In an attempt our study was to assess health-related quality of life, anxiety & depression among patients with Rheumatoid arthritis. In this study demonstrates that the Rheumatoid arthritis patients evaluated were more likely to have lower Quality of Life, and high prevalence rates of depression and anxiety, the factors leading to an increased risk of depression among Rheumatoid arthritis patients included being female and older. As depression is the one of the major factor for medication non adherence ,So it could be better if Rheumatoid arthritis patients should be regularly assessed and should be monitored for accompanying anxiety and depression during follow-up, to achieve better therapeutic outcome, and to improve patient Quality of Life. We are taking Out of 50 patients, both men and women. It is a six months observational prospective cohort study conducted at King George Hospital, we have to assess the health-related quality of life in patients with RA along with Anxiety and depression in these who are patients suffering with Rheumatoid arthritis. In the data was collected from the direct patient-reported survey, and we are analysed the data by using the Microsoft excel spread sheet along with, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression HAM-D, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and we are taken informed consent forms and with proper compliance and age greater than 18 years those who are positively diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis.

Coconut oil also commonly known as Copra oil is edible oil obtained from the kernel of harvested mature coconuts of the coconut palm .In recent years this oil has attained superstardom in the health food world. Celebrities are adopting its use, nutritionists advocating it, and patients acclaiming its many virtues. A number of health benefits have been attributed to this oil. These include benefits in skin care, hair care, stress relief, weight loss and cholesterol level maintenance, immunomodulatory effects, cardiovascular uses, and more recently in Alzheimer‘s disease .However for several years, coconut oil was demonized and consumers were made to believe that coconut oil is deleterious to health as it would block the arteries and cause heart disease. The tide has turned and in recent times recognition of the positive health effects of coconut oils have emerged stronger. The use of coconut oil, especially virgin coconut oil is in vogue, though some people still remain skeptical. This article attempts to scientifically review the therapeutic benefits of this oil.

Immune activation has been proved as a significant contributing factor to HIV disease progression. Serum hs-CRP increase and albumin decrease in HIV infected individuals as a response of immune activation through cytokines. In this study we estimated serum hs-CRP and albumin levels and hs- CRP /Albumin ratio in HIV seropositive and control groups. This is a case control study having 40 HIV patients with age, sex matched 40 controls. In our study we observed statistically significant difference in serum hs-CRP, albumin and hs-CRP /Albumin ratio in HIV seropositive compared to control group (p<0.001).This made us to propose that serum hs-CRP , albumin and hs CRP /Albumin ratio can be used as prudent prognostic markers in HIV infection and predictor of mortality.

PCR has been commonly used for genomic viral diagnosis for its sensitivity and accuracy. It showed a higher sensitivity when compared to virus isolation in tissue culture and also in antigenemia detection. Definitely, DNA samples are critical factor in PCR validity. Out of 167 serum samples subjected to this study and extracted by Wizard® DNA purification mini kit, 47 samples (28.1%) were positive PCR. While, 21 samples (12.6%) only out of the same population study (167) were positive PCR for EBV DNA in native serum samples (without DNA extraction). This result was confirmed the importance of DNA extraction from serum samples for detection of EBV which, subsequently lead to more sensitive diagnostic tool of an ongoing EBV infection.

According to World Health Organization, Mosquito borne diseases are the fast emerging viral diseases in many areas of the world. Mosquito borne diseases affects in the tropical and sub tropical regions in the world (Arunachalam, N., Tana, S., Espino, F., Kittayapong, P., Abeyewickrem, W., Wai, K. T., & Petzold, M. 2010). In Rural area of Lahore Mosquito Born Diseases is a big public health issue because in the developing countries they cause a large scale of morbidity and mortality due to poverty. The aim of this study is to evaluate Knowledge, Attitude, and practices related to improve sanitation conditions of the rural community and prevention from Mosquito Born diseases. A Cross-sectional descriptive research design was used knowledge, Attitude, Practices and prevention of Mosquito Born diseases of 100 people was collected door to door through questionnaire. Age group of participants was 15-50 years old. The respondents about (97%) have awareness about mosquito borne diseases, attitude of respondents was (67%) about the mosquito born diseases and practices of respondent (56%) The knowledge of respondent regarding mosquito borne diseases was found good in spite of good knowledge the respondent have poor implementation.

