As the diplomatic organ of China, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China regularly holds press conferences, in which the spokesperson’s remarks are important tools for expressing Chinese positions, dealing with foreign affairs and maintaining Sino-foreign relations. This paper analyzes the spokesperson’s remarks from the perspective of relevanceadaptation theory to explore the essential process of spokesperson’s discourse production and interpretation with specific examples. The results are based on the corpus of spokesperson’s remarks from January to December, 2017. This paper attempts to shed some lights on comprehensively interpreting the spokesperson’s remarks at the lexical level

This paper conducts a comparative analysis of legal positivism and natural law legal theories. In accomplishing this, the researcher explores fundamental legal theories such as H.L.A. Hart’s Legal Positivism, Hans Kelsen’s Pure Theory of Law, John Finnis’ Natural Law Theory, and Lon Fuller’s Natural Law Theory. The researcher explores consistencies of the legal theories with the biblical perspective of law, as well as inconsistencies of the legal theories with the biblical perspective of law. The researcher also comments on the application of the legal theories to the analysis of current legal issues.

The gap between knowledge and application has long been a widely-discussed topic in Taiwan, and finding solutions thus remains critical in the academic field. With the educational experiment on the upswing, integrating internships into regular college courses has demonstrated itself to be an effective way of closing that gap. With 37 participants taking an internship course called Bilingual Education in a local university in Taiwan, this empirical study covered a 20-week class experiments under the monitoring of action research in 2017. Surveys are administered to elicit the information about the relationships between the implementation of the internship management platform and the students’ reactions. The result shows that 3 out of the 5 paths calculated by the statistic tool are significant (*** 0.001). Students’ self-concept toward the subject, the implementation of the internship management platform, and internship outcome positively affect each other, but students’ English learning emotions, self-concept toward the subject, and internship outcome do not significantly affect each other. It suggests that the internship management platform plays an essential role in promoting students’ self-concept toward the subject and internship outcome. This study provides a new perspective on how college internships can be used as highly credible indicators of student’s learning outcome.

The teaching profession has one of the highest numbers of workforce grappling with heavy workload. Excessive lecturers‟ workload causes adverse effects to both employer and employee. Lecturers are assigned lectures in multiple independent universities and there is no platform to foster inter-university communication regarding the shared lecturers‟ employment state, tenure and lecturing obligations. Kenya‟s Commission for University Education has guidelines set to limit the maximum lecturer workload and yet there is no way in which Commission for University Education monitors and regulates inter-institution lecturers‟ teaching workload. There is the need to employ technology to address this problem. Hence this study examined quantitative factors used in evaluation of a lecturers‟ teaching workload. A critical survey of previous studies and current technologies associated with lecturers‟ workload management helped establish the technological gaps to be filled by a web-based model for monitoring inter-institution lecturer‟s teaching workload in institutions of higher learning. The methodology adopted by this research is the triangulation methodology while a proof of concept methodology was applied to develop and test the model. The research questions were answered through engaging industry experts in a validation exercise. The model‟s properties validated included confidentiality, integrity, availability, user interface and viability. During focus groups, the model‟s confidentiality attribute received the lowest rating of the five evaluated attributes. Participants acknowledged the need to monitor lecturers‟ workload to help in policy formulation and ultimately improve lecturers‟ competency. Management, human and technical challenges are anticipated during the adoption phase of the model. Feedback received from part of the participants also indicated that the model would be an efficient tool in safeguarding lecturers against burnout arising from heavy workload.

