To evaluate the serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) level as a marker of severity of preeclampsia. Antenatal mothers without complications were taken as controls and women with preeclampsia taken as cases. They were evaluated for serum LDH levels. All enrolled women were followed till delivery and their course of pregnancy and fetal outcome were noted. Mean value of LDH in the control group was 395.16+ 92.54IU/L. The LDH level in non severe type of preeclampsia was 566+ 219IU/L and in severe type of preeclampsia was >600 IU/L where it was highly significant (p<0.001). Antenatal complications and neonatal complications were 25% more in severe preeclampsia where serum LDH levels were >800IU/L. The severity of maternal and fetal complications was correlated well with increased LDH levels in preeclampsia.

Temporomandibular ankylosis is defined as a permanent constriction of the temporomandibular joint. It can be an articular or juxta-articular origin, and includes various pathologies. We report here an unusual cause of temporo mandibular ankylosis which is an osteochondroma diagnosed by an anatomopathological study of the bone block. A 16-year-old patient who consults for a difficulty in opening the mouth. The clinical examination was without particularities. The cranian scan revealed the presence of a bony block at the right temporo mandibular joint with almost complete disappearance of the joint space.It was the histological examination of the osseous block that led to the diagnosis of osteochondroma.

Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) is a tropical and subtropical parasitic infection caused by hookworm infection which inhabit in domestic pets such as cats and dogs. Larva found in infected soil, accidently penetrates the intact skin and causes lesions which are an erythematous, serpiginous, and extremely itchy. The reported case was clinically diagnosed as CLM had multiple lesions without complications and successfully treated with albendazole.

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is caused by lymphotropic retrovirus which was first recognised in 1981 and subsequently HIV was discovered in 1983. HIV infection causes derangement in hematopoietic system which directly results in lymphopenia with the progression of disease and leads to decrease in CD4 lymphocytes, which is directly related to prognosis of disease. It is said that other blood cells may also be deranged due to HIV infection leading to anemia, neutropenia or thrombocytopenia. The purpose of this study was to assess various haematological various haematological changes in HIV patients and to correlate the finding with CD4 counts. A total of 50 seropositive patients were studied over a period of 1 year. All patients diagnosed as HIV 1 and 2 were included in the study. Patients with no haematological study or CD4 count were excluded from the study. The hematological parameters included under this study were – Hemoglobin, Total Leucocyte count, Absolute Lymphocyte count, Platelet count, Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) and CD4 count. In this study 26 (52%) were male and 24 (48%) were females. Majority of cases (50%) were between the age of 30 – 44 years. Decrease in CD4 count correlated with lymphopenia with CD4 count less than 500/µl in majority (88%). Anemia was the commonest abnormality (62%), predominantly normocytic normochromic type. Thrombocytopenia was the least noted (14%). This study reiterated that absolute lymphocyte count is the best correlated parameter with CD4 count in seropositive patients.

Our aim was to formulation development and evaluation of herbal face pack without adding any preservatives. Face pack was formulated with different natural ingredients (sandal wood powder, multani mitti, china rose flower powder, turmeric, rose water) which are rich sources of vitamins and minerals that are essential for the health and glow of the skin. Evaluation methods were organoleptic, physico-chemical, rheological parameters and stability along with irritancy test. All prepared formulations were standardized by different parameters. Organoleptic parameters showed that the pack was smooth and rheological findings proved the flow properties of the pack as it was found to be free flowing and non-sticky in nature. The results showed that the formulation was stable on all aspects. Stability tests performed revealed the inert nature of the pack. Irritancy test was showed that no irritancy after use. Face packs are generally used to increase the fairness, glow and smoothness of the skin. They are non-toxic, non-allergic and having lesser side effects. Thus in the present work, it was a very good attempt to formulate and evaluate the herbal face pack containing natural herbal ingredients.

Macrocytosis in adults is defined as a red blood cell (RBC) mean corpuscular volume (MCV) >100 FL. Macrocytic anemia is generally classified into megaloblastic and non-megaloblastic anemia. The objective of this study was to assess haematological findings in patients of macrocytic anemia based on complete blood count and peripheral blood smear and to classify them based on clinical, serum vitamin B 12 and folic acid levels .The study was carried out over a period of one year at a tertiary care teaching hospital. 100 patients were selected on simple random sampling with MCV>99 FL and peripheral blood smear showing features of macrocytosis. Out of the 100 patients studied of macrocytic anemia, 55 percent had megaloblastic anemia and remaining 45 percent had non-megaloblastic anemia due to various causes. In our study, megaloblastic anemia was the most common cause of macrocytic anemia and among non- megaloblastic causes liver disorders like hepatitis was the most important cause.

