Friction is the vital aspect of Orthodontics which requires attention during all the phases of treatment, especially during the phase of space closure. In Orthodontics, space closure can be achieved by the sliding mechanics and/or the segmented arch mechanics. Though sliding mechanics is the most commonly used space closure mechanics, it has the disadvantage of generating the friction at the bracket-archwire interface which indirectly affects the desired tooth movement. Due to the universal acceptance of this type of mechanics, the role of friction in orthodontics has become the topic of interest. Thus, this article enlightens the role of friction in orthodontic tooth movement, with an approach to its clinical implication, the importance of frictional resistance, and the recent advances in orthodontics to reduce the friction.

Uterine fibroids, also known as uterine leiomyomas or fibroids, are benign smooth muscle tumors of the uterus. Most women have no symptoms while others may have painful or heavy periods. If large enough, they may push on the bladder causing a frequent need to urinate. Dermatoglyphics is referred to as study of the friction ridge formation that appears on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. There have been works done by different researchers on dermatoglyphics in the field of medicine which has helped in the detection of diseases like breast cancer, anemia etc. But not much has been done at level 2 dermatoglyphics which has created a gap in literatures on those areas especially uterine leiomyoma. This study was aimed at determining the level 2 dermatoglyphic digital patterns in Uterine Leiomyoma. The study was non-experimental and analytical. One hundred subjects selected by simple random sampling. Chi-square test was done using SPSS twenty version. The result of the study has shown clearly that the most distributed level-2 pattern in both categories is the bifurcation and ridge crossing the least distributed pattern in both categories. In uterine leiomyoma the distribution of bifurcation was higher than in the control group. The higher distribution of bifurcations in the uterine leiomyoma could be attributed to the genetic difference in both categories. The difference between the uterine leiomyoma subjects and the control subjects (normal) was not significant statistically (p>0.05) in there pattern distribution, but there was a marked difference that can be used as a guide in the diagnosis of uterine leiomyoma condition

The underlying research problem was the outcome of a crucial need to estimate the scenario of women participation in the agricultural labor force in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. It is an established fact that agriculture is the backbone of the economy of Pakistan and the rural women take part in the agricultural activities with zeal and zest as the male to female ratio is slightly higher in Pakistan according to the census of 2018. There are numerous factors which affect the female participation in the agricultural labor force. Hence, this study was an effort to identify such factors and quantify their effect on female labor force participation decisions in the rural areas of the Punjab Province, Pakistan. Cross Sectional data of 1800 women for the years 2001-02 and 2010-11 were extensively used which was collected by Household Integrated Economic Survey (HIES). The identified influencing factors were: Age, educational level, household size, monthly income, and the status of women. The analysis of the logit model showed a positive relationship between female age, educational level, household size, household monthly income, and female as the household head, on the female labor force participation (FLFP) decisions in the agricultural activities. Negative relationship of FLFP was found with married women and the infants (under 5 years) in the household for the year 2001-02. The status of women as daughter, daughter-in-law and others (cousin, aunt etc.) were negatively influencing the FLFP decisions. But for the year 2010-11, the presence of the infants in the household, age, educational level, household size, household monthly income was positively related to FLFP. The status of women in the household as the household head, daughter, daughter-in-law and others (cousin, aunt etc.) were also positively influencing the FLFP decisions in rural areas of the Punjab Province of Pakistan. The findings of this present research study suggest that in focusing on the factors that encourage women to participate in agricultural labor force of Pakistan, an economic revolution can be brought in all the socio-economic spheres along with the emancipation of the suppressed women in the other provinces of Pakistan such as Sindh and Baluchistan where though women participate in the labor force but their participation still is not recognized by the dominated male community.

The practice of defensive medicine (DM) including requesting unnecessary tests, procedures and treatments or avoiding risk taking is increasing worldwide. There is no data from the Arab world and Bahrain. It is vital to identify the drivers behind this growing practice in an attempt to combat it. In our study we aimed to estimate the practice of defensive medicine in primary care in the kingdom of Bahrain and to study the factors associated with it. We conducted a cross-sectional study between the months of March and June 2016 in all governmental health centers in the kingdom of Bahrain. Study participants were all the primary care doctors practicing clinically in those local health centers. A total of 247 physicians out of 285 (86.7%) completed the survey. Nearly all (86.6%) reported practicing defensive medicine. Taking more detailed history note taking (66.4%, 95% CI 60.5 -72.3) and ordering unnecessary tests than indicated 60.0%, 95% CI (54 -66.0) and avoiding risky procedures 59.0% (95% CI 53.0 -65.2), were there most common forms of DM practiced. Patient pressure, relief of anxiety and fear of legal claim, 86.4%, 65.0% and 62.0% respectively were the most common reasons given for the practice of DM. Significantly, physicians with more years of experience were less likely to practice DM and more likely to practice with extra hour of work per week (p< 0.05). We concluded that the practice of Defensive medicine is highly common among practicing primary care physicians in the Kingdom of Bahrain

