The species Jatropha curcas of the family Euphorbiaceae, widespread in Central Africa, is a shrub 5 to 8 m high; widely used in traditional medicine. The interest of the present study is the evaluation of the hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activity of the aqueous extract of its roots and the formulation of capsules from the dry extract. After the harvest of Jatropha curcas in the region of the center Cameroon, roots underwent clearly a decoction in distilled water, maceration in ethanol 80 % and in pure methanol. Characterization of secondary metabolites families was performed by coloring and phytochemical precipitation tests. Subsequently, some of these metabolites were measured from standards. The animal material (male and female rats) was prepared for demonstration of hypoglycemic and antihyperglycaemic activity using as method the measurement of blood glucose every 30 minutes for 3 hours. The determination of the yields of the extracts showed a significant profitability, 8,14% for the aqueous extract. Phytochemical screening analysis and determination of phenolic compounds revealed that the aqueous extract had high levels of total phenols (24.037 mg Eq AG / g dried material), total flavonoids (9.493 mg Eq Q / g DM), flavanols (2,704 mg Eq R / g DM), flavones and flavonols (2,053 mg Eq Q / g DM), saponins (6,270%), tannins condensates (0,019 mg Eq C / g DM) and anthocyanins (2,625 mg / ml), relative to the methanolic extract and the ethanolic extract. In addition, the methanolic extract was found to be the most titrated in alkaloids (0.698%). Administration of the aqueous extract of root at a dosage of 500 mg/kg of body weight significantly decreased glycaemia (p < 0.05) compared to the group of rats which received distilled water at 10 ml/kg and showed a significant change in percentage of glucose reduction (p = 0.003), comparable to that of glibenclamide 10 mg / kg of body weight, the sulfonylurea hypoglycemic drug of reference. Our results show that the roots of J. curcas have an interesting hypoglycemic effect suggesting their use as extracts in hypoglycemic treatments.

Nigeria currently ranks as the seventh most populous country in the world. However, there is no consensus in the empirical literature on the effect of this growing population on economic development. This study contributes to the ongoing investigations into the effect of population growth on economic development in Nigeria. The study used annual time series data for the period 1980 to 2016 and adopted the OLS regression technique. The results indicate that population growth retards economic development in Nigeria. However, the results further show that credit to the private sector is an important driver of economic development in Nigeria both in the short-run and long-run. Among others, the study concludes that policies that can control the escalating population; ensure that the existing population becomes more productive; and deepen the availability of credits for the private sector will enhance economic development in Nigeria

Objectives: To summarize and critically evaluate the body of research on the connection between obesity and sudden cardiac death (SCD) risk. Methods: To locate research that met the inclusion criteria, a thorough computerized search of relevant databases was carried out. A comprehensive search was carried out on PubMed, SCOPUS, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to locate relevant material. Results: Our data included seven trials with 104,697 participants and 68,738 (65.7%) were males. The prevalence of SCD among obese patients ranged from 0.05% to 37.1%, with a total prevalence of 1111 (1.1%). Five studies stated that as BMI rises, so does the chance of SCD. Obesity in the early stages of life and obesity and overweight throughout adulthood are risk factors for SCD [13, 15]. Many studies highlighted the interplay between obesity and cardiovascular comorbidities, such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, and heart failure, in increasing the risk of sudden death. Conclusion: The results of this comprehensive review offer strong evidence that obesity poses a substantial risk of sudden death, with the risk rising as obesity severity increases. In those who have pre-existing cardiovascular problems and significant obesity, the relationship is very high. Subsequent investigations have to concentrate on improving comprehension of the correlation between obesity and unexpected mortality, as well as creating practical methods to lower this risk in medical settings.

The existence of human resources in an organization is a valuable asset for the organization itself. Civil Servants (PNS) or now called the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) as human resources in government become the backbone of the government in running the government. In accordance with Law No. 39 of 2008 concerning the State Ministry, it is stated that the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is one of 3 (three) ministries that cannot be dissolved by the President. Thus the position of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs has a significant role in the government. So with these conditions, it is important for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to have human resources who are committed to remembering their actions not only in the country but giving Indonesia's image to the international world. The objectives of this study are to find out and explain the effect of career development (x1) and compensation (x2), on job satisfaction (y1) to organizational commitment (y2) in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The sample of this research is the employee of general secretariat of foreign ministry by employing descriptive statistics and data analysis technique using SmartPLS version 3.2.7 as the research methodology. The research reveals that career development, compensation, and job satisfaction have positive effect to the organizational commitment, both partially and simultaneously. Partially, only career development has insignificant effect to the job satisfaction, while the remaining variables have significant effect.

