This paper discusses the influence of social media on the academic performance of boys in secondary schools in Bungoma East and Webuye West Sub Counties, Kenya. The period 2011-2014 had shown the performance of secondary school boys in these study area to be lower than that of girls. Purposive sampling was used to select boys’ secondary schools in Bungoma East and Webuye West sub-counties while random sampling was used to get a sample of respondents from the boy’s schools. The study was informed by the social development theory by Lev Vygotsky. Primary data collection was done by use of questionnaires while document analysis was used to collect secondary data especially on the performance of students in the mid-year exams, 2016. The study used multiple linear regression to analyze the data; findings of which were presented in tables. The study results showed that social media has a significant influence on the academic performance of secondary school boys in Bungoma East and Webuye West Sub Counties. This paper thus concludes that secondary school boys’ exposure to social media in is high and, consequently, negatively affects their academic performance.

Dentinogenesis imperfecta is an autosomal dominant disorder of tooth development charecterized by the presence of opalescent dentin, resulting in a dusky blue to brownish discoloration of the teeth. This condition is genetically and clinically heterogeneous. Both deciduous and permanent dentitions are affected. This report describes a case of 19 year old female patient with characteristic dental features of dentinogenesis imperfecta type II

The state has employed polices that is meant to encourage the identification and conversion of credits between universities both domestically and abroad. This is an initiative to integrate Chinese domestic universities with world-class universities abroad. Through conducting the research and sorting out the credit transfer system of top universities in both China and abroad, we found that there is still a long way to go before this policy is fully developed. We also found problems in the existing credit transfer system, and therefore, we proposed several mythologies to optimize the credit transfer system. Educational institutions should be innovative and use practical actions to promote the realization and improvement of credit recognition and conversion systems for higher education in China.

This study was conducted to determine the physical characteristics of the hazelnut in two forms and to evaluate the impact of cooking on the physicochemical properties. The results showed that the weight of the African hazelnuts ranged from 5.03±0.81 to 22.15±3.93 g, lengths ranging from 2.0±0.07 to 3.56±0.15 cm, widths from 3.29±0.31 to 3.29±0.31 cm. Lengths and widths of whole fruits and seeds showed no significant differences (p <0.05). The most dominant parameters are carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Fat (33.92±6.02-31.73±3.08), protein (11.29±2.15-10.20±2.28), fiber (2.37±0.67-1.45±0.05) and dry matter (94.92±0.47-93.63±1.91) contents (%) decreased significantly (p <0.05) after cooking, while carbohydrates (52.15±4.37-55.75± 5.62) reducing sugars (1.25±0.11-2.08±0.35) and total sugars (5.58 ± 0.87 -6.15±1.3) contents increased. Mineral composition of African hazelnut flours is dominated by potassium, magnesium, phosphorus and calcium. The potassium (5582.15±58-5314.65±204 mg/Kg), magnesium (5243.8±226 -4003.8±177 mg/Kg), manganese (31.53±0.8 -30.93±0.7 mg/Kg), iron (30.33±0.45-26.25±0.32 mg/Kg), calcium (1925±63-1167.7 ±18 mg/Kg) and sodium (255±3.54-241.7±1.92 mg/Kg) contents decreased after cooking while zinc content (21.47±1.27-241.7 ± 1.92 mg/Kg) increased.

Since the Dakar education forum of 2000, Kenya has committed herself to universalizing basic education. However, it faces the challenge of class repetition in both primary and secondary school levels has indicated by the government concern through a circular number MOE/HRS/3/7/4 to schools in 2013 (ministry of education, 2013). The World Bank noted with concerns that 6% of school going children repeat a class annually in the country (World Bank, 2014). Policy guidelines in Kenya has faced varieties of challenges in its implementation stages (McConnell, 2014; Gacheche, 2010) and this study sort to identify fundamental issues that need to be addressed so as to enable the class repetition policy to be a success not a failure. The study found out that research is essential in policy and quality of education should be a concern in the implementation process. Teachers play a crucial role in creating a new approach to teaching and handling of emerging issues in learning environments. The study recommended for a need assessment of the impact of the policy on academic performance and school infrastructure. Teachers being implementers of policy should be agents of change in any success of policy in education.

