The current wave of unrest among secondary schools students in Kenya is an indication of a serious problem in schools related to juvenile delinquency behaviours. For over two decades, this has been undermining the adolescents’ achievement and development. In this regard, juvenile delinquent behaviours have far reaching consequences; hence the present study sought to explore into the relationship between students’ indulgence in various delinquency behaviours and their academic achievement in Mumias sub-county, Kakemega County, Kenya. Specific objective for the study was to determine the elements of delinquent behaviours among secondary students. The study adopts Jessor's Problem Behaviour Theory (PBT) and ex post facto research design to explain the various study variables. The target population of this study was 54 secondary school deputy principals, 54 guidance and counselling teachers, 218 class teachers, 7548 form two and three students. The sample of the study consisted of 47 secondary school deputy principals, 47 guidance and counselling teachers, 139 class teachers and 365 form two and three students. Data was collected using questionnaire, observation schedules, interview schedules and document analysis.

This article describes the reconciliation between copyright law and library services. On the face of it, libraries and copyright protection seem to be located at cross-purposes. One seeks to freely disseminate literature, and the other seeks to preserve the exclusivity of the same. However, looking deeper, one can find a basis for reconciliation of the two in that copyright law is aimed at preventing the unfair use of and unlawful gain from another's literature or other creative work, while libraries aim at distributing knowledge from this literature and other creative works. The copyright act makes a sound balancing of the competing interest of the author on the one side and user on the other hand by recognizing library use as a privileged user right while upholding the moral and economic rights of the author. An attempt is made in this paper to examine the nature, extent and scope of this privileged use especially with a comparative analysis of the similar provisions in various national legislations. It’s really interesting that inspite of a series of technological developments and changed perceptions of public interest the legal provision stands as it is without any amendments for the last five decades. So it is right time to look into the efficacy of this legal provision in the context of changed public interest and technological challenges. Suggesting a viable mechanism keeping into account of the fragile social and economic needs of the country is the final aim of this analysis.

This study aims to improve student motivation and learning outcomes by utilizing the Traditional Gorontalo Bilu-bilulu game in learning Social Sciences (IPS). This research was conducted in the fifth grade of Gorontalo State University Laboratory Elementary School and was motivated by the condition of students who showed less student learning motivation and many learning outcomes were below the Minimum Completion Criteria (KKM) because teachers often used the lecture method which tended to be monotonous and not used the game traditionsoanal Gorontalo Bilu-bilulu. This study uses Classroom Action Research methods with stages of planning, implementation, observation, analysis and reflection. The assessment used in this study is a test technique to determine student learning outcomes, assessment of student learning motivation through questionnaires and observation sheets to determine the activities of teachers and students during the learning process. The results of the study indicate an increase in the assessment of student motivation and learning outcomes. In the assessment of student learning outcomes cycle I completeness 45% with an average value of 74.50 while in cycle II completeness reached 80% with an average value of 83. This shows that the use of traditional Gorontalo Bilu-bilulu games can increase motivation and learning outcomes students in social studies learning.

Abstract: Due to active involvement of fetal system in regulation of amniotic fluid volume it has been identified as an indicator of intrauterine fetal status. USG has revolutionized the process of assessment of amniotic fluid thus becoming an integral part of fetal surveillance. Polyhydramnios is an obstetrical condition associated with significant perinatal morbidity and mortality. In a low resource health facility as India with poor coverage of antenatal care and malnutrition it still becomes more important to screen pregnancies for such high risk factors. The objectives of the present study were: 1. To determine the incidence of polyhydramnios by ultrasonography. 2. To evaluate its relationship with neonatal outcome. A hospital based prospective study for duration of one year. All the patients identified as having polyhydramnios according to Largest pocket diameter method. The incidence of polyhydramnios in singleton pregnancy during the study period was 1.04 %. Majority of cases (76.61%) were mild, 14.03% moderate and 9.36 % severe polyhydramnios. Congenital anomalies were present in 34 (19.88%) fetus. The commonest malformations were central nervous system 17 cases (9.94%), gastrointestinal system anomalies 9 (5.3%) and musculoskeletal 7 cases (4.1%). Anencephaly was the commonest CNS malformations. Significant association existed between severity of polyhydramnios and chances of fetus having congenital anomaly. Other fetal complications include VLBW 4.09%, macrosomia 1.75%, SGA babies 8.77%, LGA babies 9.94%, still birth 7.59%, NICU admission 20.47% , Perinatal death 16.96% and early neonatal death 9.36%. The study gives us the understanding of the impact of polyhydramnios on the fetal outcome. Our study demonstrates that careful fetal examination has to be performed when polyhydramnios is diagnosed, as congenital malformations are often associated with this condition. These anomalies if detected early timely termination of pregnancy can be done hence less physical and psychological trauma to mother.

