TVET is very cardinal to any economic development of the country. It serves to prepare learners with the skills they need to succeed in the workforce and is the candle of hope lighting the darkness of political inefficiency, poverty and human degradation. Therefore, the development of curricula content and their implementation is one of the key competences of instructors in the area of educational planning and practical training for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions in Kenya. The TVET sub-sector continues to be challenged by inflexible and outdated TVET curriculum, mismatch between the skills learned and the skills demanded by industries, inadequate mechanism for quality assurance, Low participation of private sector in the curriculum design and development. Therefore, the present study sought to evaluate the role of public-private partnership in enhancing curriculum development in TVET institutions within Rift Valley and Western Kenya Regions. Multiple case-study design was adopted for the study. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were applied to select TVET and enterprise officials respectively. Questionnaires and interview guides were used in data collection. Data collected was analyzed using Multiple Attribute Utility Theory, (MAUT) and results presented in tabular and graphical forms. It was found out industry players were not involved in the reviews and curriculum reviews was reported to be too. The frequency at which curriculum reviews were carried out was reported to be very low at 5 representing 12.5 %. The use of resource persons from enterprise in curriculum instruction is also very low at a frequency. The study also reported low donation of instructional materials from enterprises. Therefore, curriculum planners should review curriculum at regular intervals in the light of needed skills in modern industries.

Cardiac tumors are massively uncommon disease, only seven instances of primary cardiac tumor ‎found between more than 12,000 dissections. Cardiac tumors are proliferated in the ‎heart or heart valves. Cardiac tumors may be primary (benign or malignant) or metastatic (secondary, malignant). Cardiac tumors may happen in any heart ‎tissue. ‎Primary tumorsstart ‎growing ‎ in the heart, other side the secondary tumors begin in another part of the body and ‎move to the heart (metastasize). Primary tumors influence just one out of ‎‎1,000 to 100,000 individuals. The most widely recognized sort of primary heart tumor is myxoma, the greater part of ‎these are benign‎. In most cases, the tumor develops in the left upper chamber of the heart (left ‎atrium) at the atrial septum, which isolates the two upper chambers of the heart. Successful ‎treatment for ‎benign cardiac‎ tumors is typically proficient by surgery. Primary ‎ ‎sarcomas of ‎the heart are to a great degree uncommon, while ‎secondary cardiac contribution ‎inferable from malignancy is ‎relatively common‎, particularly in the ‎setting of across the board ‎metastatic disease. ‎‎ Malignant ‎primary tumors incorporate pericardial mesothelioma, primary ‎lymphoma and sarcoma. Tumors ‎that metastasize to the heart from different organs happen ‎‎100-to 1000-cases more ‎commonly than ‎primary cardiac tumors. Metastatic spread to the ‎heart has been distinguished in ‎approximately ‎one-fifth of all patients who have metastatic ‎disease with lung carcinoma being ‎the most ‎common primary tumor.‎ Successful treatment for ‎primary malignant‎ tumors ‎ is normally ‎accomplished by ‎ Surgery, notwithstanding, ‎secondary tumors less effective as total resection ‎is ordinarily ‎not ‎possible. Primary cardiac ‎lymphoma might be effectively treated by ‎chemotherapy.

The healthcare service area while providing services, curative, primitive or preventive inevitably create waste which itself may be harmful to health. It carries a higher latent for infection and injury than any other type of waste. Inadequate and inappropriate knowledge of handling of healthcare waste may have serious health penalties and a significant impact on the environment (Suwarna Madhukumar April 2012)... Insufficient and inappropriate knowledge of waste and handling of waste may have serious health complications. To determine awareness of infectious waste management among staff nurses and describes their level of knowledge, attitude and practice towards infectious waste management. A cross-sectional analytical study design was used to observe the knowledge, attitude and practice of staff nurses. A cross-sectional is that study that collects information from a population at specific time of period (Lisa B 2014). Data was collected from 50 nursing staff through convenient sampling techniques. Those who meet the inclusion criteria will be included in the study and those who don't meet the criteria were not being the part of the study. Data was analyzed through SPSS version 16. Results suggests that there was unsatisfactory knowledge among nursing staff of mayo hospital Lahore.50% of the study participants had knowledge about infectious waste management , other 50% had poor knowledge regarding waste management techniques and procedures. Red container is used for cytotoxic items. Out of 50, only twenty six (52%) study subjects answered full destruction of all cytotoxic substances require incineration at high temp up to 1200 degree centigrade.30%subjects did not comment. Participants had poor practice related to sharp items wasted only 19% participants knows yellow puncture proof container is used for sharp items. Forty two (84%) Nurses were aware about containers should be filled three quarters full and then disposed. Only 8%nurses knows Hepatitis B is greatest risk from infectious hazard.54%nurses assume that Hepatitis C is greatest risk. The attitude of the study subjects toward awareness of waste management, separation of infectious and noninfectious waste, proper disposal and implementation of rules was positive. According to my results nursing staff had poor knowledge so that their practice was also poor and unsatisfactory .they all need regular training and monitoring.

