This research aimed to improve written expression (composition) skills of twelve grade students of the Al-Mazar secondary school by using the Tamer-Aien intervention model. The intervention model was designed by using metacognitive strategic concept, techniques, symbols and diagrams. This study was conducted at AlMazar secondary school in Jordan. A total sample of 22 students‟ from the same grade was chosen for the study. The baseline assessment was carried out to explore the preintervention writing skill score of the students prior to the intervention cycle one. Later, intervention and writing skill support strategies were carried out for twelve weeks. In the end, post-test was carried out to explore the differences occurred in the writing score of the students as a post-intervention effect. The findings obtained from the quantitative data showed the improvement in the written expression skills of the students. It was observed that through taking the above-mentioned measures, the teachers can help students improve their writing skills. Data were analyzed using the independent Mann-Whitney U test followed by Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test. The results showed that there was a positive effect on the students writing performance from the pretest at the beginning of intervention program up to the posttest at the end of the intervention program. The findings have implications for pedagogy as well as for research.

The aqueous and chloroform extracts of Acacia nilotica linn belonging to the family Fabaceae were evaluated for anthelmintic activity. The dried powder of Acacia nilotica bark was extracted and the activity was studied. Both aqueous and chloroform extract collected were tested for anthelmintic activity against Indian adult earthworm Pheretima posthuma (Annelida) and recorded the time taken for induction of paralysis and death. Two concentrations (25 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml) of aqueous and chloroform were evaluated in the bioassay involving determination of time of paralysis (P) and time of death (D) of the worms. Piperazine citrate (10 mg/ml) was used as reference standard and normal saline solution as a control. Comparative results of present study indicated that the aqueous and chloroform extracts of leaves of Acacia nilotica, linn shows significantly dose depending pharmacological activity on the earthworms.

The purpose of the study was to establish the relationship between students’ perception and performance .The theories that guided the study were theory of leaning and Constructivism theory. In this study the design used was correlation survey design. The target population that involved in this study is 16 public schools in Moshi municipality. Samplings used in this study were stratified and simple randomly sampling. The instruments that used to obtain the data in this study were questionnaire for students and interview schedule for teachers. The main findings were Perceptions of students towards science subjects in Moshi municipality Relationship between student’s perception and academic performance towards science subjects in Moshi municipality, Improvement perceptions of students towards science subjects and challenges facing students’ performance on science subjects in Moshi municipality. The study concluded that there is strong relationship between students’ perceptions and performance towards science subjects. The researcher made recommends that the ministry of education and vocational training must establish union among students who studying science subjects and prepare gifts and incentives for all students who performing better in science subjects, this situation will increase interest of students to study science.

This study was designed to compare the properties, kinetics and stability of the immobilized lettuce protease with the free one. We also aimed to test the use of the immobilized lettuce protease for the production of novel bile binding and tyrosinase-inhibitory peptides from plant food processing wastes (cauliflower midrib and broad bean leaves). Immobilized lettuce protease was prepared previously from Lactuca sativa (lettuce) seeds. Free lettuce protease was immobilized on alginate-glutraldehyde beads by covalent bond at optimum conditions with high immobilization efficiency. In the present study, immobilized protease showed optimal activity 221.5 U/mg enzyme protein at pH 10 and 70°C, while the free one showed 22 U/mg enzyme protein at pH 7 and 60°C. Km values of the immobilized and free protease toward azocasein were 1.143 and 1.442 mg, and Vmax values were 142.9 and 24.6 U/mg enzyme protein, respectively. Immobilization of lettuce protease resulted in an increase of activation energy (Ea) for azocasein hydrolysis from 9.6 to 23 Kj/mol. Immobilization improved its turnover number Kcat (15.96 Kj/mol) and catalytic efficiency Kcat /Km (13.96 Kj/mol) compared to that of the free one (3.09 and 2.143 Kj/mol, respectively). Deactivation energy (Ed) values were 38.76 and 55.41 for the free and immobilized protease, respectively, confirming the enzyme stability by immobilization. Free protease could be stored for 70 days at 4°C with loss of only 20% of its initial activity, while the immobilized one could be stored for 23 and 46 days with retention of 114 and 74.5% of its initial activity at 9°C, respectively. CaCl2 increased the rigidity, stability and activity of the immobilized enzyme by 125%. Cauliflower peptides were enzymatically prepared from cauliflower protein. It had higher bile binding and tyrosinase inhibitor potency than the parent protein. Immobilized lettuce protease and cauliflower peptides could be applied in food and pharmaceutical industries.