A new simple, precise, accurate, sensitiveand rapid chromatographic method based on RP-HPLC was developed and validated for the estimation of Barnidipine HCl in bulk and in-house tablet dosage form. Methanol: Water (80:20 v/v)) was used as mobile phase. A gradient programing has been done, on a reverse phase C8 column (250×4.6mm×5μ) with flow rate 1 mL/min, monitored at 260 nm. The mean retention times of Barnidipine HCl were found to be 2.8 min respectively. Linearity of Barnidipine HCl was found to be 3-18 μg/mL, R2= 0.999 respectively. The developed methods have shown the best findings in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, LOD and LOQ for API and in house tablets. The depicted method can routinely be used for the determination of Barnidipine HCl in bulk and for in-house tablets formulation

The purpose of this finite element analysis (FEA) is to evaluate and compare the stress distributions at the permanent molars and restorative materials according to the material used. Materials and Methods: Three dimensional Finite Element Analysis was used to compare Stress distribution generated in Class II MOD lesion using different restorative materials. Results: Software performs a series of calculations and mathematical equations and yields the simulation result. The models was restored with three different restorative material which was subjected to a force of 600 N load. Von-Mises Stress were analyzed and compared in different materials. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that Amalgomer CR performed best followed by Zirconomer and GIC (Fuji IX). Conclusion: Restoration of Class II MOD lesions with materials of higher modulus of elasticity will enable better stress distribution.

Aim: This is a retrospective study which was carried out for a period of six months in orthopedic inpatient department at Aster prime hospital, Hyderabad. Objective: The objectives of the study are to decrease the irrational use of drugs to the patients, decrease unnecessary drugs, usage of proper dosage and administration of the drugs and prevent adverse drug reactions in order to improve the quality of life of patients. Methodology: A total of 104 prescriptions of the patient treated with analgesics and antibiotics for post-operative pain management were collected and analyzed in the inpatient orthopedic department. The prescriptions were analyzed and categorized into varieties based on antibiotics and analgesics prescribed, demographic parameters, comorbid conditions, type of orthopedic diseases diagnosed, polypharmacy etc. Conclusion: The study presented the prescription trends of antibiotics and analgesics in orthopaedic department. This kind of study will help as a guideline to use drugs for policymaking decision in the health care system. Prescribing medicines by generic names would help in less expensive treatment. Polypharmacy and combination of drugs has to be discouraged to minimize adverse drug reactions and drug interactions

With the ever-growing preference of the WCDMA technology, poor signal quality continues to affect the performance of 3G network. The paper uses a Solution Algorithm Embedded in a System Program (SAESP) to improve signal quality in the WCDMA network. This was done by characterizing the radio environment to identify factors that affected the Quality of Service (QoS). The parameters that triggered network snags were used to model a software based intelligent system which was done in an algorithmic approach. The result from the Solution Algorithm Embedded in a System Program (SAESP) showed an improvement of 33.60% on the signal quality of the test route.

Background: Urticaria or hives is a common skin condition usually resolves within a few hours and always by 24 hours. It is mediated by aberrant release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators from mast cells and basophils1. The therapeutic approach should be based on elimination or avoidance of the cause or trigger/stimulus, symptomatic drug treatment by reducing mast cell mediator release and inducing tolerance. Oral Bepotastine besilate is non-sedative, selective H1-R antagonist. Aim: To study the efficacy and tolerance of oral Bepotastine besilate in respect of wheal, pruritus, sedation and effectiveness in chronic urticaria patients. Methodology: All adult Patients attended out-patient department of our dermatology department, who had a history of wheals, erythema more than 6 weeks with pruritis were included. Pregnant and lactating women were excluded. After clinical diagnosis Oral bepotastine 10 mg twice daily was started and response ( pruritus, wheals, drug effectiveness and sleepiness ) was assessed by urticaria activity score (UAS), Medication effective score (MAS), Sedation scale in a predesigned performa on day 0,14 and 28. Results: The majority of patients showed significant improvement in pruritus and wheal scores as compared to baseline, starting from end of the second week visit. Among 45 patients; 38 had no sedation and 7 had mild drowsiness. Nine patients achieved complete relief. Conclusion: Bepotastine 10 mg twice daily is well tolerated, effective and non-sedative antihistamine drug for the treatment of chronic urticaria

Concrete, the most common construction material which has less tension capacity. And, a light weight concrete has many application in construction industry now a days due to its provision of less dead load, improvement for seismic structural response, suitability for transporting, and handling economically. Reinforcing material such as natural fiber, can be used to increase crack control and ductility by reducing the tendency of brittleness of concrete. The objective of this study was to evaluate the density, and tensile strength with its correlation with compressive strength of normal weight and lightweight concrete produced when incorporating with sugarcane bagasse fiber. The study has great significance in developing new advanced concrete product which has reduced density and high ductility with reduced crack. Furthermore, the usage of sugarcane in construction can reduce of environmental pollution. Sugarcane fibers extracted from bagasse by manually was used in volume fraction of 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% in terms of weight of cement in mix with average fiber length of 25mm. In this study, lightweight aggregate (scoria) was used by replacing the normal weight aggregate by 50% and semi-lightweight concrete achieved. In order to obtain the output of the objective of the study, total of 48 cubes, 48 beams, and 48 cylinder specimens was prepared, and the tests performed on 7th and 28th days curing period. As result of the testing showed that the increase of fiber decreased the unit weight of concrete with light weight aggregate, but it is not uniform for normal weight concrete. The optimum value containing addition of sugarcane bagasse fiber is 0.5% due to flexural and split tensile strength with a little impact on compressive strength. Therefore, the use of sugarcane fiber in concrete is suitable for addition that do not exceed 0.5% of the concrete mixture.