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has morbidity due to bile duct injuries about 0.3% to 0.5% [1]. The main technique used for gallbladder dissection is infundibulum technique. Critical view of safety method is identification of the cystic duct and cystic artery during laparoscopic cholecystectomy and it is used to minimize risk of bile duct injury. Several studies confirm the routine use of critical view of safety technique eliminate the chance of bile duct injury. First introduced by Steven Strasberg 1992 [1]. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study compared the critical view of safety with infundibular technique regarding operative time, and bile duct injuries. We had 487 patients with critical view of safety and 534 with infundibular technique done at Misurata cancer center between January 2012 and December 2015. Indication of surgery were acute cholecystitis and biliary colic. All operations done by both young and experienced surgeons. Results: There were 1021 laparoscopic cholecystectomy, 483 with critical view of safety technique, 538 patients with infundibular technique. The mean operative time in critical view of safety is 57 minutes while in infundibulum technique is 43 minute. Risk of cystic duct stump leak in critical view of safety is 0.4%, while in infundibulum technique is 0.6%. The risk of major bile duct injuries in critical view of safety in our study is 0%, while in infundibulum technique is 0.4%. Conclusion: The risk of bile duct injuries is the main concern in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Critical view of safety technique in compared to infundibulum technique has a little increase in the operative time and less bile duct injuries

This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of Village Expenditure affected the poverty in the village government district of Sumatera Utara province. The population of the study was 81 village government of the District of Sumatera Utara province since 2014 - 2016. The samples were selected by using purposive sampling method with criteria that owned their data reporting of APBDes and stage of poverty by the village government by the District of Sumatera Utara Province consecutively for 3 years amounted to 81 districts. This research is descriptive quantitative by using simple regression test. The data were processed using SPSS 22. The results showed that the Village Expenditure was significantly positive in affection. The conclusion of the study is the Village Expenditure which part of village budget holds affection in eradicating the poverty in village government.

This study aims to determine the impact on the company from organizational restructuring, the policies for the development of facilities, and effective policies to be implemented. This type of research is a descriptive qualitative type that aims to describe the object in the research. The subject of this study was the vice president of Divre I as much as one-person, senior manager one person and four-person manager facilities. Data collection using observation, interview and documentation. Data analysis uses interactive qualitative models. The result of the research shows that the organizational restructuring of facilities at PT. Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) Divre I, North Sumatra is currently ineffective and inefficiencies. This case led to a lack of facilities in implementing work programs resulting from management, and past administrative settlement, as well as non-independent facilities in managing finance. Similarly, production and HR performance are umlowest. Policies undertook by Kadivre I, North Sumatera in connection with the development of facilities units include investment policy, HR policy, and budget policy. Policies related to the development of investment are to build or create reliable workshop facilities, which can produce a quality product. The most effective policies to be implemented in empowering human resources in the facility units by providing human resource development in well-programmable and well-functioning facility units, and for more proportional development of human resources

This complete enumeration, cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted at Rajiv Gandhi Medical College, Thane, Maharashtra State, India, to determine the frequency of visually stressful activities and associated symptoms among undergraduate medical students of either gender. After approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee, the purpose and procedure of the study was explained to participants and written informed consent was obtained. Primary data related to visually stressful activities, presence of refractive errors in the participants or their family members and associated self-reported symptoms were recorded on a proforma. The mean age for males (n=32; 52.46%) was 19.33  1.04 years (95% CI: 18.97 – 19.69 years), while that for females (n=29; 47.54%) was 18.74  0.73 years (95% CI: 18.48 – 19.01 years). The Smart phone was the predominantly used electronic display device and though the daily mean duration of use was higher for males, the gender differences were not significant. The results revealed a moderate prevalence of computer vision syndrome with no significant gender difference among the symptomatics, except for backache which was significantly (Z=2.465; p=0.013) self-reported by female participants. Since electronic display devices, such as, computers, laptops and Smart phones are universally used both at work and for recreation; users ought to be made aware of measures for prevention of computer vision syndrome.