Lead is a well known environmental and reproductive toxicant. This study was designed to evaluate the blood lead levels in pregnant women in Nnewi, Anambra State, South Eastern Nigeria. A total of 100 apparently healthy subjects comprising of 75 pregnant women and 25 non-pregnant women (control) aged between 18 and 45 years were recruited for the study. Thereafter, 2mls of blood sample was collected into EDTA container for the estimation of lead concentration using atomic absorption spectrophotometric method. A structured questionnaire was used in obtaining relevant data for age, dietary and lifestyle patterns of subjects. The result showed a significantly higher lead level in pregnant women compared with control group (p=0.000). Also, the mean blood lead level differed significantly between the first and second trimester as well as between first and third trimesters of pregnancy (p<0.05), but values obtained were similar between second and third trimesters of gestation (p>0.05) respectively. This study further revealed significantly higher blood levels in pregnant women that consume caffeine, animals killed by ammunition, and food items as well as in pregnant women that smokes (p<0.05). Also, blood lead level was significantly elevated in pregnant women that used well and piped water respectively (p<0.05). Therefore, there is need to avoid avenues of lead exposures in pregnancy in order to sustain the low blood level recorded in this study and hence, limit the potential adverse implications of lead exposures.

Acinetobacter has emerged as significant hospital pathogen involved in outbreaks of hospital infections, notoriously known to acquire antibiotic resistance to most of the commonly prescribed antimicrobials. Many risk factors are associated with Acinetobacter infections, especially in patients in intensive care unit (ICU). Acinetobacter species tend to be resistant to a variety of antibiotics and thus the infections are difficult to treat. This study aims to isolate Acinetobacter from various clinical samples and to determine its antimicrobial sensitivity pattern. The objectives of the present study were; 1) To isolate Acinetobacter species from various clinical samples. 2) To study their Antibiogram pattern of the Isolated Organisms. A total of 93 Acinetobacter species were isolated from various clinical samples. Identification of Acinetobacter was done on the basis of hemolysis on blood agar, growth at 42ºC, and oxidation fermentation test. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done as per standard CLSI guidelines (2017). Maximum isolation of Acinetobacter species were from pus or wound swabs 57 (61.29%) followed by sputum and tracheal secretions 21 (22.58%) and urine 15 (16.12%) samples. Most of the strains were sensitive to imipenem (97%), piperacillin-tazobactam (91.39%), and getifloxacin (86%) whereas, maximum resistance was observed to co-trimoxazole (10.75%) and gentamicin (9.67%). Acinetobacter spp. has emerged as a major nosocomial pathogen. Broad-spectrum antibiotics should be used with caution and only after antibiotic susceptibility testing. Early identification and continued surveillance of prevalent organism will help prevent the spread of Acinetobacter in hospital environment. Empirical antibiotic policy should be determined for each hospital according to the resistance rates of that hospital setting.

A simple and precise reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the determination of cefuroxime in human plasma was developed and validated. Using cefazolin as an internal standard (IS), 0.25 ml plasma samples were deproteinized with 90 µl of 3% trichloroacetic acid in methanol, the supernatant was extracted with 150 µl acetonitrile, and 100 µl of the second supernatant were injected into the HPLC system. Separation was achieved on Atlantis dC18 column with a mobile phase composed of 0.01 M cetyltriethylammonium bromide, 0.01 M dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (pH 6.5), and acetonitrile (30:30:40, v:v:v). The mobile phase was spiked with triethylamine (10 µl/L) and delivered at 1.0 ml/minute. The eluent was monitored spectrophotometrically at 278 nm. No interference with cefuroxime and IS peaks by extracted blank plasma components or commonly used drug was observed. The relationship between cefuroxime concentration and peak height ratio of cefuroxime to the IS was linear over the range of 0.25-14.0 μg/ml. Coefficient of variation and bias were ≤ 12.6% and ≤ 11.0%, respectively. Mean extraction recovery of cefuroxime and the IS was 99% and 95%, respectively. The method was applied to assess the stability of cefuroxime under various conditions encountered in the clinical laboratory. Cefuroxime stability in processed samples stored at room temperature for 24 hours or 48 hours at -20 °C, and in unprocessed samples for 24 hours at room temperature or 14 weeks at -20 °C was ≥ 96% and ≥ 83%, respectively.

Sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma (SRMS) is a very rare subtype of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and can lead to diagnostic difficulties especially if one is not advised of this variant. This entity was first described in 2000 by Mentzel and Katenkamp.Morphologically, it is characterized by an abundant hyalinized stroma that may erroneously lead to the diagnosis of extraskeletal chondrosarcoma, sometimes this stroma simulates a primary osteoid or vascular tumor. Thus, it can lead to confusion with osteosarcoma or angiosarcoma. We report here a case of SRMS mimicking a sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma appearing in calves in a 55-year-old man. The tumor cells were arranged in nests, cords with sometimes a pseudovascular features. Immunostaining showed that the tumor was positive for Desmin, SMA and MyoD1, focally positive for myogenin and negative for CK, P63, EMA, S-100, H-caldesmon, CD34, CD31. Based on morphological discovery and immunostaining, he was diagnosed as an SRMS. This is the first case of SRMS to show a strong and diffuse α- SMA highlighting the risk of misdiagnosis as leiomyosarcoma.

