The Communication industry in Nigeria was thrown into the Quality of Service challenges as a result of rapid growth of mobile users with their increases in the demand for mobile communication application services. Most often in this country, the outages are high which leads to total network failures, block calls, drop calls. All these are as a result of poor signal strength at the receiving end. This research was aimed at minimizing outage probability in mobile network using beamforming adaptive antenna array system. To achieve this goal, the number of outages was measured at a specified period. A beamforming antenna was designed so as to enhance signal reception. An LMS algorithm was developed for the antenna for signal tracking and acquisition. A model for minimizing the outage probability in the network using adaptive beamforming antenna was then developed and simulated in MATLAB Environment. Results obtained showed that the outage probability is lower with adaptive beamforming antenna and also the BER curve was better with beamforming technique.

Workplace turnover is destructive to nursing and patient outcomes as it leads to losing competent and qualified nurses. However, developments of coping strategies demand a clear understanding of workplace variables that either motivates nurses to remain employed or lead them to leave their current jobs. This study assessed the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics of members of nursing staff and their job satisfaction as well as perceived factors influencing turnover among nurses in Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Zaria, Nigeria. Cross-sectional study design was carried out on 304 nurses using quantitative data collection methods from 8th April, 2016 – 22nd April, 2016. The respondent’s age ranged between 20-63 years with a mean age of 39±10.97 years. Age, gender, marital status; and job satisfaction yielded a nonstatistical significant, weak and positive correlation with job satisfaction. Number of years worked, professional experience and unit of primary assignment were the only sociodemographic characteristics found to be significant predictors of job satisfaction in ABUTH (P < 0.05). Insufficient cohesion with colleagues, poor safety of the work environment; undervalued nurse’s opinion by medical staff and poor professional image of nursing were identified as perceived factors positively influencing nurse’s intension to leave the hospital. The study suggests that nurses’ opinion should be respected by other professionals and nurses professional practice judgement should not be relegated on the bases of sentiments.

In the past two decades, sustainability has been a significant concern when planning cities. As a consequence of development occurring in cities, its essence to people is discounted. An example of this is Doha, Qatar‟s capital, which has undergone massive urban developments because of the post-WWII discovery and production of oil and gas. Doha‟s urban fabric has been transformed from a rational, people-based, and environmentally adapted design into zoning and transportation dependent planning. However, in the past few years, Doha has started to adopt sustainability-driven urban planning policies. For example, development of the new city Lusail has legislation and design regulations directed towards sustainable planning. Therefore, this research study is focused on the urban planning of a neighbourhood in Al Wakra, Qatar. The focus is on its relationship to the old city layout and the possible implementation of sustainability principles in present-day development in the area. The study also develops strategies and design that utilize sustainability principles. The study process includes a literature review, data collection, detailed site analysis, and exploration of present and historic plans for Al Wakra. Additionally, various alternatives that follow specific strategies are generated to identify a desirable approach for the neighbourhood. Furthermore, the strategies highlight actions needed to implement the development concept. As a result, the study generates an ideal approach for the further development of Al Wakra. Furthermore, the findings can act as a reference for similar developments with a comparable climate, surroundings, environment, size, and population.

Variation of Jebel Aulia Reservoir levels along White Nile River causes wider variation of the wetted area. This adds to the challenges for the pumping water for irrigation. Historically, there was always the tendency to maintain high reservoir levels in favor of the upstream pumping stations. The aim of this study is to assess possible impacts of changing the operation rules of Jebel Aulia Reservoir. Water balance approach has been applied to investigate the existing and three modified operation policy. The evaluated parameters include duration of high reservoir levels preferred by pumping schemes, satisfaction of downstream water demands and area of flood plain agriculture (Guroof), evaporation and hydropower generation. Scenario 2 was found to be the best in obtaining high reservoir level and given the highest annual hydropower production. Scenario 3 was found to be the best in terms of evaporation losses and the downstream demands.

