Contrastive analysis (CA) is a sub-discipline of linguistics dealt with comparison of two or more languages; it permits to detect the similarities and differences between them. This study aimed at contrasting the order of attributive adjectives in English, an Indo-European language and Sereer Siin, a Negro African language spoken in Senegal in the area of Fatick. The study involved 25 male students who were Sereer speakers and learners of English as a second language at the English department of Cheikh Anta Diop University. A test of 112 items in both languages was given to them. It was composed of 56 in English and 56 in Sereer. These students were asked to order correctly in a sentence two attributive adjectives in each language. However, the results revealed that in both languages there were more differences than similarities. However, the identical features of both languages are the fact that : adjectives of size precede adjectives of shape and of age, adjectives of color are placed before adjectives of Origin/nationality and of purpose; and adjectives of material are positioned before adjectives of purpose. There is an exception with ŋas which is the only adjective of age that should be placed after adjectives of size. Thus, this paper will enable to promote and develop the Sereer language and culture around the world. It will definitely be an invaluable resource for English speakers who are interested in the functioning of the order of attributive adjectives in Sereer Siin.

In this study, a solid state processing tool for microstructure modification and material properties enhancement; friction stir processing (FSP) was applied on the surface of as-cast Al-Si-Cu-Ni aluminium alloy. Samples were subjected to FSP using fixed tool rotation speed 1400 rpm and traverse speed 42 mm/min, with tool angle tilted 3˚.The influence of the FSP on the microstructure and tensile properties of the cast AlSi-Cu-Ni alloy samples were studied. Microstructural evolution of the samples was investigated using optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), tensile test carried out at 1 mm/min cross-head speed. The results showed that FSP improved the tensile strength of the samples by decreasing particles size and porosity. FSP improved the alloy strength by about 54%.

This paper is aimed at analyzing the female names among the Tugen community a Kalenjin sub-tribe in Baringo County, Kenya, East Africa. While proper names are given to people, geographical features, places and some settlements, I will restrict this paper discussion to the names applied to females only. I have divided this paper into the following main sections; a brief description of Tugen sub-tribe, Naming customs, the traditional naming ceremonies, female names and their meaning, elements of Tugen female names and conclusion. This study was based and guided by Semiotic theory. To help deal with the topic, the following questions were asked; Who are the Tugen-Sub tribe? What were the traditions which accompanied naming? What dictated their names? Which female name categories existed? What were the meanings of female names? What were the elements which formed female names? The answers to the questions were the basis of this paper.

Supervisory practice has evolved since its origins in colonial times, and its effectiveness as a means of improving instruction depends on the ability of educational leaders to remain responsive to the needs of teachers and students. An educational leader’s resolve to remain adaptable also depends on an appreciation of the changing and evolving nature of supervision, especially in the new millennium. An educational leader who understands the history of supervision and how current demands are influenced by that history will be better able to confront the technological, social, political, and moral issues of the day. Educational leaders also will have to develop the requisite knowledge, skills, and dispositions that are the foundation for effective supervisory practice. This chapter explicates how supervision has evolved to its current state, how you might respond to ever-increasing supervisory needs and demands, and how your beliefs and attitudes affect how you react to daily challenges.

There are 2.6 million vulnerable children in Kenya. In the past, vulnerable children were taken care of by their kin, through informal arrangements. Today, a good number of vulnerable children are forced to find shelter in institutions such as children’s homes while others are forced to live in the streets. In 2014, the government of Kenya introduced the concept of alternative family care (AFC) with the view of replacing institutional care in addressing the problem of vulnerable children. Various AFC arrangements were introduced including adoption, foster care, guardianship, and kinship care. The purpose of the proposed study was to examine the influence of family structure on the choice of AFC arrangement offered to vulnerable children in Nakuru East Sub-County. The study was guided by Bowlby’s Attachment Theory. It utilized the descriptive survey design where data was collected through the use of questionnaires. The questionnaires contained both open-ended and close-ended questions. The target population comprised of 244 caregivers who were involved in some form of AFC in the 2016/17 financial year within the study area. The population was stratified in terms of the AFC arrangement in which the subjects were involved (adoption, foster care, guardianship, or kinship). From this population, a sample of 123 participants was selected using the proportionate stratified sampling method and 102 were able to complete the study. Data was analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Findings revealed that family structure particularly family type, family size, and family relationships have a statistically significant influence on choice of AFC. The study recommends that the government and other stakeholders should increase finance and other forms of support to caregivers in kinship care as findings show that the majority these caregivers have large family. Stakeholders should also raise awareness regarding the other form of AFC especially adoption, foster care and guardianship as there is the misconception that these AFC arrangements are for individuals who do not have biological children.