Blood transfusion is a routine, life-saving medical intervention which is generally regarded as safe when done appropriately, but it is not absolutely free from adverse reaction. The aim of the study was to analyze the Adverse Transfusion Reaction (ATRs) as a part of Haemovigilance Programme of India at VIMSAR, Burla. This study was prospective and observational. All blood transfusions and adverse reaction which occurred due to transfusion at V S S Institute of Medical Science and Research (VIMSAR), Burla, between June 2018 and November 2018 were studied. The reactions were reported in a pre-designed transfusion reaction (TR) reporting form for blood and blood products as per the Haemovigilance software, PvPI. ATRs were also analyzed with respect to types of blood products. Total blood components issued by our blood bank to various departments and total ATRs during the study period were 13145 and 121 respectively. Majority of the reactions occurred with whole blood (0.71%), followed by packed red cells (0.17%). The most common ATR observed was allergy (80.16%) followed by febrile Non hemolytic TR (19.83%). Most of the ATRs were acute reactions. The study emphasizes the different reaction accompanied with blood transfusion, and how it can be minimised by proper laboratory technique so that quality and safety of transfusion therapy can be improvised.

The business concentration related to post-harvest and agro-food processing is scarcely widespread in the scientific literature, especially in emerging countries such as Peru. The objective was: a) to know the territories where the companies dedicated to the cultivation, processing and conservation of cereals, vegetables, legumes and fruits are located in Peru, b) to know the quantity of these companies and c) to identify the size of these agro-food companies. Material and method: This is an observational, descriptive and transversal study. The International Standard Industrial Classification version 3.0 and the classification database of the companies that reported the Ministry of Production from January 1 to December 31, 2015 were used. In Peru there are 7995 companies; 5042 are dedicated to the cultivation of cereals, 908 to vegetables and legumes and 2045 to fruits, nuts and plants for beverages and spices. The territories that host these economic activities are: Ucayali with 848 (16.8%) companies, Lima with 281 (30.9%) and Madre de Dios with 518 (25.3%) companies respectively. For the elaboration and transformation of food products, Lima is the city that houses 4683 companies, more than the rest of the cities. According to the business size there are 7828 (97.9%) and 10720 (98.3%) microenterprises corresponding to the cultivation and processing of these foods. Conclusions: It is important to know the socio-economic and agrifood reality, public-private investment to enhance the human capital and the economy of the Peruvian territories with more sustainable and environmentally friendly activities

Plants have formed the basis of sophisticated traditional medicinal systems that have been in existence for thousands of years and continue to provide mankind with new remedies. The study of total ethanol extract of Shorea robusta oleoresin and Wrightia tinctoria bark investigated the antiallergic activity study by sheep (Capra hircus) serum and compound 48/80 induced mast cell degranulation method using ketotifen fumarate and antipruritic activity study by compound 48/80 method using chlorpheniramine maleate as standard. The results showed both plants are excellent candidates.

The study was conducted in five major Binasoybean-2 growing areas of Bangladesh, namely Noakhali, Laxmipur, Chandpur, Barisal, Comilla. The major shares of total cost were human labour, power tiller, fertilizer and irrigation. The average total cost of production in field level of Binasoybean-2 is Tk. 31382.71. The net returns were Tk. 39738.40, Tk. 32353.80, Tk. 31467.89, Tk. 30499.63 and Tk. 20688.88 ha-1 followed by Chandpur, Laxmipur, Noakhali, Barishal, Comilla, respectively. The highest net return (Tk. 39738.40 ha-1) was found at Chandpur district and the lowest net return (Tk. 20688.88 ha-1) comes from Comilla district for Binasoybean-2. The undiscounted benefit cost ratio over full cost basis were 2.29, 2.02, 2.01, 1.98 and 1.65 for Binasoybean-2 in field level for Chandpur, Noakhali, Laxmipur, Barishal and Comilla, respectively. The highest Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) is 2.29 in Chandpur district and the lowest BCR is 1.65 in Comilla district. The highest yield gap between research station and field level was in Comilla (397.50 kg ha-1) and lowest in Chandpur (83.50 kg ha-1). The yield gap between research station and farm level in percentage were 18.30, 8.49, 11.48, 40.43 and 21.30 for Binasoybean-2 in Noakhali, Chandpur, Laxmipur, Comilla and Barishal, respectively. Binasoybean-2 growers faced various constraints to Binasoybean-2 cultivation like, disease and pest infestation, non-availability of quality seed and fertilizer at proper time, lack of soil moisture during sowing time, lack of credit facilities etc. Binasoybean-2 production in the study areas is profitable. Binasoybean-2 farmers received higher return on their investment

Youth often face difficulties in accessing sexual and reproductive health services. The main aim this study was to determine the utilization of youth friendly reproductive health services among secondary school going youths of Fort portal Municipality and ascertain factors that influence use of these services. A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted on 250 secondary school youths in Fortportal Municipality. Sample size was determined by using Kish Leslie’s formula. Clustered sampling method was used to choose two (2) schools from each division of Fort portal Municipality; then respondents selected by consecutive sampling method. Data was analyzed using SPSS V.22. About half (53.2%) of the respondents were females and most of the study respondents (85.6%) were adolescents. Almost a third of the respondents (39.2%) were sexually active with 67.3 percent of them having unprotected sex. The study revealed that more than three quarters (79.2%) of the youths were poor users of youth friendly reproductive health services with sex education as the most utilized service (88.4%) and the least being use of contraceptives (20.3%). Age and availability of the services were the main determinants of utilization of these services. Adolescents utilized Youth friendly reproductive health services more than fellow older youths (P; 0.023 and P; 0.033 respectively). Availability of some Youth friendly reproductive health services in schools and health facilities influenced their utilization (P; 0.001 and P;0.013 respectively).Youth friendly reproductive health services are under-utilized by secondary school going youths. Youth friendly healthcare clinics should be operational in all schools and health facilities.