In last few decades, though significant progress has been made in the treatment and control strategies of tubercular infections by introducing new diagnostic and monitoring tools and combination therapy, it still continues to be severe problem. Thus with the aim of developing novel molecule with improved potency for treating Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain infections and with decreased probability of developing drug resistance, herein we report the synthesis of isatinyl thiazole derivatives, starting from ethyl acetoacetate , by microwave organic reaction enhancement method (MORE) and results of investigations of their antimycobacterial and antimicrobial activities. Many compounds have shown promising activity while others were inactive.

The major objective of this study was to know about the efficacy of neural and spinal mobilization in patients with cervical radiculopathy and difference between the end results of both techniques. The sample population included participants with cervical radiculopathy, who followed inclusion and exclusion criteria. Simple Random sampling method was used for sample size of 30 participants. Sample design was Experimental Comparative study. This study used assessment forms, Consent forms, Examination couch, Goniometer, Visual Analogue Scale, Neck Disability Index Scale and Hot pack. Two groups were arranged including 15 participants each receiving Hot pack and Manual traction in common but Group A in addition received Butler’s neural mobilization while Group B received Maitland’s spinal mobilization. After the treatment participants were evaluated for their pain profile using VAS, their ROM using the universal Goniometer and neck disability using NDIS. Time Frame for this study and data collection was one year and the source of data was Liaquat National Hospital Physiotherapy Out Patients Department, Karachi, Pakistan. Ethical and human subject’s issues were resolved by consent forms, signed by every single participant. The results indicated that both technique produced a hypoalgesic effect as revealed by improved NDIS and decreased VAS. Both the techniques when compared with each other with respect to post treatment NDIS, VAS and ROM, showed no significance difference (VAS P= 0.222, NDIS P= 0.324, Cervical Ranges > 0.05).The combination of all findings has supported the use of both techniques in C5-C8 cervical radiculopathy.

The search for alternative protein food source coupled with the cost of affordability and the ever increasing human population has become a serious problem. This research was aimed at exploring other protein food sources than meat, using an arthropod of the class insecta, Macrotermes bellicosus (Smeathman), (termite). The nutrient content of the termite, an edible insect, and beef of the Bos taurus species was determined through various laboratory procedures including titration, digestion and distillation of the various samples. Termites used in the study triumphed over beef in terms of carbohydrate content (termites 22.4 ± 0.01, beef 1.34 ± 0.01) and there was only a slight difference in protein content of beef when compared to termites (beef 10.41 ± 0.01, termite 10.06 ± 0.01). The research revealed that beef contains more lipid (beef 25.0 ± 0.05, termite 20.0 ± 0.05), which can be detrimental to human health. Insects can be used as an alternative source of protein to effectively replace the expensive available source (meat) and solve malnutrition in the ever-growing population of mankind. There should be more enlightenment of the general public on the great benefits of insects consumption to avoid the under usage of this food resource.