Middle level managers play a very vital role in employee talent development in institutions of higher learning since they man a large population of employees at this level. Talent development seems to be the key theme driving the educational institutions. The study sought to investigate the influence of leadership styles of middle level managers on employee talent development at Rongo University. Descriptive research design was used for the study because it allowed for the statistical analysis of data to describe the trends about responses to questions and to test research questions. The study targeted 10 senior management level staff, 8 Deans, 30 middle level managers of departments and sections, 80 middle level employees, 100 low level management employees. Simple random sampling was used on middle and low level employees from different sections and departments.10 senior management level staff, 8 Deans, 30 middle level managers of departments was sampled using purposive sampling method. Reliability was ensured through test-retest which yielded 0.78 Cronbach‟s alpha. To ensure content validity, the questionnaire is to be given to the experts and researchers of Rongo University who examined the items critically and pass on their comments to the researcher. Statistical techniques of averages and percentages with the aid of Computer Statistical Software for Social Sciences to yield descriptive results. The findings revealed that 63% of the respondents observed that stakeholders were involved in talent development in Rongo University while 37 % indicated that stakeholders were not involved. The study concluded that leadership styles of middle level managers influence employee talent development in Rongo University since effective leadership style is seen as a potent source of management development and sustained competitive advantage. The study recommended that the middle level managers in Rongo University should be trained on talent management and leadership style to apply in management of employees talents. The study adhered to ethical considerations.

Abstract: The aim of this investigation is to characterize the Phyllanthus muellerianus plant dye used as a colour source in painting walls and craft works for ages in Oghe, Ezeagu Local Government Area of Enugu State. Spectroscopic (UV-Vis, FT-IR and 1H NMR) techniques were employed to characterize P. muellerianus dye. UV-Vis absorption spectrum shows peaks at 313 nm and 482 nm being attributes of anthocyanine. According to FT-IR and 1H NMR investigations the tested sample have cyaniding glycoside and peonidin glycoside.

If societies are indeed different, it is not unreasonable to reaffirm the argument advanced in that theories and principles of instructional supervision are not necessarily universal. In consequence, there is need to construct instructional supervisory strategies and educational goals that are appropriate to the nature and operation of educational organisations in developing countries. Supervision of instruction in developing countries exists in different contexts from developed countries. It is therefore incumbent to understand the various contexts that instructional supervisors carry out their tasks. This paper looks at some of the contextual realities of instructional supervision in prismatic societies.

With the implementation of the new curriculum reform and the wide application of teaching technologies in China, the teaching model of the non-English major students’ English as foreign language teaching has also undergone great changes. Constructivism emphasizes student-centered, autonomous and cooperative learning, which offers a solid theoretical foundation for the autonomous learning in the non-English major students’ teaching process. Therefore, based on the constructivism theory, the article attempts to explore strategies to cultivate the autonomous learning ability of non-English major students. With the application of teaching strategy of cooperative learning, situational teaching and task-driven teaching, the students can more actively participate in the classroom activities and their learning enthusiasm can be stimulated.

The study objective was to establish financial challenges of nongovernmental organisations’ in promotion of quality education in Musoma District, Tanzania. Despite the efforts put by non-governmental organizations in promoting quality education in the country, there are several challenges that are encountered by NGOs which hinder their support in promoting quality education. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The target population was 19 NGO Leaders, 111 Head Teachers, the DEO, 111VEOs and DCSQAO, totalling to 243. The NGO officials, DEOs, DCSQAs, and were purposively selected because they were few. A 30 percent simple random sample was used to get33 Head Teachers and 33 VEOs .Data was collected through questionnaires and interview schedules.To ensure face and content validity of the research instruments, 2 experts in the department of Educational Administration Planning and Economics of Kisii University were requested to scrutinize the research instruments so as to validate them. Reliability of the instruments was addressed through piloting in 5 schools and reliability coefficients were obtained by subjecting the instruments to a Split-half Technique and Spearman ―Brown Prophesy formula‖. The co-efficient of reliability obtained was 0.721 which indicated that the instruments were reliable.Data was analysed qualitatively and SPSS programme was used. The findings of the study reveal that the majority (87) 88.6 percent of all respondents said that training on financial matters in the schools was done quarterly. It was recommended that the government to work closely with NGOs to provide quality education. Informed consent of the respondents were ensured and confidentiality adhered to.

