(3H)‒quinazolin‒4‒ones were reported for enhanced antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and antimalarial activities with aryl and styryl substituents at position two and three respectively. In the present work, synthesis of some newly substituted (3H)‒quinazolin‒4‒ones starting from 2‒aminobenzoic acid and acetic anhydride producing 2‒methyl‒benzoxazin‒4‒one (Step‒I) has been undertaken. Replacement of ring oxygen from benzoxazin‒4‒one (step‒II) with nitrogen atom of 4‒chloro aniline produced first series of title compounds (QIa-QIk). In addition, 2-methyl group of benzoxazin‒4‒one was extended further as ethenyl (‒CH=CH‒) linkage joining to various substituted aldehydes (Step‒III). It has produced sufficient quantity of 2‒styryl‒3‒aryl‒(3H)‒quinazolin‒4‒ones (QIa‒QIk, Scheme I). In obtaining second series compounds (QIl‒QIt), identical approach was followed with replacement of benzoxazin-4-one ring oxygen with nitrogen atom of various substituted amines (Step‒II).There is extension of methyl group of benzoxazin‒4‒one as ethenyl group (‒CH=CH‒) joining 2‒chloro benzaldehyde. It has produced sufficient quantity of 2-[2-(2-Chloro-phenyl)-vinyl]-3-aryl‒(3H)‒quinazolin‒4‒one (QIl‒QIt, Scheme II). Structures of synthesized compounds were established by elemental analysis (C, H, N, O and X=halogen), FT‒IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HR‒MS. In-vitro disk diffusion assay was performed using Gram‒positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis (NCIM2711), Staphylococcus aureus (NCIM2079), Gram‒negative bacteria Kleibsella pneumonia (ATCC 4352), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC27853) and fungi Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger. Ciprofloxacin and Griseofulvin were the positive control standards for bacteria and fungi respectively. Excellent antimicrobial activity (MIC=9.07‒10.54 µM x 10-3) was exhibited by compounds as (QId), (QIf), (QIg), (QIi), (QIj), (QIk), (QIl), (QIm), (QIn), (QIq), (QIr) and (QIs). Present study of (3H)‒quinazoline‒4‒ones will serve as an important path in the development and discovery of newer antimicrobial agents.

Macrocytosis in adults is defined as a red blood cell (RBC) mean corpuscular volume (MCV) >100 FL. Macrocytic anemia is generally classified into megaloblastic and non-megaloblastic anemia. The objective of this study was to assess haematological findings in patients of macrocytic anemia based on complete blood count and peripheral blood smear and to classify them based on clinical, serum vitamin B 12 and folic acid levels .The study was carried out over a period of one year at a tertiary care teaching hospital. 100 patients were selected on simple random sampling with MCV>99 FL and peripheral blood smear showing features of macrocytosis. Out of the 100 patients studied of macrocytic anemia, 55 percent had megaloblastic anemia and remaining 45 percent had non-megaloblastic anemia due to various causes. In our study, megaloblastic anemia was the most common cause of macrocytic anemia and among non- megaloblastic causes liver disorders like hepatitis was the most important cause.

A simple and precise reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the determination of cefuroxime in human plasma was developed and validated. Using cefazolin as an internal standard (IS), 0.25 ml plasma samples were deproteinized with 90 µl of 3% trichloroacetic acid in methanol, the supernatant was extracted with 150 µl acetonitrile, and 100 µl of the second supernatant were injected into the HPLC system. Separation was achieved on Atlantis dC18 column with a mobile phase composed of 0.01 M cetyltriethylammonium bromide, 0.01 M dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (pH 6.5), and acetonitrile (30:30:40, v:v:v). The mobile phase was spiked with triethylamine (10 µl/L) and delivered at 1.0 ml/minute. The eluent was monitored spectrophotometrically at 278 nm. No interference with cefuroxime and IS peaks by extracted blank plasma components or commonly used drug was observed. The relationship between cefuroxime concentration and peak height ratio of cefuroxime to the IS was linear over the range of 0.25-14.0 μg/ml. Coefficient of variation and bias were ≤ 12.6% and ≤ 11.0%, respectively. Mean extraction recovery of cefuroxime and the IS was 99% and 95%, respectively. The method was applied to assess the stability of cefuroxime under various conditions encountered in the clinical laboratory. Cefuroxime stability in processed samples stored at room temperature for 24 hours or 48 hours at -20 °C, and in unprocessed samples for 24 hours at room temperature or 14 weeks at -20 °C was ≥ 96% and ≥ 83%, respectively.

