Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive diminution in renal function especially in normal excretory and regulatory functions of the kidney. Kidney function is assessed in clinical practice to screen for kidney diseases. It is of prime importance to evaluate kidney function as accurately as possible due to different clinical presentations during the cource of the disease which are often asymptomatic. Evaluation of biochemical markers like serum BUN, creatinine, BUN:Cr ratio and ALP could play an important role in accurate diagnosis and in assessing risk of renal failure that could assists in adopting therapeutic strategies to minimize the mortality rates associated with renal failure. Keeping in view, one hundred patients with varying degree of renal disease categorized as mild, moderate and End stage renal disease (ESRD) were enrolled in the present study. Serum levels of BUN, creatinine, uric acid and ALP were measured and analysed statistically by SPSS software. Males had higher levels of BUN, Creatinine, uric acid compared to females. Serum levels of these markers were found to increase significantly (P<0.05) from mild to moderate CKD to ESRD patients. Thus, indicating role of BUN:Cr ratio as efficient prognostic marker in diagnosis of renal failure. Also pre-dialysis and post-dialysis evaluation of these markers done in ESRD patients resulted in significant decrease in these markers following dialysis. Hence, confirming dialysis as an efficient renal replacement therapy in patients with ESRD

Benign breast diseases are common in young females in the second and third decade of life. Most common presentation is painless lump in the breast. Clinical and cytological correlation is essential for definitive diagnosis and early treatment of the lesions. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a popular technique utilized in the diagnosis of palpable masses anywhere in the body, it is sensitive and specific, expedient, economical and safe and less time consuming without much discomfort to the patient. The aim of this study is to analyze and correlate the diagnosis of breast lesions on cytology with histopathology. This is a retrospective cum prospective study which includes 468 cases of palpable breast masses. The chief complaint was lump in the breast, pain in the breast and/or discharge from the nipple. Patients’ ultrasound findings were noted. FNAC was performed by using 23 gauge needle attached to 5 ml or 10ml disposable syringe. For histopathological examination tissue was grossed and representative areas were taken and processed for slide preparation and staining. Slides were examined under light microscope and the findings were correlated with FNAC findings. The study included 468 breast masses / cases, which were diagnosed on cytology. Most of the cases in this study were in the age group 20- 29 years (157 cases). The size of the lesion varied from 1.0 cm to 7.6 cm in the largest plane, number of swellings in a single breast varied from one to eight. Largest numbers of multiple fibroadenomas (both breast) were 16 of varying sizes. Most of the lesions were noted in the left breast than right breast. The accuracy of the FNAC is 97.88 % in this study.

Over the past few years, the Persian and English translations of Quran have been studied from different standpoints throughout the centuries, Muslim and non-Muslim translators have been very concerned to convey the meaning of the Quran into languages other than Arabic. The holy Quran is a divine book and its translation into other languages must be done meticulously. In this regard, Persian and English translation of one of the surahs of this magnificent book was selected to be compared. The present study has gone through the investigation of the Persian translation of one of the surahs of this holy book “Yasin” by Dr. Elahi Ghomshei (1361) and its English translation by three famous translators Yusuf Ali (2000), Pickthall (1930) and Sarwar (2011) to see discrepancies. Also, this study tries to find out the unit of translation and classify different kinds of Vinay and Darbelnet’s procedures used by the English translators.

No matter what type of surgery you choose, you can rest assured that you are in the hands of the most experienced and skilled doctors because laparoscopic or robotics both are operated by a surgeon only. Most patients and physicians would agree that minimally invasive surgery is preferred over traditional open surgery techniques. However, sometimes patients have the choice between two minimally invasive surgery techniques: robotic surgery and laparoscopic surgery. Most surgeons and patients would agree: minimally-invasive surgery is preferable to open surgery. There’s often less post-operative pain, hospital stays are shorter and recovery is easier. Only you and your doctor can decide which is best in your case. But we need to be through on to learn the basics and what to expect with both methods. This review explains about connection in laparoscopic and robotic surgery

