return in Indonesia Capital Market. This condition is able to show two posibilities. First, investors act irrationally. Second, investors tend to consider the performance of company than considering sistematic risk that can influence the overal condition of market and industrial.

A study on the level of fibrinogen in Type 2 Diabetes patients and its influence on Peripheral Arterial Disease. Three groups (Group A- Diabetes patients, Group B- patients with DM+PAD, control group of healthy volunteers) of patients were included. Plasma fibrinogen level of all the patients were measured and is correlated with age, sex, BMI, WHR, HbA1C, FBS and ABI of the patients. PAD patients were identified with the help of ABI measurement. PAD is an expression of systematic atherosclerotic disease, if it is not diagnosed in the early stage it will lead to serious complications like Myocardial infarction, stroke and death. Role of haemostatic factors particularly Fibrinogen in vascular disorders has gained considerable interest. Comparatively increased fibrinogen concentration was seen in patients with both DM and PAD (414.97±28.73). We have also found that fibrinogen is increased in some diabetic patients with poor glycaemic control. This elevated fibrinogen can be considered as an indicator for cardiovascular disorders in diabetic patients. These results underline the possible relation between fibrinogen and presence of PAD in diabetic patients and thus the study reflects the importance of proper maintenance of glycaemic status in Diabetic patients.

Nigeria currently ranks as the seventh most populous country in the world. However, there is no consensus in the empirical literature on the effect of this growing population on economic development. This study contributes to the ongoing investigations into the effect of population growth on economic development in Nigeria. The study used annual time series data for the period 1980 to 2016 and adopted the OLS regression technique. The results indicate that population growth retards economic development in Nigeria. However, the results further show that credit to the private sector is an important driver of economic development in Nigeria both in the short-run and long-run. Among others, the study concludes that policies that can control the escalating population; ensure that the existing population becomes more productive; and deepen the availability of credits for the private sector will enhance economic development in Nigeria

The species Jatropha curcas of the family Euphorbiaceae, widespread in Central Africa, is a shrub 5 to 8 m high; widely used in traditional medicine. The interest of the present study is the evaluation of the hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activity of the aqueous extract of its roots and the formulation of capsules from the dry extract. After the harvest of Jatropha curcas in the region of the center Cameroon, roots underwent clearly a decoction in distilled water, maceration in ethanol 80 % and in pure methanol. Characterization of secondary metabolites families was performed by coloring and phytochemical precipitation tests. Subsequently, some of these metabolites were measured from standards. The animal material (male and female rats) was prepared for demonstration of hypoglycemic and antihyperglycaemic activity using as method the measurement of blood glucose every 30 minutes for 3 hours. The determination of the yields of the extracts showed a significant profitability, 8,14% for the aqueous extract. Phytochemical screening analysis and determination of phenolic compounds revealed that the aqueous extract had high levels of total phenols (24.037 mg Eq AG / g dried material), total flavonoids (9.493 mg Eq Q / g DM), flavanols (2,704 mg Eq R / g DM), flavones and flavonols (2,053 mg Eq Q / g DM), saponins (6,270%), tannins condensates (0,019 mg Eq C / g DM) and anthocyanins (2,625 mg / ml), relative to the methanolic extract and the ethanolic extract. In addition, the methanolic extract was found to be the most titrated in alkaloids (0.698%). Administration of the aqueous extract of root at a dosage of 500 mg/kg of body weight significantly decreased glycaemia (p < 0.05) compared to the group of rats which received distilled water at 10 ml/kg and showed a significant change in percentage of glucose reduction (p = 0.003), comparable to that of glibenclamide 10 mg / kg of body weight, the sulfonylurea hypoglycemic drug of reference. Our results show that the roots of J. curcas have an interesting hypoglycemic effect suggesting their use as extracts in hypoglycemic treatments.

The emitem companies are competing in improving their performance through an offering of stock price progress. Market stock price is the price that occurs in the market at a certain moment determined by market participants. Declining stock price condition indicates the company's position. The decline in investor interest in investment is reflected in the decline in stock prices. This applies also to related companies as well as to national logistics system policies. The objective of this study was to determine the purchase decision, sales decision, and stockholding decision by using an analytical method dividend discounted Model (DDM), price earnings ratio (PER), and price book value (PBV) on companies listed on the national logistics system. Based on the DDM approach, it is known that the average fair stock price is cheaper than the stock market price. This is because the rate of return that is estimated (k) is smaller than the dividend growth (g). If the company gives dividends continues to rise but the stock market price indicates a stable value, then this is not good for the company because it will make the fair value of shares with the method of deviden discounted model get negative results. Based on the PER approach, it is known that the average fair price of shares is more expensive than the stock market price. This is because the measuring instrument above calculates PER by comparing earnings per share. After that the results are multiplied by the expected EPS. Based on PBV approach Average stock fair price > 1, so that the valuation of fair price of shares is worth overvalued. This is because the measuring instrument for calculating the fair value of the stock using the price book value method takes the value of the total equity. Keywords: Stock price, dividend discounted, price earnings, price book

Objectives: To summarize and critically evaluate the body of research on the connection between obesity and sudden cardiac death (SCD) risk. Methods: To locate research that met the inclusion criteria, a thorough computerized search of relevant databases was carried out. A comprehensive search was carried out on PubMed, SCOPUS, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to locate relevant material. Results: Our data included seven trials with 104,697 participants and 68,738 (65.7%) were males. The prevalence of SCD among obese patients ranged from 0.05% to 37.1%, with a total prevalence of 1111 (1.1%). Five studies stated that as BMI rises, so does the chance of SCD. Obesity in the early stages of life and obesity and overweight throughout adulthood are risk factors for SCD [13, 15]. Many studies highlighted the interplay between obesity and cardiovascular comorbidities, such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, and heart failure, in increasing the risk of sudden death. Conclusion: The results of this comprehensive review offer strong evidence that obesity poses a substantial risk of sudden death, with the risk rising as obesity severity increases. In those who have pre-existing cardiovascular problems and significant obesity, the relationship is very high. Subsequent investigations have to concentrate on improving comprehension of the correlation between obesity and unexpected mortality, as well as creating practical methods to lower this risk in medical settings.