Periodontal disease, caused mainly by bacteria, is characterized by inflammation and destruction of the attachment apparatus of the teeth. Periodontitis is a multi-factorial disease with microbial dental plaque as the initiator of periodontal disease. Studies indicate that the periodontal lesion is not strictly a localized process but may lead to systemic alterations in the immune function. The present study intends to evaluate the correlation of clinical attachment level and C-reactive protein levels in smoker and non-smoker patients with chronic generalized periodontitis. A total of fifty patients were included in the study, and they were divided into two group. Group A consisting of 25 patients who are smokers and they are having chronic generalized periodontitis, while Group B consist of 25 patients who are nonsmokers and having chronic generalized periodontitis. In the study clinical parameters we checked were Oral hygiene index – Simplified (OHI-S), Gingival Index (GI), Probing pocket depth (PPD) and Clinical Attachment level (CAL). Furthermore, CRP was evaluated as well between Group-A (Smokers with chronic generalized periodontitis) and Group-B (Nonsmokers with chronic generalized periodontitis). The results showed higher OHI – S, PPD, CAL and CRP levels in Group - A (Smokers having chronic generalized periodontitis) than Group - B (Nonsmokers having chronic generalized periodontitis). GI score was higher in Group - B as compared to Group - A. Increased levels of clinical attachment level (CAL) were seen in smokers suffering from chronic periodontitis. Significantly an increased level of C - reactive protein (CRP) was seen in smokers suffering from chronic periodontitis. Correlation between Clinical attachment level (CAL) and Creactive protein levels (CRP) was very strongly positive and significant. Suggesting, as value of CAL increases, CRP also increases.

The concept of sexuality education has been a topical issue and its inclusion in the school curriculum has generated and is still generating a lot of interest in Nigeria. The controversy around sexuality education stems from the fact that most people do not have an accurate understanding of what sexuality education is all about and the benefits that could be derived from it. Sexuality education is an education and moral process designed to assist young people in their physical, social, emotional and moral development as they prepare for adulthood, marriage, parenthood and ageing, as well as their social relationship in the socio- cultural context of family and society. Functional education, a major factor in the development process, to be relevant, must help appropriately an individual to understand his/her own culture and integrate into the other cultures, foreign or local, for the proper enhancement of his/her ways of life. The objective of sexuality education is to promote the proper development of personality, sexual well-being and quality of life of the population as a whole and thus implies that its contents cover all aspects of life in society, namely economic, political, social, legal, health, cultural and spiritual, making sure that both individual and collective interests work in harmony for the goodness of individuals and the society as a whole.

HIV/AIDS is a viral malady which is causing havoc with the lives of the people in the Punjab Province of Pakistan. It has become notorious in taking away the lives of the people due to the lack of awareness on the part of the victims. The chief sources of the mass prevalence of this disease are: contaminated water, reuse of needles and syringes, carelessness about blood transfusion, lack of awareness about the use of contraceptives while having sex, and non-sterilized shaving and surgical instruments. District Faisalabad, from the central Punjab (Pakistan) was the place where this present research study was conducted. Throughout the course of this research study, multistage sampling technique was widely employed. At first stage, out of four tehsils of district Faisalabad, one tehsil (tehsil Faisalabad) was selected randomly. At second stage, out of eight towns of tehsil Faisalabad, two towns (Jinnah Town and Iqbal Town) were selected randomly. At third stage, two union councils were randomly selected from each town. At fourth stage, a sample of 25 young people was drawn from each selected union council to make an overall sample of 200 respondents. An interview schedule was developed for data collection which was divided into two parts. Individual characteristics i.e. gender, age, conjugal status was included in the preliminary part of the questionnaire. The questions related to the awareness regarding HIV/AIDS were the part and parcel of the remaining part of the questionnaire. The major findings of this study are: majority of the respondents 68.0 % were males, 56.0 % of the informants were intermediate, 48.5% were disclosed during interview that they had adequate knowledge about the preventive methods of HIV/AIDS after blood test or blood transfusion, 30% respondents had no knowledge about the preventive methods of HIV/AIDS after blood test or blood transfusion, 76.0 % were un-married, and 42.5 % were of the view that their source of sexual health information was their friends. HIV/AIDS, no doubt, is a fatal malady but can be controlled by launching awareness campaigns via mass media informing people about the preventive measures such as insisting on new syringe during inoculation, secure and safe blood transfusion, abstaining from extra-marital activities, avoiding contaminated water, and refraining from using the razor, tooth brush, and towel of an infected person.