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women, accounting for 56% of all female tumors. it is one of the leading causes of death in female. Metaplastic carcinoma is another rare carcinoma, with incidence accounting for 3-6 % of breast carcinoma. Early treatment management has better prognosis. Aim: To detect the importance of immunohistochemistry studies in detecting breast carcinoma. Material and Methods: Among 75 total mastectomy specimens received in Sree Balaji Medical College in department of Pathology 57 cases reported as ductal carcinoma insitu, Metaplastic carcinoma 5 cases, Papillary carcinoma 10 cases and Neuroendocrine carcinoma 3 cases. Among 5 Metaplastic carcinoma cases, Immmunohistochemistry staining was done with tumor marker CD68 and CK to find the expression of the markers in tumor cell and to find rare variants in the carcinoma. Results: Out of 5 cases of metaplastic carcinoma of breast, 3 cases were positive for CD68 and CK. CD68 and CK has a sensitivity of 86% and specificity80% in detecting variants in breast carcinoma. Conclusion: Molecular genetic analysis should be done in breast carcinoma in large number of cases to know the onset of this rare variant and early treatment management gives better prognosis.

All dental procedures carry the potential for adverse events. Dealing with the sequelae of the complications and errors that arise in the course of normal practice is therefore part and parcel of a dentist’s working life. The challenges and stresses that this creates are now well recognized, although dental training has, until recently, done little to help dentists prepare for such events, and ongoing professional and personal support is limited

DNA fingerprinting as emerged to be an excellent valuable tool in the field of forensics, unique identification of person and paternity disputes and issues. Genetics are the base criteria of identification. Microbiology runs hand to hand in evaluating these scenarios by the microflora detected. This review explains about the basics, methods, sequencing and role of microbiologists and their perspective in DNA fingerprinting

Introduction: Peruvian food is diverse and has established itself as a fundamental part of the country's tourist offer, but we have not found in the literature the concentration of restaurants in Peruvian territories. Aim and Objectives: The objective was: a) to know the territories where the catering and hotel companies are located and b) to know the size of these companies. Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional, observational and retrospective study. We use the International Standard Industrial Classification version 3.0 and the database of the Peruvian Ministry of Production regarding the classification of companies from January-December 2015. Results: In 2015, the Ministry of Production of Peru registered 3700 restaurants and 545 hotels. 3054 (82%) restaurants were located in Lima, 74 (2.0%) in Callao, 61 (1.6%) in Lambayeque, 49 (1.3%) in Cusco and Ancash. 363 (66.6%) hotels were located in Lima, 16 (1.3%) in Apurímac, 15 (2.8%) in Junín, 14 (2.6%) in Cusco and La Libertad. Due to the size of the company, we found 3671 (%) and 542 (99.45%) microenterprises corresponding to restaurants and hotels. Conclusions: It is necessary to promote and improve the registration of business economic units dedicated to gastronomy and hotels, as well as to continue promoting the formalization and improvement of the quality of service of companies within the country.

There has been an exponential increase in the number of countries that have adopted offset policies as a means to develop a capable, ready and cost-effective aerospace industry. Offset transactions generates billions of dollars annually, prompting aerospace companies to increase their compliance systems and economic models (Jurgen and Paul, 2004). This purchasing and sales arrangement is used by numerous governments around the world to negotiate high-tech public procurement contracts and has also been adopted by most private organizations. This research noted that for private businesses, offsets are instrumental in establishing global development capabilities and access to emerging markets. For buyers, especially in emerging countries, offsets are a way to accelerate industry and businesses development. The main purpose of this study is to critically analyze the role of offsets and offset management within the aerospace industry. The study conducted thirteen (13) interviews with Offset Managers from most of the prominent firms in the prime contractor and supplier ranks. The key findings of this study indicate that prime contractors view offsets as a major issue for their firms but the majority of supplier companies do not have this view. Results show that offsets organizational structures follow a decentralized, narrow, and functional focus. Offset satisfying activities are well aligned to achieve the goals of the foreign governments that procure aerospace products. The study pointed out that suppliers are not fully engaged in the aerospace industry offset process. It also identified opportunities for improving offset practices in the aerospace industry. The study enhances insight into understanding buyer and seller alignment on the business and strategy; a long-term approach to the relationship; good communication and transparency; and having a single government agency responsible for offsets in order to avoid confusion, corrupt practices, and conflicting demands.