The purpose of this study is to find out how the perception of price, process and quality of Product influences purchasing decisions with a case study of sharia KPR financing products in PT Bank Permata Syariah Business Unit. There was significant gap between target and sharia KPR finance realization achievement until August 2018 because the target was not achieved. In addition, the ranking of Bank Permata Syariah which is still far below shows that the contribution of KPR financing is not yet high. This is caused by many factors including the price / margin factor offered to customers who are still less competitive, the financing process and product quality that still need to be improved. The design of this research is explanatory. The samples taken in this study were the customers of Bank Permata Syariah in the South Tangerang Region who already had Sharia KPR financing and filled out questionnaires. They were taken by using the accidental sampling method with some specified criteria. The sampling technique was Purposive Sampling Method on 1504 of total population of customers of Bank Permata Syariah in the South Tangerang Region. By using the Slovin formula, 100 customers was obtained as samples. Analysis method of this research was qualitative method with Multiple Linear Regression as analysis tool, and helped by SPSS version 23.0. Before the analysis was carried out, the questionnaire instrument test was carried out with validity and reliability tests and classic assumptions. After that, it was analyzed by Multiple Linear Regression followed by a test of determination analysis (RSquare), partial hypothesis testing (t test) and simultaneous (F test) with a 5% error tolerance level. The results showed that there was an influence of price perceptions on purchasing decisions partially, the process of purchasing decisions partially, product quality on purchasing decisions partially and perceptions of price, process and product quality simultaneously influenced purchasing decisions for Sharia KPR financing products at Bank Permata Syariah

Plants have formed the basis of sophisticated traditional medicinal systems that have been in existence for thousands of years and continue to provide mankind with new remedies. The study of total ethanol extract of Shorea robusta oleoresin and Wrightia tinctoria bark investigated the antiallergic activity study by sheep (Capra hircus) serum and compound 48/80 induced mast cell degranulation method using ketotifen fumarate and antipruritic activity study by compound 48/80 method using chlorpheniramine maleate as standard. The results showed both plants are excellent candidates.

The fiscal policy reflects the state use of its economic programs, which includes revenues and expenditures in the best way. This is done by directing the state economic plans to determine the sources of income and how to spend them, and what are the most important spending trends such as wages of government employees and various service projects, to achieve the highest levels of economic balance. Economic growth represents the process of increasing real income in a cumulative and continuous manner over a period of time, where this increase must be greater than the rate of population growth. The aim of this paper is to review the research work conducted on fiscal policies and economic growth, noting that there are two types of fiscal policy; the first type is spending, while the second type is taxation. In addition, according to previous research, the relationship between fiscal policy and economic growth is not clear and consistent, where in some cases a positive relationship, while in others it may be a negative relationship. In this paper we will discuss the concept of fiscal policies, economic growth and the relationship between those two variables through some of previous research.

Youth often face difficulties in accessing sexual and reproductive health services. The main aim this study was to determine the utilization of youth friendly reproductive health services among secondary school going youths of Fort portal Municipality and ascertain factors that influence use of these services. A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted on 250 secondary school youths in Fortportal Municipality. Sample size was determined by using Kish Leslie’s formula. Clustered sampling method was used to choose two (2) schools from each division of Fort portal Municipality; then respondents selected by consecutive sampling method. Data was analyzed using SPSS V.22. About half (53.2%) of the respondents were females and most of the study respondents (85.6%) were adolescents. Almost a third of the respondents (39.2%) were sexually active with 67.3 percent of them having unprotected sex. The study revealed that more than three quarters (79.2%) of the youths were poor users of youth friendly reproductive health services with sex education as the most utilized service (88.4%) and the least being use of contraceptives (20.3%). Age and availability of the services were the main determinants of utilization of these services. Adolescents utilized Youth friendly reproductive health services more than fellow older youths (P; 0.023 and P; 0.033 respectively). Availability of some Youth friendly reproductive health services in schools and health facilities influenced their utilization (P; 0.001 and P;0.013 respectively).Youth friendly reproductive health services are under-utilized by secondary school going youths. Youth friendly healthcare clinics should be operational in all schools and health facilities.

The existence of human resources in an organization is a valuable asset for the organization itself. Civil Servants (PNS) or now called the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) as human resources in government become the backbone of the government in running the government. In accordance with Law No. 39 of 2008 concerning the State Ministry, it is stated that the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is one of 3 (three) ministries that cannot be dissolved by the President. Thus the position of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs has a significant role in the government. So with these conditions, it is important for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to have human resources who are committed to remembering their actions not only in the country but giving Indonesia's image to the international world. The objectives of this study are to find out and explain the effect of career development (x1) and compensation (x2), on job satisfaction (y1) to organizational commitment (y2) in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The sample of this research is the employee of general secretariat of foreign ministry by employing descriptive statistics and data analysis technique using SmartPLS version 3.2.7 as the research methodology. The research reveals that career development, compensation, and job satisfaction have positive effect to the organizational commitment, both partially and simultaneously. Partially, only career development has insignificant effect to the job satisfaction, while the remaining variables have significant effect.