The least squares weighted residual method was used in this work to solve the boundary value problem (BVP) of an Euler column of length l fixed at x = 0, and pinned at x = l. Polynomial shape (spline) functions for Euler columns with fixedpinned ends were used to obtain one – and two parameter buckling shape functions in terms of unknown generalised parameters. The one and two parameter buckling shape functions were used to construct least squares weighted residual integral statements of the boundary value problem. The least squares weighted residual statements simplified the boundary value problem (BVP) to algebraic eigenvalue – eigenvector problems. The solution for non trivial cases yielded characteristic buckling equations which were solved to obtain the buckling loads. One parameter coordinate shape function yielded the critical load as Qcr = 21EI/l2, while the two parameter buckling shape function yielded Qcr = 20.34614EI/l2. One parameter least squares weighted residual solution yielded a relative error of 4 % while the two parameter least squares weighted residual solution yielded a relative error of 0.77% compared to the exact solution.

This paper examines the History of Manyani Detention Camp from 1952 to 1963. From 1952 onwards, the British government established detention camps where suspected Mau Mau fighters and their sympathizers were incarcerated. Manyani was started as a holding camp for “hard core” Mau Mau fighters. Manyani held Mau Mau fighters from 1952 to 1963. The colonial government preferred Manyani detention camp because of its harsh environment that was expected to exert maximum physical torture on the detainees so that they could plead guilty and assist in ending the Mau Mau uprising. The paper shows Manyani detention camps as an institution of political domination and control during the state Emergency in Kenya. The paper is a contribution to the historiography of prisons in Kenya.

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is rapidly developing with the government's vision (Saudi 2030 Vision) of working towards a developed nation by the year 2030. Government have implemented various types of development such as schools, government offices, hospitals, factories and, housing schemes, etc. It also aims to implement green building designs thereby using a recyclable structural material for construction such as Steel is a positive step. The use of truss design, construction, erection and installation is very popular due to it conventional configurations and popularity within the industry for its long spanning and lightness. Nevertheless, its selection and optimum design still needs proper attention. This paper addresses a parametric study to analyze and design single-story industrial buildings located in Madinah City using structural analysis and design software SAP2000®. Standards of the Saudi Building Codes SBC are used for the design purpose. The basic data related to wind intensity; dead and live loadings are obtained from SBC301. The dimensions of the two industrial buildings are (20mx35m and 30mx60m) with single span of 20m and 30m. Two different types of trusses are used thus gave rise to four cases. The design is carried out for the maximum capacities (compression, tension and shearing) of structural members to guarantee the structural safety. The purpose of this study is to understand the design philosophy and to give useful recommendations for the optimal and safe design of trusses with minimization of construction cost and time savings of industrial buildings.

In this work, the Picard’s successive iteration method was used to solve the elastic buckling problem of Euler columns with pinned ends. The problem was represented by a second order ordinary differential equation in the deflection function subject to the boundary conditions at the pinned ends. The boundary value problem was expressed in integral form, and the Picard’s iteration scheme developed from the integral form. A suitable buckling shape function was used to obtain an initial approximation to the deflection, and the Picard’s iteration scheme used to obtain first, second and third iterations for the modal buckling functions through the use of corresponding boundary conditions. Corresponding Picard’s approximations for the first, second and third iterations of the critical buckling load were obtained as 1 2 ( ) 9 6 0 / . , cr P E I l  ( ) 2 2 9 8361 / . cr EI l  and ( ) 3 2 9 8657 / . . cr EI l  The errors in the first, second and third iterates of the critical buckling load were -2.732%, -0.339% and -0.040% respectively. The use of the exact buckling shape function in the Picard’s iteration scheme was found to result in the exact closed form solution for the critical buckling load.