Determining sex plays important role in the identification of the unknown person. The positive identification of human remains requires the matching of physical characteristics of the deceased with records of the physical characteristics made before death. Several methods may be used to produce identification with an aggregate high level of reliability. Sex determination is usually done by osteometry, DNA analysis and even by odontometric parameters. Aim of the study was to identify gender using measurements of mesiodistal crown width of the six maxillary anterior teeth (later added to derive combined mesiodistal widths), fronto-occipital head circumference, height, and diameter of the skull on a lateral cephalography. In this study, 100 persons were evaluated. After obtaining informed consent from the subject selected, measurements of mesiodistal crown width of the six maxillary anterior teeth (later added to derive combined mesiodistal widths), fronto-occipital head circumference, height, and diameter of the skull on a lateral cephalography were performed. Combined data, male, and female data were analyzed separately for binary logistical analysis for sex determination to the parameters recorded and discriminant function equation were derived for each parameter. In the present study mean values of all the parameters were calculated and showed a statistically significant variation between males and females. Discriminant function analysis was performed for all the variables which correctly classified 91% of the cases. Our Study suggests that the discriminant functional analysis has proved that the sex of unknown sex skull can be determined using above mentioned parameters. Studies at a large scale are in need to approve or disprove the above factor.

The Aim of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of non-fixed combination (NFC) of dorzolamide (2.0%)/timolol maleate (0.5%) versus NFC of latanoprost (0.005%)/timolol maleate (0.5%) regarding reduction of intra ocular pressure in patients with primary open angle glaucoma. This was a 12-week, randomized, open label, parallel group study with primary open angle glaucoma (IOP range: 24 – 36 mmhg), which included 40 subjects in dorzolamide/timolol group [dorzolamide (2.0%) instilled twice daily and timolol maleate (0.5%) twice daily] and 40 subjects in latanoprost/timolol group [latanoprost (0.005%) instilled once daily, timolol maleate (0.5%) twice daily]. IOP was measured at baseline, 4 and 12 weeks at 10 am. Adverse events were recorded at each visit. The difference in reduction of IOP in two treatment groups from baseline to 12 weeks was the main outcome measure. Mean IOP was similar at baseline for both groups. Absolute reduction in IOP from baseline to 12 weeks was 9.6 mmhg in dorzolamide/timolol group (P <0.001) and 9.7 mmhg in latanoprost/timolol group (P <0.001). No significant difference was found regarding reduction of IOP between the groups (P < 0.85). Both treatments were well tolerated. NFC of dorzolamide/timolol and latanoprost/timolol showed comparable efficacy in reducing IOP. They were also comparable regarding safety profile.

The structures supporting the tricuspid valve leaflets are called chordae tendinae. They are collagenous. They are also known as tendinous cords. The tricuspid valve cusps are attached into the atria, during ventricular contraction, by the chordae. Tension in the chordae tendinae is regulated by specialized muscles called papillary muscles which contract along with the ventricular muscle. The chordae tendinae are attached to the papillary muscles. The chordae tendinae have been found to be involved in causing valve dysfunction and have shown variations in their number and attachment causing tricuspid valve dysfunction. Hence, the study was undertaken to describe their morphology and report any variations. 96 hearts were studied, which were collected from cadavers allotted to undergraduate students for dissection, over a period of time. Hearts were removed by dissection method. Window dissection of the anterior ventricular wall and the posterior right ventricular wall exposes both the papillary muscles & the chordae tendinae. The following types of Chordae tendinae were observed. They were 5 in number and were as follows: Basal chordae, Fan shaped chordae, free edge chordae, rough zone chordae and Deep chordae. No abnormal deviations were observed.