The acceptance of antenatal care (ANC) is generally poor and inadequate in many developing countries such as Sudan. The study was aimed to evaluate the attitudes of pregnant women towards antenatal care. Methodology: Quasi-experimental study one group, conducted among 150 pregnant women attending ANC, in Al-Hawata area. Their age ranged between (15 – 49) years, in first and second trimester. The data collected by using self-administered questionnaires for literate subjects and interviewer administered for illiterate. Statistically analyzed used statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20. Finding: It was found that almost the variables such as education, number of antenatal visits, diet requirement during pregnancy has significant association with women's education, P Value =0.0001. Also the result of this study showed that there was (84 %) of study group changed to positive attitude post intervention with mean score 45.71 to 74.54. From the findings of the study periodic health education for pregnant women to raise awareness on antenatal care and minimize unhealthy cultural practices is recommended.

This study aims to determine the amount of transformer production, availability of labor, inventory of finished products, normal working hours and optimal overtime so as to obtain minimal production costs and increase company profits. The method used in this study is to use Aggregate Planning by optimizing mixed integer linear programming. The data used is the secondary data of the company, then developed with mathematical models and processing data using the help of LINDO 6.1 software. The results of the study are as follows: 1.) The optimal number of production at (normal working hours and overtime) is 141 units of product, 2.) The optimal number of workers is that there are 173 employees or companies do not need to increase or decrease the number of employees, 3.) The optimal number of finished product inventories is 69 units. 4.) The need for normal working hours and optimal overtime decreases from 201,541 to 193,755 people working hours or decreases by 4%, 5.) Optimization of minimizing transformer production costs is 4.6% or Rp. 57,661,862,889, - from Rp. 1,249,002,284,528, - to Rp 1,191,340,421,639, -.

The current study presents a case of iatrogenic mid-root perforation with a maxillary central incisor in a 59 -year-old female patient, with a history of trauma in that region. Perforations that occur in the mid-root region pose a challenge to the dentist due to inadequate access to the perforation site. Perforations also increase the chance of inflammatory reaction in the periodontal ligament. A concept for the repair of root perforations is presented using a resorbable collagen matrix which reconstructs the outer shape of the root and facilitates the adaptation of MTA. The current clinical case shows successful root perforation repair with follow up using aforementioned technique.

This paper argues that in 2007, the Chinese A-share market held a significant change in its entire progressing process. The interest rate shock in late May 2001 may be a noteworthy event causing the trend change. The paper aims to test for the trend change in real estate stock prices. Two leading listed real estate stocks were employed. Monthly series spanned the period from 1998M012014M12. Unit root, break-date and cointegration tests were conducted. Both the Perron test (in a mixed IO Model C) and the Zivot-Andrews test (Model C) were performed. A long-run memory of real estate share markets was suggested. Breakpoints occurred in March 2007. Long-run equilibrium did not exist between the stock prices. Real estate shares responded fast and independently to the interest rate shock in 2007. The interest rate shock may result in a trend change in real estate stock prices

Language teachers in India continue to struggle with effective development and successful implementation of a task-based lesson. The current paper presents a template for teachers to frame and execute language tasks to achieve desired outcomes. The paper begins with a brief discussion of tasks, and then follows a discussion on three-tier task-based learning framework, model and lesson. A teaching unit/ sample lesson is also included to illustrate the method. The sample lesson presented was developed for elementary stage students studying in schools of India. The developed plan focused on vocabulary and structures needed to make reservations in different paid establishments. Any task-based lesson primarily includes pedagogical tasks that mirror the real-world tasks. Owing to its usability outside the boundaries of the classroom, a task-based lesson becomes more meaningful and apropos to students. Such basic lesson can be used as a model to teach relevant vocabulary and sentence structures pertaining to other real world tasks including talking about clothes and fashion, calling customer care for help, other telephonic conversations etc.

