Smoking is one of the major cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in both developed and also in developing countries. Tobacco contains over 4000 chemical compounds and at least 400 toxins of which 60 are carcinogenic and its use is linked to over 25 diseases. The main cause of death related to smoking are atherosclerosis and cancer. Clinical observations in some areas shows that over 60% of heart diseases under 40 years of age are due to cigarette smoking. Regular smoking of any number of cigarettes is one of the important common risk factor for the development of myocardial infarction. The study is to see changes in ECG in smokers compared to nonsmokers. The study was conducted in young individuals of age between 18yrs to 25yrs .The individuals who does not smoke were selected as control and individuals who smoke are selected, ECG was recorded in control and smokers. Short term smoking of duration 02 to 05yrs produce significant cardiac electrical activity predisposing to cardiac risk. Study results showed that smokers are prone to cardiovascular risk. So in earlier stage abstinence from smoking can revert back the cardiovascular changes to nearly normal or in more severe cases to recovery with little residual damage to the heart.

The most important human need to be fulfilled through consumption activities as a culinary tour, this is of course the basic needs or basic needs, but human needs continue to grow in line with the development of the times and increased revenue received. Students as human beings are demanding in some things in buying food. Students as culinary tourists who demand everything in buying food, both from the quality of food products and the price of food and consumer satisfaction. The current development of food needs with a variety of shapes and flavors bought by many students, therefore various types of forms and taste of food has been offered by many economic actors engaged in culinary tourism. In enjoying a meal or meal, every student has a different way of fulfilling it, it can be by choosing a restaurant with an appropriate service and feeling satisfied after he sacrificed some money. The problems that exist in students today still have complaints about the quality of food products, prices and satisfaction. Foods that want to eat well but banged the price is expensive, on the contrary with cheap prices the students do not get good food products, so satisfaction is not found. With conditions like this, students whether to accept the existing conditions, this is what becomes interesting to study. This study will examine the culinary tours conducted by students. This study aims to determine whether there is influence of food prices purchased by students on the quality of food products and customer satisfaction among students. Tourist satisfaction as a culinary tourism consumer will be formed if the restaurant can provide quality services. Quality of service has a close relationship with student satisfaction. Quality provides an impetus to consumers to forge strong bonds with the company. Thus the company can increase consumer satisfaction by minimizing or negating the unpleasant consumer experience. The population in this study were students in West Jakarta, Indonesia. The questionnaire used multivariate variables. The sample used is Non Probability Sampling technique, the type of method used is purposive sampling. Variable measurements were performed using Likert Scale 1 - 5. Data were collected on tabulated, processed and analyzed as many as 231 questionnaires

Background: Identification of skeletal remains is of utmost importance in medico- legal investigations. Skeletal components are often investigated for gender determination the skull and pelvis along with the mandible being a practical element to analyze gender variation in the fragmented bones of a dense layer of compact bone makes it very durable and well preserved than any other bone. When sex determination using skeleton is considered, metric analyses on the radiographs are often found to be of superior value owing to their objectivity, accuracy and reproducibility. Aims And Objectives: The following were the aims and objectives of our study:- 1) To measure the various morphometric parameters of the mandible in digital panoramic radiographs, determine variations in the morphometric parameters of the mandible, based on gender. 2) To correlate these findings in gender determination. 3) To find out which are the most reliable parameters in gender determination. Materials And Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using panoramic radiographs of 100 males and100 females, which were taken using Orthophos XG machine 64 KV, 8mA and 14.1 seconds). Twelve parameters such as maximum ramus breadth, minimum ramus breadth, condylar height, projective height of ramus, coronoid height, height of mandible, superior margin of mental foramen to inferior border, inferior margin of mental foramen to inferior border, superior margin of mental foramen to alveolar crest, gonial angle, antegonial angle and antegonial depth were measured on both sides on digital panoramic radiographs .Measurements were made using mouse driven methods and anatomical landmarks. Statistical analysis was done. Results: There was significant difference in these parameters with p value < 0.05. Conclusion: This study shows strong evidence that mandibular measurements using panoramic radiographs were reliable for gender determination and the projective height of the ramus is the most significant of all the parameters, which may be used for gender determination using the mandible.

With the intention of selecting plants for use as a fungicide, a study was conducted on the invitro activity of 10 medicinal plants in the Kisangani area. The activity of 3 types of extracts (concentrated crude, ethanolic and ethereal) was tested on 3 phytopathogenic strains (Alternaria alternata, Alternaria solani and Fusarium sp.). The method of inhibition of mycelial growth on solid medium (PDA) in Petri dishes was used to study the activity of extracts of medicinal plants towards strains. 9 plants showed satisfactory activity for at least one type of extract on at least one of the fungal strains. However, the statistical evaluation concluded a lack of significant difference between the different extracts, and highly significant differences between different plants. Alchornea cordifolia is the only plant that has shown no efficacy on all fungal strains tested.