The Communication industry in Nigeria was thrown into the Quality of Service challenges as a result of rapid growth of mobile users with their increases in the demand for mobile communication application services. Most often in this country, the outages are high which leads to total network failures, block calls, drop calls. All these are as a result of poor signal strength at the receiving end. This research was aimed at minimizing outage probability in mobile network using beamforming adaptive antenna array system. To achieve this goal, the number of outages was measured at a specified period. A beamforming antenna was designed so as to enhance signal reception. An LMS algorithm was developed for the antenna for signal tracking and acquisition. A model for minimizing the outage probability in the network using adaptive beamforming antenna was then developed and simulated in MATLAB Environment. Results obtained showed that the outage probability is lower with adaptive beamforming antenna and also the BER curve was better with beamforming technique.

Wheezing happens when the airways are tightened, blocked or inflamed making a person's breathing sounds like whistling or squeaking. A study was conducted to identify the most probable risk factors for pediatrics bronchospasm. Hence, a total of 205 patients, aged below 6 years, from inpatient admissions at Al-Zahraa Teaching Hospital, were enrolled. All children who presented with attacks of bronchospasm were clinically evaluated. It was found that 34.14% of the study group had a history of wheeze. Male patients and those of urban origin were more affected, (67.14%) and (74.29%), respectively. Wheeze was associated with prematurity, low birth weight and family history of asthma. There was an association of wheeze in first degree relatives (87.1% versus 32.2%) including children of those with asthma (64.3% versus 30.6%). Environmental factors and parental smoking showed clear difference from 50% to 12.8% respectively. Furthermore, overcrowding, atopy, persistent nasal snuffle, were all associated with wheeze. History of recurrent chest infection was found to be higher in those who had parental history of asthma (85.7% versus 39.8%). In conclusin, Family history and sblings asthma, parental smoking, atopy, overcrowding was risk factors of wheeze further studies are highly suggeste for further assessment

This study aims to determine the effect of government spending on education, health, and minimum wages on the Five Human Development Index in Southern Sumatra Province. The analytical tool used is panel data with the study period of 2007 to 2016 in five southern Sumatra Provinces namely Jambi, South Sumatra, Bengkulu, Lampung and Bangka Belitung. The results show that minimum wages are the most dominant variable and have a significant effect on the HDI. Whereas the other two variables, namely government spending in education and health do not significantly affect the HDI. Overall the HDI average is not much different and there is no discrepancy between provinces in Southern Sumatra from the range of 68 percent to 70 percent. However, of the five provinces in Southern Sumatra, there are two provinces with higher HDI figures than the others, namely Jambi Province and Bangka Belitung Province.

Graphene, a carbon, displays unique 2-D structures with preternatural physical, chemical and electronics properties that necessitated its applications in different fields of engineering systems. Among these applications, bioelectronics application of graphene has attracted an increasing interest over the last years. The advantages conferred by the physical, optical and electrochemical properties of graphene-based nanomaterial have contributed to the current variety of ultra-sensitive and selective biosensor and sensors devices, Nano electronics, super-capacitors, solar cells, batteries, flexible displays, hydrogen storage in electronics. This paper provides a review on graphene variant properties and their applications especially in bioelectronics

Several heterogeneity factors such as government policies on foreign trade, growth rate of economy, market size and cost of labour in emerging economies motivated this study. However, bulk of recent empirical cross country studies on FDI and economic growth in emerging countries have shown mixed results. Therefore, this study employs OLS technique to examine a comparative analysis of performance of FDI inflows in BRICS economies alongside with Singapore and Hong Kong in the last 27 years. Consequently, the findings from this analysis show that the principal determinant of FDI inflows in China is large market size, growth rate and GDP per capita growth. Meanwhile, only the market size is the principal determinant of FDI inflows in Brazil, India, South Africa, Singapore and Hong Kong and GDP per capita growth is an insignificant determinant of FDI inflows in both Russia and South Africa. This paper hereby recommends based on its findings that: the policy makers in Brazil, India, Russia Federation, South Africa, Singapore and Hong Kong should embark on policy measures that will facilitate a rapid expansion of the country`s market size. This in turn will have a positive multiplier effects on the growth rate and GDP per capita growth in their economies. However, policy makers in China should embark on policy measure that will ensure the sustainability of the market size of the economy.