The tension stiffening index is a critical factor which improved their effect on the torsional behavior of fibrous reinforced concrete beams which included the bond strength between the reinforcement and the concrete, and the amount of reinforcement indexes. Thus, this paper highlights the effect of the tension stiffening index on the torsional resistance of ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) beams under pure torsion. Therefore, four under-reinforced ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete beams were cast and tested under pure torsion which contains the fixed amount of longitudinal and transverse reinforcements, while the grade and the rib pattern on the surface of reinforcement have been changed. Test results verified that the torsional resistance, stiffness of the cracked section and the twisting angle were improved at the crack and peak loads due to a reduction in the tension stiffening index. However, the axial strains in transverse and longitudinal reinforcements.

This paper presents the results of systematic analysis of joints trends in the rock masses exposed in the stretch between Al-Rawnah and Al-Huriyah areas, northwest of Taiz city, Yemen, using Fabric-8 software technique. From the field investigations and structural relations between the various lithounits, the exposed rock masses in the study area are classified into four litho-tectonic units viz., from bottom to the top:1) basement rocks, 2) Amran limestone rocks, 3) Al-Tawillah sandstone rocks and 4) volcanic rocks. Results of the study indicate that the rock units of the study area are cut and deformed by NNW-SSE, NE-SW, WNW-ESE, N-S, and E-W trending joints. NNW-SSE and NE-SW trends are the most predominant trends influencing the rock units of the study area. The dominant and major NNW-SSE trend correlates to the direction of the maximum extensional stress associated with the Red Sea rift system, while the second one (NE-SW) is perturbed regional stress field related to the direction of the stress generated during the opening of the Gulf of Aden. The basement rocks are commonly affected by both vertical and conjugate joints. The conjugate joints are represented by X and Y types, although T and H types were also recognized. Amran limestone rocks are affected by subvertical joints in addition to asymmetric with symmetric joints of veins filled by calcite minerals. Orthogonal cross joins, conjugate joints, polygonal joints and exfoliation joints were documented in Al-Tawillah sandstone rocks. Columnar jointing, plumose structures, horsetail fractures, kink joints and exfoliation joints are commonly observed in the volcanic rocks. This study indicates that the fracture spacing, orientation and thickness of the rock mass and patterns of fractures are controlled by lithology and structural evolution of the study area.

The State of Qatar has been undergoing radical transformation, coordinated by the national development planning strategy, to realise the aims of Qatar National Vision 2030 (QNV-2030). Efforts towards sustainable urban growth and development have included the establishment of a new transportation system, as well as transitoriented developments (TODs), which significantly enhanced pedestrians‘ access to amenities and facilities, particularly during major events. This research study aims to develop alternative design strategies for public transit systems and land use amidst the larger challenge of urban metamorphosis focused on boosting sustainability by enhancing liveability. The Al Sadd district was selected as a case study due to (1) its significance as one of the oldest mixed-use districts in Qatar, with a significant role in the economic development of Doha; (2) its many layers, which have overlapped; and (3) its lack of heritage significance. Data, gathered from both primary and secondary sources, consisted of questionnaires, site visits, walk-through observations, focus groups and structured interviews. The use of these research methods facilitated the exploration of the physical forms and sociocultural characteristics of the area, enhancing understanding of the urban quality, and providing inputs for a strategy to enhance the urban sustainability and liveability of the district.

In the current social scenario, trauma is on the rise, which leads to physical, mental as well as social consequences. If the coping skill of an individual is not able to manage the stress, it may lead to an acute stress reaction. If it retains more than 1 month and satisfies the diagnostic criteria, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is the condition. It can be considered as the alteration of the functions of manas as per Ayurveda due to the resulted irreplaceable loss. The acute stress reaction needs psychological support and in case of PTSD, Ayurvedic medication along with selected satwavajaya techniques and yoga therapy tends to produce better results. Selected sodhana procedures along with internal medications including rasayanas are useful in this regard. The prime knowledge so as to diagnose a case of PTSD is a must for a general practitioner as the prevalence is on the rise and immediate intervention produces better results.

