The overall aim of the study was to elucidate on how strategic leadership influences strategy implementation in the Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions (ODPP) in Nakuru County, Kenya. The key research question of this paper is if strategic leadership is a driver of successful strategy implementation in the Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions selected. Theoretical underpinning for the study was based on three theories namely Resource Based View, Open Systems Theory, as well as Institutional Theory. Data was collected using self-administered semistructured questionnaires. Reliability of the research instruments was 0.610, established using the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient indicating that the conditions of reliability were met. Construct validity of the instruments was established by sharing the information of the instruments with experts in the area of strategic planning and implementation. Data analysis was conducted using inferential analysis with the aid of SPSS version 20. The computed value of the Spearman correlation coefficient was r = 0.560, which was significant at P<0.05. The study findings are therefore critical to various stakeholders in the Criminal Justice System, especially the Office of Director Public Prosecutions. These study findings strengthen the Government’s understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of strategy implementation and make this a basis for strategy implementation process in the office of the DPP and other Government offices.

This research is about meninkatkan ability of student in mastery of Indonesian student vocabulary by using picture and picture method. The purpose of this research is to improve students' vocabulary mastery through picture and picture method. This research method is action research consisting of two cycles. The subjects of this study were the 3rd graders of elementary school, which amounted to 25 students. In completing this study, the authors of observation methods, written tests and field notes, as a means of collecting data collection. By conducting this action research, it was found that using the picture and picture method can improve students 'ability in mastery of students' vocabulary in each cycle. The results can be seen from the improvement processes in improving students' vocabulary mastery in each cycle. The first cycle found the mean completion criteria and the second cycle found an average value of 95.7 which means above the completeness criteria minimal, so the use of picture and picture method can help students in improving students' vocabulary mastery.

Dentigerous cysts are the most common bony lesions of the jaws in children. It is one of the most prevalent types of odontogenic cysts associated with an erupted or developing tooth. This paper describes a case in which a conservative enucleation surgery of dentigerous cyst is made to save unerupted permanent tooth. Seen the great capacity to regenerate the bony structures at the children, conservative surgery should be tempted in dentigerous cysts in report with open apices teeth.

The need to consolidate and complete the development progress driven by the Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) and ensure that no one is left behind led world leaders to gather at the UN Headquarters in New York in September 2015 to adopt a new program on sustainable development. The SDGs provide a more ambitious international framework for driving progress between 2016 and 2030. A review of the MDGs implementation in Nigeria reveals that the country registered mixed results across the goals, geographic areas and gender groups. Even though, there are some progresses on some indicators, many of the goals and targets were not met. This is in view of the fact that the Nigerian Government did so many things in order to achieve the set goals. The debates surrounding the SDGs have mainly concerned with the setting of goals and indicators while less attention has been paid to discussing the roles and responsibilities of different stakeholders towards achieving these goals, and how to best implement this universal framework at the local level. Given the scope and ambition of the SDGs, it is clear that governments alone cannot achieve the agenda. Therefore, building vibrant and systematic partnerships with other stakeholders is a vital prerequisite for the successful implementation of a transformative agenda to accelerate poverty reduction and sustainable development goals. The objective of this paper is to explore the role of CSOs, VOPEs, private sector and the media towards achieving the SDGs in Nigeria.

The world of higher and further education has been changing rapidly and there has been a shift towards online education. Professional and regulatory bodies are indicating the importance of catering for online higher education. However, it is important to consider the effectiveness of online education in the development of skills required by the employers. As South Africa is facing high unemployment, graduating students should be equipped with more than just the qualification they registered to complete; they need to be employable. This article attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of a business related online learning module in order to develop skills in graduates which are desired by employers.

This study is aimed at evaluating the outsourcing program at PT. Pelindo II Bengkulu, whether the outsourcing program at PT Pelindo II Bengkulu provided benefits to the company, for the outsourced employees themselves, and for the absorption of the workforce in general. The study was conducted by applying the evaluation research by using the Context, Input, Process, Product (CIPP) model approach. The source of the data used in this study was from company outsourcing users, outsourcing provider companies, and the outsourced workforce itself. The instruments of the study were observation, deep interview, questionnaires, and documentation. Furthermore, the data were analyzed descriptively through discussion and triangulation. Elements that became aspects being evaluated in this CIPP model approach were C (Context evaluation), I (Input evaluation), P (Process evaluation), and P (Product evaluation). Was it useful for the outsourcing program at PT Pelindo II Bengkulu, for outsourced employees, and for the absorption of workers in general?. This evaluation study resulted in findings that outsourcing program had given positive impact for cost efficiency at PT Pelindo II Bengkulu. This outsourcing program did not give definite future for the outsourced employees. The outsourcing program had provided wider employment opportunities for job seekers and many of the type of work outsourced by PT. Pelindo II Bengkulu did not meet the provisions in the Regulation from Minister of Manpower and Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia number 19 Year 2012 regarding the terms and conditions of delivery of part of the implementation jobs to other companies.