This study aims to analyze the influence of emotional intelligence, rewards and job satisfaction on organizational commitment both partially and simultaneously. The design of this study is quantitative using the survey method. The population of this study is life insurance agents who work for insurance companies that control the market share in the JABODETABEK region. The sample size in this study was determined through a minimum sample size formula for the iterative measure of correlation coefficients, in order to obtain a sample of 200 life insurance agents. This study uses multiple linear regression analysis techniques. SPSS 22.00 analysis tool. The results of this study are that emotional intelligence, rewards and job satisfaction have a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment both partially and simultaneously. There are still other factors that influence organizational commitment apart from three variables of emotional intelligence, rewards and job satisfaction

This paper aimed at carrying out a failure analysis on a typical gas pipeline in Niger Delta, Nigeria. The research analyzes the causes of failure of an existing pipeline which conveys 35MSCF/D of natural gas from the processing plant of marginal oil and gas field to a power generating station, 14km away. Non Destructive Testing (NDT) procedure, specifically, Ultrasonic Testing method was used to carry out the failure analysis on the pipe specimen. The pipeline thickness gauging alongside the flaw detention procedures carried out showed that the pipeline failed integrity test, therefore unfit for its intended purpose. The overall result shows that the major causes of the pipe failure are metallurgical/weld defect as well as corrosion along the welded line. The parameters obtained were used to compute the failure model for the pipeline.

Fulminant myocarditis (FM) is a life-threatening disease with a rapid, progressive course of deterioration. The prognosis is favorable with appropriate management in the initial vulnerable stages. Here we report the first occurrence of FM in a healthy primigravid woman. We report the case of a previously healthy 30-year-old woman with FM in whom cardiac function normalized within 4 days with aggressive pharmacological support using positive inotropic drugs, intravenous steroids, high-dose immunoglobulin, and intravenous antibiotics. FM remains a challenging disease for diagnosis and treatment in clinical practice. This case serves to emphasize the importance of FM and its management. Myocardial failure due to FM can be reversible if treated early

Humor, as a universal language phenomenon, is an important part in people‟s daily life, which can improve human relations, bring pleasant feeling to people. A sitcom, short form for a situation comedy, consists of a large quantity of humors, and is one of the best carrier forms of humor. Friends is one of the most successful American sitcoms. Love Apartment also enjoys great popularity in China. Under the theoretical framework of speech act theory, this paper analyses the similarities and difference of humorous speech acts in these two famous sitcoms and explores the reasons behind the difference and aims to help the audience have a better interpretation of the sitcoms.

The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the significant promotion mix factors that have an effect on the outstanding lending decision and formulate a suitable strategy for Indonesia Exim bank. The type of research used is correlational research and if based on data type is quantitative research. The population of this research is the debtors from Indonesia Exim bank in the Medan region from 2012 to 2016, totaling 30 companies. Data analysis in this research uses multiple linear regression model. In the process of data processing, the authors are assisted using the Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) data processing application. The results have found that advertising, personal sales, public relations, and direct sales simultaneously have an influence on lending decisions. Partially, advertising and public relations have a significant influence on loan decisions, while personal sales and direct sales have no significant effect on lending decisions

The church’s growth rate is simply not keeping pace with world’s burgeoning population, especially in East and West Sub-counties of Nakuru County. An honest evaluation of church membership verses the population of the area will lead one to conclude that unless there is a dramatic change in the way the church is growing, then the church will not complete Heaven’s assignment. This study examined levels of role and responsibility coordination among pastors and church elders in the SDA church. The researcher employed descriptive research designs with both qualitative and quantitative research methods. The results indicated that believers indeed had spiritual challenges that hindered the church to grow. It was found out that with commitment and education in the word of God members have the potential to reach the masses with the word of God. The researcher conducted a survey to determine the challenges facing spiritual growth and development in this locality. This was to help discover the challenges and strategize on ways that the church can use to grow. It was meant also to help the church leadership address those issues that will make the church stagnant without fulfilling its mission. The study concluded that nomination process was not transparent since some posts were reserved for specific persons; it was found that such exercise was influenced negatively by the leadership. The findings also ascertained that church elders and pastors imposed persons of their choice in specific posts and influencing the election process. The leaders of the churches in this locality will need to work together with the laity in addressing the spiritual challenges. When they work together results will be a spiritual people and a church ready to fulfill God’s mission. The spiritual leaders need to take a front lead.