Background: Stress is a negative emotional, cognitive, behavioral and physiological process occurs as individual adjusts with stressors. Stress-induced eating may be one of the factors that leads to obesity due to increased calorie intake, associated with excess cortisol secretion. Present study aimed to assess the level of perceived stress and its association with BMI in health professional beginners. The objectives were to assess the level of stress by pre-validated perceived stress scale and the relationship between stress and obesity in first year health professional students. Material and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, SBKS MI & RC, SVDU for consecutive two batches 2016-17 & 2017-18. Total 506 first year MBBS, BDS & BPT students were studied for age, gender and demographic parameters as weight, height & BMI. Stress was assessed by PSS-10 scale. Two groups were identified as their PSS score, stressed and non-stressed. Results: PSS score showed that among all participants 71.74% (N=363) students were stressed and 28.26% (N=143) students were non stressed. Out of 506 students 151 (approx 30%) students were having above normal BMI. BMI & PSS score showed significant association (X2, p <0.05). PSS score found to be significantly more when compared for overweight and obese categories than Normal and underweight. Conclusion: The significant association between stress level and increasing BMI shows that prompt measures should be taken to control obesity in young health professionals to control the stress and anxiety also to prevent the occurrence of life‑threatening diseases such as diabetes and hypertension.

Background: Water is an essential solvent and used daily by humans. Consumption of water contaminated with diesel has been shown to impact negatively on organs such as the brain, liver, spinal cord, kidney and others. The brain is a prime organ in the human body and responsible for general coordination and intelligence. Protecting the brain from harmful substances is necessary as this would mitigate neurodegenerative disorders which are obvious in our society. This study was carried out to determine the possible effects of diesel fuel on the histology of the brain of male albino wistar rate. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 rates were used to carry out this research. The animals were grouped in 2 groups; groups A (Control) and B. Group A was administered with good feed and clean water. Group B was administered with feed and water contaminated with diesel for varying periods of time ranging from 1 to 5 weeks. At the end of the given periods the brains were harvested and histopathological investigations for alteration in brain tissues was carried out using routine tissue processing methods and H and E staining methods. Results and Discussion: There was no histopathological alteration of brian tissues harvested from the control animals which were administered with clean water and uncontaminated feed. There was no alteration of brain tissues observed after week 2. The brain tissues harvested from animals whose feed and water were contaminated with diesel showed no histopathological changes when compared with that of the control (group A). A similar observation was made for weeks 3 through 5 for the animals in group B. Conclusion: There were no observed effects of diesel contaminated water on the histology of the brain tissues of male albino wistar rats which may be due to the active protecting effect of the blood-brain barrier

Introduction: Retained foreign bodies during surgery are considered as completely avoidable events. There is a large body of literature that has attempted to identify risk factors and create protocols to prevent the occurrence of the same. Dislodgement of orthodontic fixed appliance components [OFAC] can occur during orthognathic surgery on account of the excessive forces that they may be subjected to during the procedure. Case Report: A 19-year-old female patient underwent a bi-jaw orthognathic surgery for a hypoplastic maxilla. A routine post-operative radiograph displayed an orthodontic molar tube within the right mid ramal region on the 3rd post-operative day. The molar tube was retrieved under general anesthesia with the assistance of an intra-operative c-arm for accurate localization of the bracket. The patient recovered well after the procedure. Conclusion: A potential long-term complication [e.g. space infections] was avoided as the molar tube was identified in the immediate post-operative phase. Pre, intra and post-operative measures has been suggested to prevent such complications. Possible risk factors that may contribute to retained foreign bodies in the surgical site have also been briefly been identified