Abstract: As professional’s teachers in the field of education, at least, they have the duties of teaching, mentors, class administrators, curriculum developers, professional developers, and community relations builders. Competence in the educational perspective is a necessity, because a professional job, in this case, the teacher, have to be based on the field of the knowledge. The purpose of this study was to describe teachers’ social competency in improving students’ extracurricular skills that extra-curricular activities can influence development in academics, social skills, and school completion. This study was literature research that discusses the social competence of the teacher in applying at school for improving students’ extracurricular skills surrounding Batam area. Over half of a student's time is spent being involved in some sort of structured activity. It is important for teachers, counselors, and parents to know the overall impact of participating and being involved in out-of school activities. Social competence of teachers as part of the community to communicate and socialize effectively with learners, fellow educators, education personnel, parents of learners, and the surrounding community. The school educates students to be smart and they must have a teacher who is competent in the field. If the teacher already has the competence then the student relationship with the teacher goes well, the achievement will also be good. The teachers need social competence because they share their knowledge to the students. Therefore the only teacher should learn a lot from communicating to be clear and cautious.

Women hospitalized with high risk pregnancy are exposed to many stressors such as separation from their families, unsuitable and noisy environment, hospital routine, lack of privacy. Stress has negative effect on maternal, fetal and neonatal outcomes such as abortion, preterm birth and low birth weight babies. One group time series research design. A purposive sample of 45 high risk pregnant women. High risk in-patient (unit 21) at El Manial University Hospital. A- Maternal Interviewing Questionnaire, B- Perceived Stress Scale, C- Hospital Stressors Assessment Sheet. Study revealed statistical significant difference in stress level before and after intervention due to emotional support (X2 41.627, P .000*) and there is statistical significant difference between stress level and maternal complications (X2 49.828, P .023*), but there is no statistical significant difference between stress level and neonatal birth weight, neonatal complications(X2 18.280, P .107*), time and mode of delivery. Women hospitalized with high risk pregnancy need not only medical treatment but also to give attention to their psychological status and provide emotional support from health care providers.

The aim of the study is to determine the knowledge and practices of nurses towards postoperative pain management. The data collected from 92 participants were female nurses. In this study cross-sectional study design was used and self-administered structured questionnaire was conducted in government hospital Layyah Pakistan. Likert scale was used in this instrument. After data collection, it was analyzed by SPSS version 21. The results were analyzed in terms of descriptive statistics frequency, percentage for data analysis. A total of 100 questionnaire were returned from 120 questionnaires distributed to participant. Results of the study revealed that nurses have good knowledge about post –operative pain management but practices were not good Overall, study shows that knowledge of pain management of nurses statistically and significantly is good but practices were poor. In conclusion, patients are still hurting because of poor practices of nurses towards pain management thus the hospital management should focus on these factors to improve the nurse’s practices.

The main objective of this study was to identify causes and perceived effects of rainfall variability on access to water in Baringo County. The study used a descriptive survey design. Purposeful sampling and stratified proportionate random sampling procedures were used to obtain the sample. A total of 376 households were selected for the study. Questionnaire, key informant interview schedule and observations were the main instruments of data collection. Analysis of data was done using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS). Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the effects and causes of climate change in Baringo County. Rainfall variability affected access to water in Baringo County. More frequent and severe droughts were perceived to be responsible for the reduced water level in Lake Baringo and intermittency of most rivers that were previously permanent. Deforestation is the main cause of rainfall variability in Baringo County hence there is need to increase awareness on climate variability and change and encourage people to use alternative sources of energy and plant trees.