Acinetobacter has emerged as significant hospital pathogen involved in outbreaks of hospital infections, notoriously known to acquire antibiotic resistance to most of the commonly prescribed antimicrobials. Many risk factors are associated with Acinetobacter infections, especially in patients in intensive care unit (ICU). Acinetobacter species tend to be resistant to a variety of antibiotics and thus the infections are difficult to treat. This study aims to isolate Acinetobacter from various clinical samples and to determine its antimicrobial sensitivity pattern. The objectives of the present study were; 1) To isolate Acinetobacter species from various clinical samples. 2) To study their Antibiogram pattern of the Isolated Organisms. A total of 93 Acinetobacter species were isolated from various clinical samples. Identification of Acinetobacter was done on the basis of hemolysis on blood agar, growth at 42ºC, and oxidation fermentation test. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done as per standard CLSI guidelines (2017). Maximum isolation of Acinetobacter species were from pus or wound swabs 57 (61.29%) followed by sputum and tracheal secretions 21 (22.58%) and urine 15 (16.12%) samples. Most of the strains were sensitive to imipenem (97%), piperacillin-tazobactam (91.39%), and getifloxacin (86%) whereas, maximum resistance was observed to co-trimoxazole (10.75%) and gentamicin (9.67%). Acinetobacter spp. has emerged as a major nosocomial pathogen. Broad-spectrum antibiotics should be used with caution and only after antibiotic susceptibility testing. Early identification and continued surveillance of prevalent organism will help prevent the spread of Acinetobacter in hospital environment. Empirical antibiotic policy should be determined for each hospital according to the resistance rates of that hospital setting.

Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) is a tropical and subtropical parasitic infection caused by hookworm infection which inhabit in domestic pets such as cats and dogs. Larva found in infected soil, accidently penetrates the intact skin and causes lesions which are an erythematous, serpiginous, and extremely itchy. The reported case was clinically diagnosed as CLM had multiple lesions without complications and successfully treated with albendazole.

Sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma (SRMS) is a very rare subtype of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and can lead to diagnostic difficulties especially if one is not advised of this variant. This entity was first described in 2000 by Mentzel and Katenkamp.Morphologically, it is characterized by an abundant hyalinized stroma that may erroneously lead to the diagnosis of extraskeletal chondrosarcoma, sometimes this stroma simulates a primary osteoid or vascular tumor. Thus, it can lead to confusion with osteosarcoma or angiosarcoma. We report here a case of SRMS mimicking a sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma appearing in calves in a 55-year-old man. The tumor cells were arranged in nests, cords with sometimes a pseudovascular features. Immunostaining showed that the tumor was positive for Desmin, SMA and MyoD1, focally positive for myogenin and negative for CK, P63, EMA, S-100, H-caldesmon, CD34, CD31. Based on morphological discovery and immunostaining, he was diagnosed as an SRMS. This is the first case of SRMS to show a strong and diffuse α- SMA highlighting the risk of misdiagnosis as leiomyosarcoma.

The idea behind this study is to emphasize the significance of strategic performance management systems that assist managers to build up a proper performance management process in their respective organizations. It examines the purpose of how strategic Performance system can employ to strengthen the different human resource strategies of an organization. In a nutshell, the paper takes a deep insight into the aspects of Strategic Performance Management System (SPMS).The findings obtained from the intense reviews exhibit the main purpose, process and components that the system should execute at its managerial levels for better performance.

Hematological disorders are frequent in all age groups and most of them present with anemia. Bone marrow aspiration is useful and cost effective diagnostic procedure for diagnosis of both neoplastic and non-neoplastic hematological diseases. This study was done to emphasize the crucial role of Bone Marrow Aspiration in diagnosis of hematological disorders. This was a retrospective study carried out in a period of 1 year (July 2016-August 2017). Bone marrow examination of 65 cases of suspected hematological disorders on peripheral blood smear was carried out and clinical history was recorded. We studied total 65 patients among them most common red blood cell pathologies were megaloblastic anemia (56%) followed by mixed erythroid hyperplasia (11%), iron deficiency anemia (6%), normoblastic maturation (6%). All the 5 patients of platelet disorders were diagnosed as Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Among WBC pathologies Acute Leukemia (6%) and other Miscellaneous like aleukemic leukemia, leucoerythroblastic reaction & haemophagocytic lymphohistocytosis. Megaloblastic anemia was found to be the most common finding in RBC pathology, in WBC pathology acute leukemia was the most common and among platelets ITP.

Chronic myeloid leukemia is a malignant clonal expansion of hemato¬poietic progenitor cells causally linked to a specific chromosomal abnormality, the Philadelphia chromosome. It occurs uncommonly in childhood, accounting for only 2 to 5% of all pediatric leukaemias with an annual incidence of about 1 per million in this age range. We describe one such case of chronic myeloid leukemia in an 11 year old boy, who presented with massive splenomegaly and hyperleukocytosis. The diagnosis was made from peripheral blood smear examination, supported by karyotypic study. Because of the infrequency of its occurrence, it was thought of interest to report this case of CML and to review certain interesting features of this entity in the pediatric population