Phenytoin is an Anticonvulsant mainly acts by promoting Na+ efflux or decreases Na+ influx from membranes in motor cortex neurons; stabilizes the neuronal membrane. Slows conduction velocity.Indicated in Seizures. A child of 12 years old of female patient came to pediatrics department with chief complaints of seizures not associated with fever. Generalised tonic clonic activity with loss of consciousness for 10 min and admitted in pediatrics department-II and his treatment chart was phenytoin 100mg PO OD and valproic acid 200mg – 200 mg – 200 mg Po 2tablets TID. During his second day of treatment child developed fever of 1020F and cough and to reduce the condition physician prescribed paracetamol 500mg Po BD and syrup chlorpheneramine maleate 5ml Po BD and increased the phenytoin dose 100 mg 2 tablets OD. On the 12th day of treatment child was irritable with hyperactive behaviour. Better vigilance is necessary for implementation of safe and effective treatment for each individual patient.in order to prevent serious adverse drug reactions of this drug, close monitoring drug treatment course, creating awareness, recognition of the problem and careful management of all the patients who receive medication are essential, because use of phenytoin causes Drowsiness, Fatigue, Ataxia, Irritability, Headache, Restlessness, Slurred speech, Nervousness, Nystagmus, Dizziness, Vertigo, Dysarthria, Paresthesia, Rash, Pruritus, Gingival hyperplasia (pediatric patients), Ataxia, Paradoxical seizure, Drug withdrawal seizure, Diplopia, Psychosis (high dose), Toxic amblyopia, Encephalopathy, AV conduction disorder, Ventricular fibrillation, Nausea, Vomiting, Constipation, Diarrhea, Megaloblastic (folate-deficiency) anemia, Hypocalcemia, Hepatotoxicity, Hypertrichosis, Lymphadenopathy, Purple glove syndrome, Rash, Allergic reactions in the form of rash or, rarely, more serious forms (drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, or DRESS) or anaphylaxis, Purpuric rash, Toxic epidermal necrolysis, Bullous dermatosis, Coarsening of facial features,Periarteritis nodosa,Immunoglobulin abnormalities, Altered taste sensation, including metallic taste, Peyronie disease

The social imperatives underlying the naming of the child seereer and the protocol that rules outdoor ceremony remain an original and fascinating research topic. The seereer first name has an informative character on, for instance, the geographical origin, the circumstances of birth, the date of birth, the sex, the character, among others, of the child. This study on the Seereer traditional naming system is semantically oriented to provide a better understanding of such a cultural fact. The article tries also to explore the origin of some seereer names. It also aims to study the process of the traditional way of naming of seereer people, to show how the name is given, who is entitled to give the name, then to draw up the typology of names in the Seereer culture, so as to list the social peculiarities of first names, the social factors of choice, through a decipherment of the semantic content (message to be grasped), the social value and the symbolism that the seereer first name encodes. Through the seereer first name, appears a set of things of a strong sociocultural connotation. The terminology of the Seereer names includes items with value of simulation, conjuration, prayers, etc.