The study was undertaken to find out the effects of chronic consumption of oxidized palm oil on renal handling of Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3- in Wistar rats. Twenty four male wistar rats weighing 140-160 grams at the begining of the experiment were randomly divided into four groups namely: control, fresh palm oil diet fed (fed 15% w/w fresh palm oil), photoxidized palm oil diet fed (fed 15%w/w photoxidized palm oil), thermoxidized palm oil diet fed ( fed 15% w/w thermoxized palm oil) groups. All four groups received water at libitum. At the end of twelve weeks, urine and blood samples were collected for the analyses of the concentration of Na+, K+, Cl-, HCO3-. Results showed that Plasma Na+ and Cl- concentrations in the TPO and PPO groups were significantly lower than the control (P<0.001) groups and FPO (P< 0.001 and 0.01 respectively)groups. Their (TPO and PPO) Na+ urine concentrations were however significantly (P<0.001) higher than the control and FPO. K+ plasma levels on the other hand, were significantly higher in the TPO (P<0.001) and PPO (P<0.05 and P< 0.01respectively) groups when compared with the control and FPO; but significantly (P<0.001 and P<0.01)lower in the urine. Plasma HCO3- concentration in the TPO group was significantly (P<0.01) lower than the control, FPO and PPO groups while that of PPO was significantly (P<0.05) lower than FPO. Urine K+ concentration of TPO was significantly(P<0.001) lower that the control and FPO while PPO levels were significantly (P<0.05) lower than the FPO only. In conclusion, chronic consumption of oxidized palm oil causes hyperkalemia, hyponatremia and hypobicarbonatemia.

Prior to initiation of endodontic treatment possibility of extra roots and canals should be considered. The incidence of three canals in mandibular second premolar has been found to be between 0.46-0.5%. The present series describes nonsurgical endodontic treatment of a mandibular second premolar having three canals and three roots and a mandibular first premolar having two roots and three canals. In the first case, three orifices were located and in the second case a single orifice which bifurcated into two canals in the coronal portion and then one canal further divided into two and three canals exited from the apex was seen. With good operator skill and knowledge of root canal anatomies, teeth with extremely complex root canal morphologies can have successful treatment outcome even if treated non-surgically.

This research was designed to assess the effects of oral administration of varying doses of ground Nutmeg seed on the histomorphology of the testes and the hormonal profile of thirty adult male albino wister rats weighing between 140 g and 250 g. The rats were divided into six equal groups, namely A,B,C,D,E and F. Group A served as the control and were administered only water and 100 g of rat feed; while groups B,C,D,E and F, the treatment groups, were administered varying doses (1 g, 5 g, 10 g, 15 g and 20 g/kg body weight, respectively) of the ground Nutmeg seed, mixed with 100 g of rat feed, respectively, for 26 days. The weight measurement was done every seven days. The testes were harvested immediately after sacrifice, fixed in 10 % buffered formalin, and was later made to undergo Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining method. Blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture for serum testosterone analysis. Data were expressed as Mean + standard error of the Mean and subjected to one way analysis of variance. Significance different between mean was assessed by student-New-Man-Keuls post hoc test. 95 % level of significance (P = 0.05) was used for statistical analysis and Microsoft Excel 2010 package was used for graph and error bars. The histopathological results revealed no structural defect on the testes of rats administered 1 g and 5 g of ground nutmeg. There was dose dependent alteration of the histomorphology of the testes of rats given 10 g and above. There was also persistent elevation in serum testosterone level in treatment groups B to F, compared to the control Group A. Hence, consumption of high dose of nutmeg is toxic to the testes.

This study aims to analyze the accountability process of the performance of government officials in the service of electronic Resident Identity Card (e-KTP) in Bantaeng Regency and analyze aspects that affect the accountability of the performance of government officials in the service of E-KTP in Bantaeng Regency. This research was carried out in Bantaeng Regency using qualitative approach, which is a method that has several theoretical perspectives with the type of case study. The research shows that the accountability of the performance of local government apparatus in e-KTP service at the Bantaeng Regency Population and Civil Registration Service still needs to be improved if it refers to several accountability indicators namely legal accountability and honesty, process accountability, program accountability, and policy accountability of the four indicators, indicators of local government must be able to improve the quality of the performance of the apparatus, especially from aspects of the process and program, although on the other hand there are some obstacles to the apparatus in carrying out their duties, functions and authority from these indicators. Indicators of legal accountability and honesty as well as policy accountability have run quite well, but these advantages must always be maintained in order to provide maximum service to the people of Bantaeng Regency.