This study explored Nigeria and South Africa relation within the context of citizen diplomacy. We collated our date from qualitative descriptive method and hence relied on secondary data. We predicated our analytical framework on the basic propositions emanated from the theory of complex interdependent. The study among others, observed that with economic advantage as the major international political issues, states and their citizens are under anxiety not to be outwitted and outcompeted in the fast growing global interdependence and thus subscribe to the rule of reciprocal relations as foundation for cooperation. The study therefore underscored the effect of diaspora in national economic development within the rubric of international rule of reciprocity; while observing the checks of domestic values and culture of host states. Focusing on Nigeria‘s diaspora defence in South Africa, the study explored the basic factors that determine Nigeria-South Africa relations especially as it concerns the contributions of the Diaspora to national development through the application of international best practice and social relations, it equally made useful suggestions aimed at strengthening the capacity of Nigeria to achieve the foreign policy goals and to provide adequate safeguards to her citizens living in foreign countries.

It is believed that Walter Benjamin‟s theory is the combination with theology and Marxism. His Messianic thought especially expressed the idea of redemption which was the critique of the industrial progress. He was trying to criticize the consumer economy which was full of powers and desires. At the same time, he believed that Messiah is from the secular world and was trying to revert it to the original world. Rita Hayworth and the Shawshank Redemption was a representative work of expressing redemption. It not only redeemed himself but also helped other people get redemption. This paper interprets the book of Rita Hayworth and the Shawshank Redemption from the perspective of Benjamin‟s Messianisim. The first part is the introduction of the book and Benjamin‟s Messianic thought. The second part is the interpretations of the three protagonists: Andy, Red and Tommy. This part illustrates the reflections of Messianic redemption thought in these three persons and the Shawshank Prison. All of them wanted to revert back the original life and freedom. The third part is about how to accelerate the coming of Messiah: the pursuit of secular happiness and the death of tragic hero. The fourth part is the coming of Messiah and getting redemption.

Part-time students are distracted by too many competing demands on their time because of work or family commitments. As a result they are not as involved as other students. This is problematic because what students gain from their college experience depends a lot on how much time and effort students put into their educationally purposeful activities. This study sought to find out challenges encountered by part-time students in selected public universities in Kenya. The study was based on student engagement theory. Data was collected from part-time students, games tutors, deans of students, officials of clubs and societies. Simple random sampling was used to select students while purposeful sampling was used to select games tutors, deans of students and officials of clubs and societies. Data was collected using questionnaires, focus group discussions and interview schedules. The analysis of the qualitative data followed the path of aggregating the words or images into categories of information and presented the diversity of ideas gathered during data collection. The study established that majority of the part-time students lacked time to participate in social activities in the universities. They spent most of their time travelling or looking for means of transport. The study further established that part-time students lacked information on the social activities in the university that they could participate in. It is hoped that the findings of the study will be useful to university management in understanding the part-time students’ social needs and satisfaction predictors so as to keep part-time students more engaged with their academic work and perform well in their examinations.

Pressure ulcers are the major problem of bed case patients in all the hospitals. There are great chances to develop pressure ulcers in those patients who are in critical condition and admitted in the hospital for a long time. Due to prolonged stay in the hospital and negligence of health care provider pressure ulcers can be developed. Prevention is better than cure because if once pressure ulcer developed it is difficult to treat. So nurses should take precautionary measure to prevent from pressure ulcers. This study mainly focuses on knowledge and practice of nurses regarding pressure ulcers prevention if nurses have accurate knowledge regarding prevention of pressure ulcers they can manage it timely before its development .Pressure ulcers can be prevented by regular assessment while providing nursing care to the patients Maggi, 2010. The absence of pressure ulcers in bed ridden patients is generally known as measure of quality nursing care and performance of practice of nurses. Assessment of Knowledge & Practice among nurses regarding prevention of Pressure Ulcer in Mayo Hospital Lahore”.