The idea behind this study is to emphasize the significance of strategic performance management systems that assist managers to build up a proper performance management process in their respective organizations. It examines the purpose of how strategic Performance system can employ to strengthen the different human resource strategies of an organization. In a nutshell, the paper takes a deep insight into the aspects of Strategic Performance Management System (SPMS).The findings obtained from the intense reviews exhibit the main purpose, process and components that the system should execute at its managerial levels for better performance.

Hematological disorders are frequent in all age groups and most of them present with anemia. Bone marrow aspiration is useful and cost effective diagnostic procedure for diagnosis of both neoplastic and non-neoplastic hematological diseases. This study was done to emphasize the crucial role of Bone Marrow Aspiration in diagnosis of hematological disorders. This was a retrospective study carried out in a period of 1 year (July 2016-August 2017). Bone marrow examination of 65 cases of suspected hematological disorders on peripheral blood smear was carried out and clinical history was recorded. We studied total 65 patients among them most common red blood cell pathologies were megaloblastic anemia (56%) followed by mixed erythroid hyperplasia (11%), iron deficiency anemia (6%), normoblastic maturation (6%). All the 5 patients of platelet disorders were diagnosed as Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Among WBC pathologies Acute Leukemia (6%) and other Miscellaneous like aleukemic leukemia, leucoerythroblastic reaction & haemophagocytic lymphohistocytosis. Megaloblastic anemia was found to be the most common finding in RBC pathology, in WBC pathology acute leukemia was the most common and among platelets ITP.

Chronic myeloid leukemia is a malignant clonal expansion of hemato¬poietic progenitor cells causally linked to a specific chromosomal abnormality, the Philadelphia chromosome. It occurs uncommonly in childhood, accounting for only 2 to 5% of all pediatric leukaemias with an annual incidence of about 1 per million in this age range. We describe one such case of chronic myeloid leukemia in an 11 year old boy, who presented with massive splenomegaly and hyperleukocytosis. The diagnosis was made from peripheral blood smear examination, supported by karyotypic study. Because of the infrequency of its occurrence, it was thought of interest to report this case of CML and to review certain interesting features of this entity in the pediatric population

Gallbladder is affected by a wide spectrum of diseases ranging from nonneoplastic lesions like congenital anomalies, gallstones and its complications, noninflammatory, inflammatory, to the neoplastic lesions .The aim of the study spectrum of histopathological changes in cholecystitis. The objectives were to study the histomorphology and frequency of various gall bladder diseases among specimens received and to correlate the various types of mucosal responses to different gallstone characteristic (like type, number, size volume and weight). Gall bladder specimen after cholecystectomy of patients who was admitted in ward surgery of BPS GMC, Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat.Place of study:-Department of Pathology, BPS GMC Khanpur Kalan, Sonipat. Study design- Prospective study. Out of 339 cases, two hundred and ninety seven (87.61%) patients studied were females, whereas 42 (12.39%) cases were males. Male to female ratio was 1:7.07. Out of the 339 cases, 234 (69.7%) had mixed stones, followed by pigment 44(13%) cases and cholesterol31 (9.1%) and 27 (8.1%) had no stones. 126 (37%) had single stone, nine had (3%) double and the remaining 195 (58%) had multiple stones. Conclusion: The histopathological spectrum of gallbladder lesions includes chronic cholecystitis and associated mucosal alterations and lesions like metaplasia, dysplasia and carcinoma. Variants of chronic cholecystitis such as xanthogranulomatous, granulomatous and follicular cholecystitis were also noted. To conclude, it was seen that the average weight, volume and size of the gall bladder significantly correlated in increasing order with cholecystitis, hyperplasia, metaplasia and carcinoma.

Abstract: The objective of the study was to compare computed tomography (CT) imaging of patients with respect to neurological signs. This is a hospital based prospective observational study. 50 patients of eclampsia (both antepartum and postpartum) were studied. CT scan was performed within 48 hours of admission. Statistical analysis was done chi square test and unpaired student’s t test. In this study, of the 42 cases with CT scan abnormality, 39 women had neurological signs and symptoms and 3 cases did not have neurological signs and symptoms (p=0.000005). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were found to be 92.85%, 75%, 95.12% and 66.66 % and the diagnostic accuracy was found to be 90%. CT scan of brain in eclampsia can provide useful intra cerebral information and should be done in cases with severe neurologic manifestations, if possible for every eclamptic mother. Further studies including diagnosis of specific neurological manifestations would emphasize the precise clinical presentations in women with eclampsia. Neuroimaging therefore, will help in modifying management protocol in eclampsia.