Background: Intra oral changes are seen in various therapeutic drug usage which can be mild to severe. Oral contraceptive pills (OCP) usage is one among them which causes frequent intra oral changes. Aim of the study was to assess knowledge, attitude, and oral health status of among women using OCP’s in Kalaburagi district, Karnataka, India. Methods: A self administered questionnaire was designed and given to women with different socioeconomic background to assess the knowledge, attitude and oral health status of the women using OCPs. Results: Results in the present study showed demographic characteristics of patient’s age ranging from 18 year to 41 years. Participants revealed various side effects of OCP which accounts 41% of general side effects and 47 % of oral complications. Common oral complications noticed by Participants had experienced bleeding gums, swollen gums and sometimes both with accounted to 23, 9, 17% respectively. Conclusion: Questionnaire studies designed with clinical examination of oral cavity are required to assess the oral health status, to create awareness and knowledge regarding oral hygiene.

The aim of this study is to determine what factors make banking companies doing earnings management in Indonesia. Based on previous research, we identify some factors can make the company doing earnings management such as tax avoidance, leverage, company size and corporate governance components for example IO (Institutional Ownership), BOC (Board of commissioner), IC (independent commissioner). The research proved that the banking companies in Indonesia applies corporate governance to improve the quality of financial statement and avoid earnings management. These results also showed that tax avoidance, leverage, size company has no significant effect on earnings management.

Meditation produces various effects on human physiology, which are mediated via autonomic nervous system. Meditation is a simple and scientific technique to elicit physical and mental relaxation response, to change one’s attitude and transform life-style. Regular practice of it brings transformation in overall wellbeing of person. The cardiovascular morbidity is increasing in India in recent years. The present study was done to know the effect of meditation on heart rate and blood pressure in healthy volunteers above the age of 35 years. The cardiovascular status of the subjects was assessed clinically in terms of resting heart rate and blood pressure before the start of meditation practice and again after 4 months of practice of meditation. The results were compared and analysed.. From the study it was observed that significant reduction in the heart rate occurs in the subjects practicing meditation (P < 0.001). The systolic blood pressure was lowered to a highly significant level (P < 0.001). The diastolic blood pressure was reduced significantly (P < 0.001). This shows that the yoga provides significant improvement in ageing to reduce the morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases. Meditation provides significant improvements in physiological cardiovascular functions by tilting of autonomic balance from sympathetic in favour of parasympathetic.

The study investigated the relationship between achievement motivation, study habit and educational career of secondary school students in Rivers State, Nigeria. Four research questions and four corresponding null hypotheses guided the study. Correlational research design was adopted for the study. The population for the study consists of 18,240 SSII students in all senior public secondary schools in Rivers State. A sample of 1,200 SSII students was drawn through multistage sampling procedure using cluster and simple random sampling techniques. Three instruments titled “Achievement Motivation Scale” (AMS), “Study Habit Scale” (SHS) and Educational Career Scale” (ECS) were used for data collection. Face and Content validities of the instruments were ensured. The Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficients of (AMS), (SHS) and (ECS) were computed to be 0.79, 0.81 and 0.77 respectively. The data collected were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation for the research questions while probability values were used to test their corresponding hypotheses at 0.05 alpha level of significance. It was found that there is significant positive high relationship between achievement motivation, concentration during study, time management, organization of study task and educational career of secondary school students in Rivers State independently taken. It was recommended among others that; parents and guardians should always provide enough study materials such as textbooks and computers, that will enhance the study habit of their children/wards positively.

The study was conducted on Haryanvi 800 adults comprising of 400 males and 400 females. Measurements were taken using standard anthropometric instruments.i.e. varnier calliper and anthropometric rod. The purpose of study was to access the bizygomatic diameter and stature and to find out the correlation between them. The data were then analysed by statistical software. The mean bizygomatic diameter for male and female were 13.08 and 12.35 respectively. The mean stature was 168.71 in male and 155.18 in female. Both the measurements were more in males then females. The results showed a statistically significant correlation between bizygomatic diameter and stature in both sexes.