Friction is the vital aspect of Orthodontics which requires attention during all the phases of treatment, especially during the phase of space closure. In Orthodontics, space closure can be achieved by the sliding mechanics and/or the segmented arch mechanics. Though sliding mechanics is the most commonly used space closure mechanics, it has the disadvantage of generating the friction at the bracket-archwire interface which indirectly affects the desired tooth movement. Due to the universal acceptance of this type of mechanics, the role of friction in orthodontics has become the topic of interest. Thus, this article enlightens the role of friction in orthodontic tooth movement, with an approach to its clinical implication, the importance of frictional resistance, and the recent advances in orthodontics to reduce the friction.

The translation of English for science and technology (abbreviation for EST) in the internet era caters to the needs of the market and boasts a promising prospect. EST is a kind of informational text characterized by its scientific seriousness, requiring the translator to demonstrate the accuracy and logicality in translated text. Results show that the figure-ground theory can be well applied to spatial orientation analysis, temporal event analysis, and syntactic analysis. Regarding the complex sentences, Tamly put forward five principles of figure-ground theory including sequence principle, cause-result principle, inclusion principle, contingency principle and substitution principle. Taking petroleum EST as the research object, this paper applies the five related principles to the syntactic analysis of long and complex sentences with examples.

This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of the neck and back pain among students and staff of the Dental centre, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH). This study was conducted among one hundred subjects, comprising of ten consultants, eight residents, fourteen house officers, fortythree dental students, fifteen dental surgery assistants, four therapists and six technologists. Evaluation of the subjects with self-administered questionnaires was done, which comprised subjects’ biodata, posture during work, rest period at work, exercise during rest and location of pain. Pain severity was assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) (0 -10) pain scores. Fifty-eight percent of the participants were female, with male to female ratio of 1:1.34 and mean age was 30.23±8.49years. Seventy-six percent (76%) had experienced back pain with neck pain predominating in 38.2% followed by upper back pain (31.6%). There was no statistical difference between the percentage of males (76.2%) and females (75.9%) that have experienced musculoskeletal pain. According to the cadre of the respondents; 100% of residents, 90% of consultants, 86.7% of DSA and 83.3% of dental technologist have experienced musculoskeletal pain in their practice. Only 14.5% of the respondents had missed practice due to pain. Majority (49.0%) compromised their posture while working and only 9% do any form of exercise during rest period. There is a high prevalence of neck and back pain among dental professionals in this study. Years of practice, number of patients seen per day and posture plays a vital role. Hence, a review of the practice of dentistry is needed.

With this work it has been wanted to demonstrate that the reconstruction of any person, does not have limits. We have absolutely all and each of the tools to solve problems of aesthetic nature to patients. Many of these tools should be manufactured individually for a particular case. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Cosmetic Surgery should not be divorced from Maxillofacial Prosthesis. The resolution of three cases is presented with prostheses specially made for a particular person, with their own measures and forms. It will be very comforting for each person to know that they have reached the exact place where they solve their aesthetic problem with special devices built for them. We have worked together with the surgeon and the prosthetist in order to study each case and build the most appropriate device for the type of problem to be solved. A work team will be essential to achieve excellence, because it represents a new alternative of care

Systemically reviewing the topic Mandibular Third Molar Impaction and its components: prevalence, causes, classifications, complications, and managements. All studies pertaining to the topic and its components were included. Exclusion criteria were applied to exclude studies that were not PubMed indexed. The materials and methods used for this systemic review were to search in the PubMed database, using specific words "Mandibular Third Molar Impaction, Prevalence, Causes, Classifications, Complications, and Managements” and published in the English language. The articles were reviewed, 25 papers were identified in PubMed but a total of 20 papers were included in the final systemic review according to the specific keywords and materials mentioned above. The occurrence of Mandibular Third Molar Impaction can be seen in everyday routine oral surgery practice. The prevalence of Mandibular Third Molar Impaction is remarkable but varied from one study to another. Causes were investigated showing a multifactorial tendency. Classifications are very essential for diagnosing different types of impaction. Diverse Complications related to Mandibular Third Molar Impaction are possible, yet avoidable. Management was reviewed showing a verity of treatment modalities.