Gallbladder is affected by a wide spectrum of diseases ranging from nonneoplastic lesions like congenital anomalies, gallstones and its complications, noninflammatory, inflammatory, to the neoplastic lesions .The aim of the study spectrum of histopathological changes in cholecystitis. The objectives were to study the histomorphology and frequency of various gall bladder diseases among specimens received and to correlate the various types of mucosal responses to different gallstone characteristic (like type, number, size volume and weight). Gall bladder specimen after cholecystectomy of patients who was admitted in ward surgery of BPS GMC, Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat.Place of study:-Department of Pathology, BPS GMC Khanpur Kalan, Sonipat. Study design- Prospective study. Out of 339 cases, two hundred and ninety seven (87.61%) patients studied were females, whereas 42 (12.39%) cases were males. Male to female ratio was 1:7.07. Out of the 339 cases, 234 (69.7%) had mixed stones, followed by pigment 44(13%) cases and cholesterol31 (9.1%) and 27 (8.1%) had no stones. 126 (37%) had single stone, nine had (3%) double and the remaining 195 (58%) had multiple stones. Conclusion: The histopathological spectrum of gallbladder lesions includes chronic cholecystitis and associated mucosal alterations and lesions like metaplasia, dysplasia and carcinoma. Variants of chronic cholecystitis such as xanthogranulomatous, granulomatous and follicular cholecystitis were also noted. To conclude, it was seen that the average weight, volume and size of the gall bladder significantly correlated in increasing order with cholecystitis, hyperplasia, metaplasia and carcinoma.

Abstract: The objective of the study was to compare computed tomography (CT) imaging of patients with respect to neurological signs. This is a hospital based prospective observational study. 50 patients of eclampsia (both antepartum and postpartum) were studied. CT scan was performed within 48 hours of admission. Statistical analysis was done chi square test and unpaired student’s t test. In this study, of the 42 cases with CT scan abnormality, 39 women had neurological signs and symptoms and 3 cases did not have neurological signs and symptoms (p=0.000005). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were found to be 92.85%, 75%, 95.12% and 66.66 % and the diagnostic accuracy was found to be 90%. CT scan of brain in eclampsia can provide useful intra cerebral information and should be done in cases with severe neurologic manifestations, if possible for every eclamptic mother. Further studies including diagnosis of specific neurological manifestations would emphasize the precise clinical presentations in women with eclampsia. Neuroimaging therefore, will help in modifying management protocol in eclampsia.

Mixed ovarian tumors are rare. The association of a granulosa tumor with a mucinous adenocarcinoma is exceptional and has never been reported to our knowledge in the literature. We report the case of a 44 year old patient, who consulted for an abdominal mass. The radiological explorations showed the presence of an enormous ovarian tumor, after hysterectomy the diagnosis of mixed ovarian tumor was made by histological and immunohistochemical study. The treatment is essentially surgical.

An important milestone in the history of blood transfusion was the discovery of the ABO blood groups by Karl Landsteiner, followed by discovery of Rh (D) antigen. Landsteiner’s achievements lead to several discoveries in the field of immunohaematology. The ABO blood group is useful in selecting the appropriately matched blood group during blood transfusion, organ transplantation, finding out association of blood groups and diseases etc. ABO blood group system classifies blood groups of people into four different types namely A, B, O and AB. The need for the study of frequency distribution of blood group is multipurpose. This study was done to know the frequency distribution of blood groups among first year medical students. This study was conducted on 100 medical students in the Department of Physiology at CAIMS medical college in Karimnagar Telangana state. The blood samples were collected by finger prick method. ABO blood grouping and Rhesus factors (Rh) typing determined by glass slide method. Out of total 100 medical students who volunteered, 30 were males and 70 females. In our study, the most frequently occurring blood group was O ( 42%) followed by B group (29%), A group 17% ) and AB group(12% ) . 81% students were Rh positive whereas only 19% were Rh negative. This study may enable us to contact individuals belonging to a particular blood group at times of medical emergencies when blood transfusion is required.

The Large Intestine neoplasms are one of the most common neoplasms encountered now a days. It consists of both colon and rectum malignancies. At present it ranks second to bronchogenic carcinoma in most prevalent cancers. Globally 8,00,000 Colo-Rectal Cancer cases are believed to occur and mortality of this is expected to be near 4,50,000. Overall incidence is 10% of all cancers. The present study was undertaken to study neoplastic lesions in the large intestine for the period of twenty-two months. The study consisted of total 65 cases out of which, 46 were surgically resected specimen and 19 were biopsies. Majority of the cases were Adenocarcinomas (61.5%), followed by Mucinous adenocarcinoma (24.6%). Most common location of Colo-Rectal Cancer was rectum (47.7%) followed by sigmoid colon (15.4%). Rare cases like Signet ring cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, Gastrointestinal stromal tumor and lymphoma were also found in the study. Histopathological evaluation is the only confirmatory investigation for diagnosis of such tumors. Present study emphasizes the need for early histopathological diagnosis for appropriate treatment.

The objectives of the study were to find out The Influence of The Implementation Government Accounting Standard based on Accrual through the Financial Report Quality (Survey on the Depok City work unit). Quantitative study was used in constructing the research with the Regional Device Work Unit in Depok City Region as respondent. SPSS 24 was used in analyzing the data. Survey method with collecting questioner was used in constructing the data. The survey was conducted in local government Depok for a month, 28th March 2018 – 28th April 2018. The result of the study and analyzing the data using simple linear regression. Based on the study, it can be concluded that The Implementation of Standard Accounting based on Accrual had a big influence significan the financial report.