Repetitive behavior is a common symptom in children and is characterised by sameness, rigidity and repetitiveness. These stereotypic and repetitive behaviors are seen in various psychiatric as well as neurological disorders. Till today, the focus of almost all studies was on repetitive behavior in ASD & OCD. The purpose of this study is to bring all the children presenting with repetitive behavior under the same roof, to investigate the patterns of repetitive behaviour in children associated with different childhood disorders and to study the distribution and severity of repetitive behaviors among childhood psychiatric disorders. A Cross-sectional observational study, for the duration of 1 year, was performed on 72 Children (0-12yr) with repetitive behaviour attending the child guidance clinic, who had given consent. Children were screened by using CBCL and diagnosed as per ICD-10 DCR. Severity of repetitive behaviors was assessed using the RBS-R scale & score of different subscale of each disorder were compared. Statistical analysis was done on SPSS version 23. Total 8 types of disorders were included in this study. Stereotyped behavior, Self-injurious behavior more in PDD than OCD, MR &TIC. Compulsive behavior more in OCD than PDD, TIC & MR. Ritualistic behavior, sameness behavior, restricted behavior and total score are more in OCD than tic disorder. Stereotyped behavior more in Tic disorder than OCD. Stereotyped behavior and self-injurious behavior more in MR than OCD. This research contributes to the literature looking at domains or specific groups of repetitive behavior within children with PDD, OCD, TIC and other disorders. As per our knowledge this is the first study in India on repetitive behavior in different childhood disorders.

Based on Lillian’s (2008) and Chen’s (2016) studies on women’s courtesy titles, this study makes a comparison and contrast of women’s courtesy titles in mainland China and Taiwan, with reference to those in the Whites and Blacks. It is based on a survey of a questionnaire, which is almost the same as the one used in Chen (2016) that was modelled on the one used in Lillian (2008). The results confirmed that age is an influential factor in the selection of courtesy titles for women of different marital status. It also confirmed Lillian’s observation that a woman’s occupational status may outweigh her marital status. However, even mainland China and Taiwan belong to the same Chinese community, they have statistically significant difference in women’s courtesy titles, especially in the use of XJ (Miss). Its fill-in-the-blank method of collecting women’s courtesy titles, rather than fixed-choices method, also seems to be effective.

Complications involving the lungs as a sequela of a systemic disease process are not uncommon, and in fact, pulmonary involvement could be the first or even the only manifestation of systemic disease in a handful of clinical cases. Inflammatory bowel diseases are characterized by mucosal inflammation involving the GI tract that can follow a relapsing-remitting course. Respiratory tract diseases in the setting of IBD can be quite variable and warrants clinical recognition and proper treatment as it could have a significant impact on the patients' health. Here I summarize the potential pathological involvements of the respiratory system in the cohort of IBD patients and summarize the clinical assessment steps necessary to achieve the proper diagnosis.

Research active status of Library and Information Science (LIS) in India has been studied using publications indexed in the Scopus database. ―Library and Information Science‖ as a search term in the All field tag fetched 387 records and the period of coverage from 2008 to 2016. The downloaded data were analyzed using MS Excel and VOS Viewer software applications. The analysis revealed that there are 160 authors from among 35 countries; 112 journals; 7 types of documents; 160 institutions; 1931 times cited by local and global references. 65.37% of publications are scholarly articles. The highest productive year is 2015 (Citation -183) and lowest is 2008 and 2009 (Citation-106 and 185). Of the 35 countries, India stands first, United State and Canada in the second and third places respectively. ―Annals of Library and Information Studies‖, ―DESIDOC Journal of Library and Information Technology‖, ―Library Philosophy and Practice‖ are the most productive journals involved in this study. Among the 160 authors, ―Mukherjee, B.‖ has earned the highest h- index value. ―University of Delhi‖ dominates other institutions in terms of a number of records.