The purpose of this study to determine how much influence the quality control of products and control of production machinery quality to the operational performance Types of causal associative research. The sampling technique used is probability sampling, which is a sampling technique that provides equal opportunity for each element of the population member to be selected as a sample member. The data used are primary data from questionnaires distributed to production employees from manager level to operator level. Total 150 sample members. Data analysis technique using Structural Equation Model (SEM) method of AMOS. Testing data consist of test of validity and reliability test. Test the classical assumption of normality test, Multicollinearity and Singularity test. Hypothesis Testing and Evaluation of Criteria Goodness of Fit. The test results show that there is an influence between the quality control of the product on the operational performance of the company. Estimate value 0.917 means that each increase of one unit of product quality control will improve the company's operational performance of 0.917. And there is an influence between controlling the quality of production machinery on the performance of the Company's Operations. Estimate value 0.374 means that each increase of one unit of production quality control machine will improve the company's operational performance of 0.374.

In equality in girl’s education has been a subject for many developing countries. The Kenyan government developed the policy of the re-entry of the teenage mothers to school in 2001. The policy allows teenage mothers to re-enter schools after delivery. Despite the policy being in place, very few teenage mothers have been returning to school. This study sought to find out the cultural aspects that affects the implementation of the re-entry policy of teenage mothers to school in Bungoma County. The main objective of the study was to find out the various aspects of culture that affected the re-entry policy of teenage mother to schools in Bungoma County. The critical theory by Habernes was adopted as the theoretical framework. The convergent parallel mixed method research design was used. The research population comprised of teenage mothers, student girls, head teachers, principals, Guiding and Counselling teachers, Sub County Quality Assurance and Standards Officers. The main data collection instruments were Questionnaires and Interview schedules. Questionnaires were administered to the Teenage mothers, school girls, Guidance and counselling teachers, while the interview schedule were administered to Sub County Quality Assurance and Standards Officers and head teachers. Pilot study was carried out in Trans Nzoia County. Reliability index of 0.79 was obtained. Quantitative data was coded and presented using tables and analyzed through frequency distribution and percentages. Qualitative data was organized and broken into themes synthesized to search for patterns and meaning. This study was significant for it identified various cultural factors that affected the implementation of the re-entry policy. The study revealed various cultural factors that hindered the effective implementation of the policy included, attitudes, prejudice, gender discrimination and traditional customs. There is therefore a need to address these cultural factors so as to enable these teenage mothers to reenter school.

Mobile phone usage has become an essential component of daily life. Several studies have raised concerns about the possible deleterious effects on the nervous system due to exposure of electromagnetic radiations. We aimed to study the effect of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) on the spinal cord of albino rats. In the present study twenty-four adult albino rats of either sex weighing 180-200 grams each were divided into four groups: 1 control and 3 experimental and were exposed to RF-EMR via complete missed calls of 45 seconds duration each. Both the experimental and control groups were then sacrificed and spinal cord was isolated for tissue processing. The processed tissue was then stained (hematoxylin and eosin) and observed under light microscope. Light microscopy of the spinal cord showed the cellular size of the neuronal cells was reduced in dorsal and ventral horn interneurons, their nucleus was heterochromatic. Neurons were irregular, loosely arranged, darkly stained and decreased in size. Ventral horn cells of the spinal cord showed absent cytoplasm, heterochromatic nucleus with invisible nucleoli. Dose dependency with more radiation exhibit more changes in comparison to less exposed rats. From our findings, it is suggestive to protect the population living around base stations and users of mobile handsets. For this the government and regulatory bodies adopt safety standards which minimizes the hazardous effects of mobile radiation

Global interests in both pre and post-colonial periods dominate conservation practices in Africa. The argument that human beings and their activities are the drivers of environmental degradation served as a bedrock for the formation of early-protected areas across the continent. Other stakeholders who do not necessarily bear the costs realize the huge benefits of conservation. Equally important is the fact that, in both the colonized and non-colonized geographies, replication of similar, though not identical conservation policies evolved and dominated the biodiversity conservation patterns and the current scene of policies at least in some East African countries. This paper seeks to analyze the historical incidents that triggered these countries, namely (Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Kenya) to adopt Fortress Conservation approach from the outset and unable to change under growing pressures from local and global stakeholders interested in resource use and conservation alike. To that end, the historical survey of literatures devoted to conservation practices and approaches of these countries, comparative analysis of the actual conservation policies at work, and the different interests mobilized by different actors were identified and systematically analyzed.