The objective of this study is twofold: first, determining methods for setting parameters which describe thyroid gland responses at the initial stages of a given iodine-131 metabolic radiotherapy, and second, predicting treatment outcome. Radioactivity measurements were taken on patients suffering from hyperthyroidism. Two physicochemical parameters were analyzed and studied: iodine-131 thyroidal uptake and effective half-life. We thus achieved a much higher rate of success with minimal reverse results. The effective half-life, combined with thyroidal uptake, led to better predictions of success or failure for a given treatment. These set procedures allowed us to describe beforehand thyroid gland responses to metabolic radiotherapy as compared to the conventional methods exacting periods of more than six months.

Polymerization methods of acrylic resins have considerable effect on physical and mechanical properties like release monomer and porosity. The aim of this study was to investigate the release of residual monomer and porosity for acrylic denture base materials processed by different polymerization methods (heat and pour cured). Ten specimens were fabricated for each test. For release monomer test the samples were analyzed using gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector and for porosity test it was calculated by measurement of the specimen weight before its immersion in water and 7 days following immersion in water. Student t- test was performed to study the differences between the mean ratio of release monomer and porosity in heat-cured and pour-cured acrylic resin. The statistical analysis indicated highly significant differences in the mean rate of release monomer and porosity between pour-cured and heat-cured acrylic resin (P<0.001). As a conclusion, pour-cured acrylic processing method was significantly higher than heat-cured one in both residual monomer content and porosity.

Annex torsion is a true surgical emergency, it is a rare pathology, secondary to the total or partial rotation of the appendix around its vascular axis, which can lead to hemorrhagic necrosis of the ovary. Its frequency is estimated at 1/5 000 pregnancies. It can occur during the entire pregnancy, although the increase in the size of the uterus in the 2nd-3rd trimester reduces the mobility of the appendix. Its clinical signs are usually acute and sudden pain, nausea and vomiting secondary to peritoneal irritation and the existence of an adnexal mass. Ultrasound is the paraclinical reference examination, it allows to visualize an annexial pathology that can be at the origin of the torsion and look for the indirect signs of ischemia. The treatment of appendix torsions during pregnancy can be done by laparoscopy, while respecting the safety instructions in relation to the pregnant uterus, laparotomy remains the most evaluated surgical technique. The treatment must be conservative if the recovery of the appendage after untwisting allows it. Only an ipsilateral recurrence can make discuss prevention by an annexed pexy

A blood pressure has caused a lot adverse effect to the body and as a whole society if it remains untreated. Hypertensive state causes increase in left ventricular diameter as well as mass. These two conditions can be also called as LV hypertrophy. Method: 60 male individuals aged from 35 to 45 years enrolled in the study from Dhiraj general hospital after getting ethical approval. Their general examination and history was taken after that blood pressure was recorded. Participants were divided in 4 groups based on JNC guideline. 2 D echocardiography was performed and Left ventricular mass (LVM) recorded. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was calculated after getting body surface area (BSA). Result: Blood pressure changes show marked variation in Left ventricular mass as well as Left ventricular mass index. Pre hypertensive and hypertensive stage 1 and stage 2 shows marked rise in LVM in comparison with normotensive individuals. Blood pressure is positively correlated with left ventricular mass and also with ventricular mass index. Out of all 4 groups Prehypertensive stage shows more risk for LVM and LVMI. Conclusion: There is multifold rise in LVM and LVMI when blood pressure increased from normal range. The left ventricular hypertrophy has one independent factor above other confounding factors.

Phosphoric acid etching is the gold standard method of enamel preparation before application of bonding resins for orthodontic brackets. With the recent introduction of erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser in dentistry for the ablation of hard tissues, including enamel and dentin, laser enamel preparation has been proposed as an alternative to phosphoric acid etching. Hence this study was conducted to evaluate the shear bond strength of bracket bonded to teeth etched by Acid, Er:YAG laser. The aim of the study is to “Compare the bond strengths of orthodontic bracket etched by acid, Er: YAG laser, and combined treatment on the enamel surface.” The objective of the study was to investigate methods that could obtain the maximal bond strength and to analyze the fracture mode of each method

This study represents correlation of five needle aspiration cytology with histopathology at the cytology department of khanpur Kalan Medical college during 3 year period only the cases where subsequent histology diagnosis was available were analyzed. All the aspirations were performed by the pathologists. Out of the total of the 89 cases cytological diagnosis was malignant in 35 cases (39.32%). Two cases were false negative. There were no false positive case in the study. A sensitivity Rate of 94.5% and specificity of rate 100% was obtained for malignancy. Positive and negative predictive value for the diagnosis of malignancy was 100% and 94.7% respectively. accuracy of the test was 97.26%. FNA specific diagnosis showed an overall agreement of 98.5% for malignant lesions. All these result compare favorably with the best reported in literature. All these factors help the clinicians in the management of malignant breast lesions.