Cystatin C is a cysteine proteinase inhibitor belonging to type 2 cystatin superfamily produced endogenously. The main catabolic site of cystatin C is Kidneys. It has been shown that cystatin C is a better marker of kidney dysfunction compared to creatinine. We in the present study tried to evaluate the cystatin C and creatinine levels in normal and hypertensive subjects and correlate the cystatin C levels with blood pressure and kidney functions in this group of the population. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry and General Medicine, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Adilabad. A total of 105 patients were included in this study 56 patients were allotted to cystatin C group for estimation of cystatin C and 49 patients were allotted to creatinine group for estimation of creatinine levels. The results were arranged as quintile of cystatin C (Q1 – Q5) subgroups based on levels in cystatin C and similarly quintile of creatinine (Q1-Q5) in creatinine group. The coefficient of correlation ‘r' values was estimated for cystatin C and creatinine with SBP and DBP. Results: Cystatin C levels of all the 5 sub-groups (Q1- Q5) the strong positive correlation was shown for SBP by Q4 with ‘r' values +5.48 and Q5 with ‘r' values +6.43 and DBP has positive correlation only in Q5 group value +0.44. Similarly, in the creatinine sub-groups, a positive correlation between SBP and creatinine levels found in Q4 and Q5 groups. The SBP in Q4 was with ‘r' value +0.31 and Q5 was with +0.49 the values of DBP did not show a significant positive correlation with creatinine levels in all the groups. Conclusion: it can be concluded that cystatin C is a better marker of kidney functions and can be used to evaluate the blood pressure changes affecting the kidneys. However, the cystatin C test is costly and may not be feasible in low resource settings. In such cases, the continuance of the use of creatinine may be done for monitoring the kidney functions in hypertension.

There has been lack of consensus regarding growth effect of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on host communities. For this reason, current research efforts now focus investigation on the impact of FDI on the manufacturing sector, being the sector with potential for harnessing the benefits of foreign investment. As a result, this study examined the impact of FDI on manufacturing sector performance, and subsequently traced the effect of this on agricultural production. Solow augmented growth model served as base for analysis while Autoregressive Distributed lag (ARDL) model was utilized in estimation. Findings show no support for any significant relationship between FDI and manufacturing sector performance, but a strong positive correlation exists between manufacturing output and agricultural production. On the bases of this, the study concludes with a research agenda; future investigation on the subject should focus on links among domestic firms, manufacturing sector performance and agricultural production

The present study purpose is to examine the effect of interest, talent, work facilities, social environment and wage on the performance of P4TK employees in the building and electricity field in Medan. Research populations are employees of general functional, specialized functional, educational laboratories, and education personnel development. Sample selection by census method is sampling where all members of the population are samples totaling 66 employees. Data used are derived from primary data and secondary data. This research analyzes the influence of interest and talent, work facilities, social environment, wages on the performance of P4TK employees in the field of building and electricity. The research method uses multiple regression by controlling it from the classic assumption test. The results of this study have found that partially interest and talent, social environment, wages have no significant effect on employee performance while work facilities have a significant impact on employee performance. However, interest and talent, work facilities, social environment, wages have a significant effect on employee performance simultaneously. Among the five independent variables, work facilities have the most significant influence on employee performance

Introduction: Hurler syndrome is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism, resulting from deficiency of a-liduronidase, a catabolic mucopolysaccharidase, which leads to excessive systemic storage of the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) heparan sulphate and dermatan sulphate [1]. Affected children may appear normal at birth. However, progression of the disease results in characteristic facial changes, hepatosplenomegaly cardiomyopathy, major skeletal abnormalities and CNS damage, resulting in severe disability, intellectual regression and death, usually by the age of 10 years. We report the case of a 7-year-old girl who was consulting for a visual impairment with photophobia. The ophthalmologic examination showed corneal opacities associated with bilateral papilled edema with an eye tone of 18mmHG for the eye right and 19 mmHG for the left eye. The abdominal examination finds a protruding abdomen with a hepato splenomegaly. Cardiovascular examination with doppler echo objective thickening mitro-aortic and tricuspid valves. The diagnosis was evoked before facial dysmorphism and then confirmed biologically (MPStype I-H). A bilateral trabeculectomy was performed while waiting for a marrow allograft. The early diagnosis of MPS, before the formation of neurological deficits, has become essential, since the treatment can stop the evolution. Thus, a better knowledge of the clinical picture by ophthalmologists could improve the prognosis