Abstract: Obstetrics patients may require intensive care at any time unpredictably. The most common causes of morbidity and mortality in these patients are anaemia, hemorrhage, hypertension, pre eclampsia, eclampsia, septicemia and their complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence, occurrence, indications, course of ICU stay, interventions required and the outcome of those obstetric patients admitted in the ICU. It was a hospital based, retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care medical college in Haryana, in North India over a period of 2 years – from January 2015 to January 2017. Out of a total deliveries of 7150, 165 patients required ICU admission and care (2.30 %). Most admissions were in the post partum period – 95(57.57 %), followed by antepartum period – 70 (42.43 %). Most common indications for ICU admission were obstetric hemorrhage – 50 (%), eclampsia -17(%), pre eclampsia- 8 (%), septicemic shock – 23 (%), HELLP syndrome – 16 (%), DIC- 10 (%), cerebral malaria-10 (%), dengue-7 (%), hepatic encephalopathy-5(%). The most common interventions warranted were artificial ventilation-139 (84.24 %), transfusion of blood & blood products-140 (84.84 %), surgical exploratory laparotomy – 35 (21.21 %) and there were 15 maternal deaths (9.09 %).

The purpose of this study was study was to examine teachers’ attitude towards open performance appraisal on pupils’ academic achievement. A quantitative and qualitative research survey design was adopted. The target population involved all primary school teachers, school quality assurers’, Human Resource Officer and District Education Officer, totaling to 1213. Random sampling technique was used to obtain 328 teachers and 33 head teachers, that is, 30% of the population, while the District Education Officer and Human Resource Officer and School Quality Assurance officers were purposively selected because they are few and the only existing ones. This study used semi structured interviews, questionnaires and documentary analysis for data collection. Qualitative data obtained was analyzed descriptively while SPSS software version 23 was used to analyze quantitative data. To ensure face and content validity of research instruments, two experts in the department of Education Administration Planning and Economics of Kisii University scrutinized the research instruments and validated them. A pilot study was conducted for reliability reasons. Anonymity, confidentiality, privacy and informed consent of the respondents were ensured. Findings of this study revealed that 65.52% of head teachers believed that teacher attitudes influences pupils’ academic success while 34.48% disagreed. It was concluded that positive attitude was key to pupils’ success. The study recommended that teachers and head teachers should be involved in setting goals and objectives of the performance appraisal process, The study adhered to the ethical consideration accordingly.

Abstract: Schwannoma is a tumor developed at the expense of Schwann cells. It is a very rare tumor both by its frequency and its retroperitoneal location. Varied presentation and difficult preoperative diagnosis. Although the vast majority of schwannomas are benign, there are malignant forms frequently associated with Von Recklinghausen's syndrome. Its diagnosis is histological and its surgical treatment consists of a complete excision of the mass due to a tumor degenerative risk. We report a case of a 59-year-old patient, followed for chronic pelvic pain associated with digestive signs, ultrasonography and scanner showed a pelvic retroperitoneal mass of 8x6 cm long axis. Exeresis was performed by laparotomy. The histological and immunological study concluded to a benign schwannoma. The clinical and paraclinical evolution over 5 years did not show local or distant recurrence. Through a review of the literature we recall the frequency, diagnosis, imaging data, treatment and evolution of this rare tumor.

Globalization today is at a dangerous crossroads. Although many alleged it has provided enormous benefits, but the systemic risks and growing inequality it causes necessitate urgent action. The myth of a borderless world is crashing down. Traditional pillars of open markets; the United Kingdom and United States are wobbling. This is evident in the Brexit vote which stunned European Union and the world at large, couple with the recent policies of the American government towards its fellow western allies and immigrants. Many people are beginning to feel so troubled about our economic future. The failure to arrest these global developments is likely to lead to growing nationalist policies, protectionism and xenophobia, which the world is already witnessing. Globalization has created growth, no doubt. But what kind of growth? And for who? This crisis posed by globalization has forced many to question the motive behind this phenomenon. Could this be renewed imperialism? This paper adopts rational and analytic methods in exposing this argument.

Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is an uncommon skeletal disorder in which normal bone is replaced by abnormal fibro osseous tissue. Mainly, Fibrous Dysplasia is found in children, and by adulthood it usually becomes quiescent. Our case showed Fibrous dysplasia of 9-year-old female child with port wine stain on the right side of mid face since birth. Our evaluation was that growth in childhood had achieved the progressive stage. We presented all radiographic and clinical images of this case that emphasized the diagnosis of the disease.