Traditional medicine is the oldest form of health care system that has stood the test of time. The African continent holds an enormous resource in terms of floral biodiversity and its medicinal plants have remained a main reservoir of phytochemicals for pharmaceutical drug development. Plants used for traditional medicine contain a wide range of substances that can be used to treat chronic as well as acute infectious diseases. In Cameroon, many plant species are used as traditional medicine to treat infectious diseases, and several interesting openings have originated for further inquiry following in vitro antimicrobial activity evaluation. Typhoid fever is a systemic infection transmitted through food and water contaminated with human feces. Its causative agent, Salmonella, is a primary cause of food poisoning worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of methanol fractions of five mixtures of Cameroonian medicinal plants, Enantia chlorantha, Echinacea angustifolia, Acalypha indica, Alchemilla vulgaris, and Vernonia guineensis on strains of Salmonella typhi, thus bringing out the importance of considering Traditional medicine as an important aspect of health care delivery system in Africa. The general objective was to show the efficiency and potency profile with which Enantia chlorantha bark, Echinacea angustifolia plant, A.indica leaves, Alchemilla vulgaris plant, and Vernonia guineensis have on strains of salmonella enterica serovar typhi, first as individual extracts, then as a recipe mixture, thereby demonstrating the possible use of this mixture in the effective treatment of typhoid fever. The specific objectives was: 1) To do a phytochemical screening that will permit the identification of the plants phytochemical components, 2) To prepare individual methanol extracts of each of the plants used in the composition of the typhoid treatment mixture, and use each of these extracts to test for antimicrobial activity on salmonella typhi serotypes, and then test for any antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extract of the entire mixture of all possible combinations of all the plants and come up with possible results observed. Antibacterial assay shows us that while having antibacterial effect separately, the plants used in our recipe have a much more potent activity when associated together, and we can notice that there is an additive effect. With all the parameters put in place, we, rather than selecting either E24 or E25 as our most potent extract, decided to bring out, as our most potent extract, E30, containing the mixture of all the plant extracts (E. angustifolia, A. vulgaris, A. indica , V. guineensis and A. affinis), in its right proportion, with each plant having a role to play, and with an MBC/MIC value of 0.09.

Evaluation of the lateral ventricle in second trimester is an important indicator for normal brain development. We sought to analyze the difference in the mean fetal lateral ventricle in second trimester among the consanguineous and non-consanguineous marriages in Indian population, in this retrospective cross sectional study. Study was carried out in the Department of Radiology, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, from June 2017 – June 2018. A total of 1067 patients in their second trimester (18 – 24 weeks of gestation) were included in this study (740 Non consanguineous and 327 consanguineous marriages). Lateral ventricle measured in true symmetrical axial plane at the atria of lateral ventricle and glomus of choroid plexus, opposite to the parieto occipital sulcus. Mean lateral ventricle dimension was 6.40 mm in consanguineous marriages and 6.42 mm in non consanguineous marriages. There is no significant difference in mean lateral ventricle size in consanguineous marriages and non consanguineous marriages at this period of gestation.

Persistent Genital Arousal Disorder (PAGD) is an uncommon female sexual dysfunction that was first described in 2001. It is a condition that has been under-researched and not fully understood for so many years. Its prevalence is estimated to be between .5% to 6.7%, but it is believed to be under-reported because of the stigmatization of the disorder, as it is characterized by prolonged periods of persistent subjective feelings of genital arousal that are recurrent, intrusive and distressing, which usually subside by masturbation resulting in orgasm. These symptoms are not associated with sexual thoughts or urges, which prompted sex therapists and researchers to change its name from persistent sexual arousal disorder to PGAD. Now that we have a better understanding of its risk factors and pathophysiology, this review article will guide gynecologists, general practitioners and pelvic floor physiotherapists to diagnose, investigate the cause and treat patients with PGAD.