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of lifestyle and price perceptions on purchasing decisions or guest decisions to stay at a hotel. The population is guests staying at the Patra Jasa Semarang Convention Hotel, with a sample of 98 respondents. The sampling technique in this study uses purposive sampling sampling method. The analytical tool of this study uses multiple linear regression where previously tested its validity and reliability. Test results show that lifestyle is proven to influence guest decisions in defense, and price perception has a positive influence on the decision to stay

In the past two decades, sustainability has been a significant concern when planning cities. As a consequence of development occurring in cities, its essence to people is discounted. An example of this is Doha, Qatar‟s capital, which has undergone massive urban developments because of the post-WWII discovery and production of oil and gas. Doha‟s urban fabric has been transformed from a rational, people-based, and environmentally adapted design into zoning and transportation dependent planning. However, in the past few years, Doha has started to adopt sustainability-driven urban planning policies. For example, development of the new city Lusail has legislation and design regulations directed towards sustainable planning. Therefore, this research study is focused on the urban planning of a neighbourhood in Al Wakra, Qatar. The focus is on its relationship to the old city layout and the possible implementation of sustainability principles in present-day development in the area. The study also develops strategies and design that utilize sustainability principles. The study process includes a literature review, data collection, detailed site analysis, and exploration of present and historic plans for Al Wakra. Additionally, various alternatives that follow specific strategies are generated to identify a desirable approach for the neighbourhood. Furthermore, the strategies highlight actions needed to implement the development concept. As a result, the study generates an ideal approach for the further development of Al Wakra. Furthermore, the findings can act as a reference for similar developments with a comparable climate, surroundings, environment, size, and population.

Phyllanthus muellerianus is a large genus of the Euphobiaceae, is popularly known as ‘nvo nkwo’in Oghe traditional medicine. This species is used in the folk medicine for the treatment of sexually transmitted desieases. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify and spectroscopic characterize of sample GH3 from leaves of P. muellerianus. Sample GH3 from leaves of P. muellerianus was analyzed for their absorption, functional groups (CH, H, OH and NH) and 1H NMR resonance peaks (7.2 ppm and 6.7 ppm), resulting in the identification of benzopyran’s groups, suggesting 2H-1-benzopyran (chromene). The identification of benzopyran’s groups is here reported for the first time in P. muellerianus.

EDTA-dependent pseudothrombocytopenia (PTCP) is the phenomenon of a low platelet count due to EDTA-induced aggregation of platelets. Since the failure to recognize EDTA-dependent PTCP may result in incorrect diagnosis and inappropriate treatment, the recognition of this phenomenon is very important in managing the patient and giving correct treatment. We here by discuss about a case of, A 21 year old male admitted for fever for evaluation showed severe thrombocytopenia by automated 5 part Mindray analyser. Manual count and peripheral smear done revealed higher count and small platelet aggregates. Following which citrated sample was collected and manual counting done both showed similar values, low count in singles without aggregation when compared to EDTA sample. EDTA induced platelet aggregation was thus conformed.

The study on business ethics practices in organization: A key to sustainable development in selected banks in south east Nigeria was motivated by the need to provide solutions to the problem of sustainability and business ethics practices in organization: key to sustainable development in banking industry in south east Nigeria. The study set out to accomplish the two specific objectives from which appropriate research question and hypothesis were postulated. The study adopted survey design. The population of the study was staff of selected banking industries in Abia state, Anambra state, Ebonyi state, Enugu state and Imo state in South East Nigeria. A sample size of 337 staff was determine from the total population of 2148 population using Taro Yamani sampling technique. The hypothesis were tested using regression analysis with the aid of statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20. The major findings of the study were that ethical value has a significant positive effect on sustainable development of an organisation. There was a significant positive relation between customer loyalty and sustainability of an organization. The study recommended that the top management should invest in human capital in the area of modern banking system and that because of globalization on the job training has to gain way to out sourcing for best practices in global banking industry

Sacrum is a triangular bone formed by fusion of five sacral vertebrae. It is wedged between two hip bones. Its base articulates with 5th lumbar vertebra and apex with coccyx. Complete agenesis of the dorsal wall of sacrum was observed during one routine osteology tutorial. The same is presented. The sacral canal was completely open posteriorly due to non fusion of the laminae from S1 to S5. The sacral canal is formed by sacral vertebral foramina. The anterior wall of the canal is formed by fusion of the sacral vertebral bodies. The fused laminae, spines and ossified ligamenta flava form the dorsal wall. The sacral canal is triangular in cross section and contains cauda equina, filum terminale and spinal meninges. Duramater and arachnoid mater end at middle of sacrum (generally at the level of S2) while filum terminale is continuation of piamater till coccyx. Knowledge of variations in the dorsal wall of sacrum due to congenital factors is essential for anesthesiologists, surgeons and physicians to treat the related disorders. Study of the variation in anatomical features of sacral hiatus and dorsal wall of sacral canal is important with regards to its clinical application in caudal epidural anesthesia. Sacral approach to epidural space is reliable and effective means of blocking sacral nerves.