Preservation of the aesthetical aspects of the traditional buildings especially the traditional Malay house is relatively unsolved due to the limitation of the material used specifically the timber. The traditional Malay house system is basically a modular system in terms of measurement, panel dismantle-reassemble method, expandable and moveable as well. Modular system allows many advantages in construction process and final production. Some of the lists are cost-effectiveness in terms of time consuming in site, labour, product materials and many more. The quality of modular system also can be monitored wisely as it is develop in factory in mass production according to the design. This paper proposes the adaptation of modular system in modern housing that integrated with the traditional Malay house component specifically the non-structural component such as the wall system. The issues of modular using the traditional components will be analysed using observation and site visit and analysis. The system generated can be applied to the housing development in Malaysia and in the meantime preserving the aesthetic elements of the traditional Malay house. The outcome of this paper will acknowledge a concept of modular housing system adapting the traditional wall element in building environment, and appreciating the aesthetic value of the traditional Malay house as well.

The legitimacy of criminal law is essential and ambiguous foundation of the criminal system. The notion of legitimacy should be legally grounded. The law has to be rightful and its applications needs to be legitimate. The controversy legitimizing criminal law has become an issue not only among politicians and lawyers, but also among academicians. This study has investigated the legitimacy of the criminal law. The study also investigated the relationship between constitution and legitimacy of the criminal law. The findings indicated that constitution is an essential component of criminal law legitimacy. The authorities to legitimize their decisions need to abide by the written constitution of the country. This study also investigated the important of communication and interaction between components of society to comprehend the legitimacy of the criminal law. The legitimacy of the criminal law is also important to overcome conflicts and crises. This study identified that law enforcement does not resolve criminal issues as a whole, but it’s an instrument to minimize the danger of its escalation. It will help the law enforcement to be respected and considered by the wider society

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of educational program on quality of life among elderly regarding oral health. A quasi-experimental pre-test-andpost-test design was utilized to conduct this study. The study was conducted in the geriatric social club in Zagazig City. A purposive sample of 75 elderly subjects who fulfilled the study inclusion criteria. Five tools were used in the present study; Tool I was a structured interview questionnaire to assess elderly’s demographic characteristics, medical history, oral health status, periodic examination of the mouth, dietary habits, and smoking habits, Tool II was elderly oral health knowledge structured interview questionnaire, Tool III was elderly oral self-care practices questionnaire and checklist, Tool IV was the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) For Non –Dental Professional, and Tool V was Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) Short Version. The results revealed post-program statistically significant improvements in OHRQoL scores, oral health knowledge, oral self-care practices, and oral health assessment (p<0.001). The follow-up phase showed some declines, but still significantly higher compared with the pre- program levels (p<0.01). The educational program is effective in improving the elderly’s oral health related quality of life.

Reward plays a vital role to establish the attitudes of employee towards their job and the organization. There are several forms of reward that an organization can provide. However, this paper examines which types of rewards play significant role to motivate employees for achieving task and extra task behaviors. Based on the previous research and the suitability of data collection, the research method has chosen for this study is a quantitative approach. A variety ofthe finding is available from this research, such as: the reward practices of the sector presented in this study, why employee thinks non-financial rewards are important to them rather than financial rewards or vice versa. At the same time, this study also identifies whether female employees are considering non-financial rewards as motivating factors for them than men or not. Furthermore, it discloses that job position (managerial and nonmanagerial) has a considerable impact on reward perceptions. However, the results and conclusion are only applicable to the chosen organization.

The proliferation of small arms and light weapons is and has remained one of the major security challenges Nigeria, Africa and the World at large is currently facing. The thrust of this paper is on the impact of uncontrolled proliferation, stockpiling, trafficking, availability and usage of these arms on Nigeria‟s national security as it is believed to fuel alarming levels of armed crime, communal conflict, political instability, social unrest as well as making all the geo-political zones of the country to be flooded with small arms. The paper further argues that the inability of the Nigerian government and its law enforcement agencies to check the menace has led to a major challenge of security, as it was revealed that previous and current efforts at tackling the issue has not yielded much efforts as only a few number of seizures of illegal arms has been made hence the proliferation continues to sustain and exacerbates armed conflicts within the country. The study is anchored on the realist and failed state theories using secondary data, literature evidence, descriptive and historical methodology. Findings reveal that the impact of small arms and light weapons on the society is too grave and devastating to be treated with kid‟s glove as it leads to massive loss of lives and properties, erodes social capital, facilitate corruption and climate of impunity. The paper recommends that the government must rise up to the challenges of tackling the menace with all seriousness and commitment.