Objective: Introduction: Saudi initiative for asthma provides an updated framework for the diagnosis and management of asthma based on the best global scientific information. However, the prevalence of childhood asthma in Saudi has dramatically increased from 5% to 25% in the last decade. Objectives: To obtain information from health care providers (HCPs) regarding their knowledge, attitudes and use of the national guidelines for diagnosis and management of the childhood asthma. Methods: The study consisted of mixed surveys [semi-structured interviews (phase 1) and online survey (phase 2)] of the HCPs (paediatric doctors, pharmacists and nurses) whom work at hospital and primary care centres in Najran region, Saudi Arabia. The surveys assessed the knowledge and adherence of the HCPs to the national care pathway. Results: The paediatric doctor’s interviews afforded that the main barriers to adherence to guidelines are the lack of awareness and resources. In the online surveys, of the 535 HCPs, 172 surveys were completed. Of these, 48% of the respondents reported being aware to children asthma guidelines. 42% of the respondents did not follow any paediatric asthma guidelines. More than half of respondents (51.7%) follow guidelines for the paediatric asthma diagnosis. The most common barrier for adherence to asthma guidelines were lack of awareness (40%), followed by patient non-compliance with clinical management plan, lack of resources, difficult to understand the guidelines and the lack of time (32%), (16%), (7%) and (4%), respectively. Vast majority of respondents (75%) didn’t attend any training courses regarding awareness with asthma diagnosis and management. The study also revealed that dust mites and air pollution are the most popular asthma triggers (38%). 43% of respondents strongly agreed that a Saudi gene may be responsible for asthma. Most of the participants are not familiar with the number of children were admitted to Hospitals in the last twelve months. Conclusions: The results support that HCPs need education regarding diagnosis and clinical management plans of asthma by attending courses and workshops. Establishment of an asthma care centre may improve awareness and identify in depth the effective pathways for rapid asthma diagnosis

Teeth are imperative elements in the orofacial region which are pivotal for many critical physiological functions of an individual. Loss of teeth may be inevitable due to several reasons like dental caries, periodontitis, infections, facial trauma and pathologies of the jaw. It may even result due to physiologic reasons like ageing. Inorder to restore certain key physiologic functions like mastication, phonetics, and esthetics replacement of teeth is mandatory. Many treatment options are available in the current world but implants are still considered as a first go option. Here we present a clinical report of a patient who underwent full mouth reconstruction with implant-supported fixed prostheses in partially edentulous arches.

This before-and-after type of educational interventional study using convenience sampling was conducted among rural adolescent males to find the prevalence of usage of various forms of tobacco and to determine the outcome of educational intervention on tobacco use among the participants. Using a pre-tested questionnaire, the participants were separately interviewed for about 20-30 minutes. The mean age of participants (n=180) was 17.80 ± 1.19 years. 34.4% had a positive family history of tobacco use. Tobacco consumption by family members significantly increased tobacco use among the adolescents (p=0.005). The major factors that influenced tobacco intake were social customs, peer pressure, perception of tobacco use as a “status symbol”. The number of smoked tobacco users in pre-intervention phase was significantly higher (p=0.0145), as compared to that in the post-intervention phase. In the pre-intervention phase, bidi, followed by cigarette were the commonly used smoked tobacco products while in the post-intervention phase, the commonly used tobacco products were cigarette, followed by bidi. Educational intervention resulted in reduction in frequency of tobacco use from 17.2% to 11.1%. Systematic long-term focussed programmes would be necessary for sustaining the beneficial effects of the educational intervention

This work is focused on Leadership and Governance in Rivers State: The case study of Okrika Local Government Area 1999-2015. It intends to examine the attitude and character of a true leader in Okrika Local Government Area and to interrogate the Leadership style towards achieving some levels of development. It also provides to conceptual framework for proper understanding of the dynamics of a Leader and the synergy between the followers and the Leadership. The work intends to reinvigorate the dynamism interest in good Leadership to actualize the benefits derivable from good Leadership styles. This is because bad Leadership breeds poor followership and retards development whereas good Leadership ushers in sustained economic development. The work will involve the application of various theories of development to bring to fore the needed areas of proper infusion of good ideas to the good of the Local Government.