Indonesia is one of the countries with a large number of corruption cases. Criminal acts of corruption in Indonesia have been pervasive and have entered into all walks of life. Its development continues to increase from year to year, in the number of cases that occur and the amount of state financial losses and regarding the quality of criminal acts of corruption carried out more systematically that has entered aspects of community life. Increased uncontrolled corruption will bring impacts that are not only limited to the life of the national economy but also to the life of the nation and state in general. This study uses a normative and empirical juridical approach. Normative research is carried out on the theoretical matters of legal principles relating to law enforcement in the case of corruption in Indonesia. This research method uses several approaches to produce a reasonable conclusion. The strategy of prosecuting policies in certain crimes must pay attention to the nature of the problem. If the nature of the problem is more on economic or trade issues, it should take precedence over sanctions for action and/or fines. The formulation of sanctions between Article 2 and Article 3 of this Law is contrary to the general provisions concerning sanctions regulated in the Criminal Code. In the Criminal Code determines if an act is carried out because of position and violates the authority. It is a criminal weight, while in this law in Article 3 which is an act as stipulated in Article 2 but carried out by misusing the authority, opportunity or means that exists because of the position or position but the threat is lighter than in Article 2. If the special law makes a particular minimum criminal threat, then it must be accompanied by rules/guidelines for its application such as comparative problems between specific minimums and maximal in particular. There should be a unique pattern that should be followed in other Article formulations. For example in Article 2 paragraph (1) the comparison is 1: 4 while in Article 3 the comparison is 1:20. There should be a similar pattern applied in each Article in the formulation of specific minimum provisions.

Parental participation is one of the cornerstones of pediatric practice. Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital (QECH) is the major referral hospital in Malawi and caregivers stay with their children in the hospital and participate in the care. However, little was known about the perception of these caregivers regarding their participation in care of their hospitalised children. The aim of the study was to explore caregivers’ perceptions regarding parental participation in the care of their hospitalised child. A descriptive qualitative study was done using semi structured interview guide to collect data from 20 caregivers in the pediatric department. Thematic analysis was done guided by Collaizzi method. Seven main themes emerged from the data and these were lack of role negotiation by health care workers, inadequate role preparation for caregivers, perception of caregivers on care they provided to their hospitalised children, poor HCWs- caregivers’ communication, benefits of caregivers’ participation in care of hospitalised children, needs of caregivers participating in care of hospitalised children and overall impression of caregiver’s participation. The study findings showed that caregivers view their participation in the care of hospitalised children as appropriate, important and satisfying. However, gaps exist in the way caregivers participate in the care of their hospitalised children due to inadequate role negotiation, role preparation for caregivers and inadequate information for caregivers. The researcher recommends that management should develop protocols and guidelines for the implementation of parental participation in care of hospitalised children to promote best practices.

Correct body positioning is a major nursing intervention to prevent respiratory problem and reduce complication. The important causes of neonatal deaths is birth asphyxia and along with serious infections results in more than 50% of all neonatal deaths.The study was conducted to assess the effect of positioning on physiological parameters of neonates admitted with respiratory problem and find out the difference among positions. The conceptual frame work of the study was based on Stuffle Beams evaluation model provides a framework for evaluation of an innovative intervention .The research design adopted was quasi experimental with one group post test design. The experiment was done by taking 60 neonates admitted for respiratory problem. The level of significance was found using “Z’’ test & ANOVA.The mean heart rate in prone position is 132.4  15.26 less than mean heart rate in lateral position is 137.8  9.82 and in supine position is 141.6  9.75. The mean oxygen saturation in prone position is 95.9  2.87 is higher than the mean oxygen saturation in lateral position is 88.9  2.49 and in supine position is 91.2  2.54. The mean respiration rate in prone position is 43.8  3.18 is less than in lateral position 51.4  4.33 and supine position is 52.2  1.9. The mean arterial pressure in supine position is 49.1  8.27 is same as in prone position is 49.1  8.12 and in lateral position is 48.56  7.57.The mean of oxygen saturation, respiration rate, heart rate in prone position is clinically effective. Prone position improves oxygen saturation and decrease respiratory distress in compared to supine and lateral position in neonates having respiratory problems.