Acne is a common problem that can also leave behind permanent scarring leading to low self-esteem. Various treatment modalities can help dealing with these acne scars. The aim of this study is to compare efficacy of PRP with dermaroller against with PPP with dermaroller. A prospective study of 31 patients was done. After microneedling, PRP and PPP was applied on each side of face. The procedure was repeated every four weeks and scars were evaluated by Goodman and Barron grading system. Significant improvements were found on both sides of face and no substantial difference was observed on either of the treated sides. Also dermaroller therapy showed improvement in rolling type and boxcar types of acne scars only. Dermaroller is a safe and affordable device used with or without PRP and PPP for treatment of post acne scars

This study examined stress and stress management amongst undergraduates of Nnamdi Azikiwe University (Unizik), Awka, Nigeria. The person – environment fit theory was adopted as the theoretical framework. Cluster and simple sampling techniques were used for this research work, while the sample size used was 200. Data was collected via questionnaire and in-depth interview. Questionnaire data from the field was analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). The study revealed that there is no relationship between sex of a student and their awareness and knowledge of stress management techniques. Also there was no relationship between the academic level of students and their acceptance that stress influences academic performance in various ways. The researcher recommended that the school management should add stress management skills as part of the school curriculum, inform students in advance of the difficulties they might face and encourage them to develop their own strategies to achieve personal goals during the orientation week for new students. It was also recommended that close lecturer - student relationships be cultivated so that students can approach lecturers on personal issues to improve their academic performance. The paper concluded that when students are exposed to knowledge and skills relevant to stress management, they will effectively cope with school related stress, graduate with good grades and in turn, be in a position to contribute positively to national growth.

The study therefore is intended to ensure the application of benchmarking as a managerial tool for effectiveness of organization with the following steps to: find out the quality of service MTN offers to the customers better than other system network and find out the extent of MTN affordability of service which act as an inducement in choosing other network. The study was to evaluate the application of benchmarking as a managerial tool for effectiveness of the communication Service providers. The population consists of 482 staff of MTN, GLO 9 Mobile, Airtel in Enugu metropolis, Enugu state. The study used the survey approach. The primary sources used were the administration of questionnaire to staff and distributors. 352 copies of the questionnaire were returned and accurately filled. The validity of the instrument was tested using content analysis and the result was good. The reliability was tested using the Pearson correlation coefficient (r). It gave a reliability co-efficient of 0.79 which was also good. The hypotheses were analyzed using f-statistics (ANOVA) tool. The findings indicated that the quality of service MTN offers has significant and positive effect to the customers than other system network F(95,n=352)=724.975,P<0.05; and that MTN affordability of service which acts as an inducement than choosing other network is to a great extent. F (95,n=352)=699.755, P<0.05; The study concluded that the quality and affordability of service MTN offers has significant and positive effect to the customers than other system network. The study Recommended that Quality of service is highly demanded of any organization that wants long-term sustainability to meet up with competitive advantage. Finally, affordability of service should be ensured for both the rich and poor at any point in time to increase market share.

This research is aimed to evaluate the execution of the directions and the policies for training and development of Trainers at Training and Development Center of ASN employees (Apparatus Civil Servants) Ministry of Village, Development of Disadvantaged Regions, and Transmigration. The evaluation provides recommendation to relevant stakeholders to improve the effectiveness, efficiency, and accountability of Trainers in particular and Government Employes in general. This is an evaluative research using CIPP (Context, Input, Process, and Product) evaluation model by Daniel Stufflebeam. The data was collected through triangulation of literature research, questionnaires, in-depth interviews, along with focus group discussions, which was then analyzed using qualitative data analysis technique by defining the execution attributes and comparing them to the evaluation criteria as set by the standard. The outcome suggests revisiting the execution attributes as they were no longer relevant to the assignments, functions, responsibilities, and challenges faced by Widyaiswara nowadays. The input evaluation shows that several points have already met the standards, but some have not. Likewise, the process components, e.g. execution in the classroom, accommodation, and catering were still below the standard. Therefore, it is recommended to improve the quality and quantity of these attributes to achieve the training center standard/accreditation, on both the training and the people (Widyawara).