Introduction: Fallopian tube patency, morphology of the uterus and cervix can be assessed by Hysterosalpingogram. Hysterosalpingography is still a commonly used investigation in the evaluation of female infertility. Objectives: The objectives of the study is to evaluate the structural abnormalities of the uterus and fallopian tubes in infertile women. Methods: A retrospective review of 110 patient in whom hysterosalpingography was performed for infertility between Aug 2017 to July 2018 in the Department of Radiology. Clinical notes and radiological finding were analyzed for demographic data, uterine, tubal and pelvic pathology. Results: The commonest age group seen was 20-25 years. Primary infertility was commoner than secondary infertility. On hysterosalpingography 8 patients had congenital uterine anomalies. In 3 cases there is filling defect due to fibroid. Related to tubal findings among 110 patients 71 had normal fallopian tube with bilateral spillage. Conclusion: Tubal and uterine pathologies play major role in female infertility. HSG is important tool in detecting birth canal pathologies

The most important human need to be fulfilled through consumption activities as a culinary tour, this is of course the basic needs or basic needs, but human needs continue to grow in line with the development of the times and increased revenue received. Students as human beings are demanding in some things in buying food. Students as culinary tourists who demand everything in buying food, both from the quality of food products and the price of food and consumer satisfaction. The current development of food needs with a variety of shapes and flavors bought by many students, therefore various types of forms and taste of food has been offered by many economic actors engaged in culinary tourism. In enjoying a meal or meal, every student has a different way of fulfilling it, it can be by choosing a restaurant with an appropriate service and feeling satisfied after he sacrificed some money. The problems that exist in students today still have complaints about the quality of food products, prices and satisfaction. Foods that want to eat well but banged the price is expensive, on the contrary with cheap prices the students do not get good food products, so satisfaction is not found. With conditions like this, students whether to accept the existing conditions, this is what becomes interesting to study. This study will examine the culinary tours conducted by students. This study aims to determine whether there is influence of food prices purchased by students on the quality of food products and customer satisfaction among students. Tourist satisfaction as a culinary tourism consumer will be formed if the restaurant can provide quality services. Quality of service has a close relationship with student satisfaction. Quality provides an impetus to consumers to forge strong bonds with the company. Thus the company can increase consumer satisfaction by minimizing or negating the unpleasant consumer experience. The population in this study were students in West Jakarta, Indonesia. The questionnaire used multivariate variables. The sample used is Non Probability Sampling technique, the type of method used is purposive sampling. Variable measurements were performed using Likert Scale 1 - 5. Data were collected on tabulated, processed and analyzed as many as 231 questionnaires

This cross-sectional community-based study was conducted with the objective of determining the knowledge and awareness of diabetes mellitus among the general population in a metropolitan city in order to plan intervention programmes for early case detection. The respondents were apparently healthy individuals aged 18+ years, of either gender, who were residents of Thane city, Maharashtra, India. The prospective respondents were explained about the study and informed consent was obtained before they were interviewed using a pre-tested, formatted and validated questionnaire containing 20 questions (2 marks per question). A total of 255 persons (males=106; 41.57%; females=149; 58.43%) participated in the study. The gender difference in age of participants was not significant (Z=0.503; p=0.614). Significant gender differences were observed among separated and divorced respondents (Z=2.459; p=0.014); graduates (Z=2.421; p=0.015); retired persons (Z=3.896; p<0.0001) and those employed in the private sector (Z=3.308; p<0.0001). Female respondents obtained significantly higher scores in four out of 20 questions, while the gender differences were not significant for scores in the remaining 16 questions. The findings reveal moderate level of diabetes awareness. Large-scale awareness programmes would be necessary after identifying knowledge gaps

The purpose of this research is to determine the perceptions of practitioners, auditors, scholars, and students on Islamic banking and conventional banking in Palu City. This research is a qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. This research was conducted in Palu City. Informant in this research amounted to nine (9) people, consists of four people as practitioners, two students, two representatives of scholars, and one representative from the Financial Services Authority (OJK) Central Sulawesi. The results of the research are very clear awareness that from the aspect of business mechanism and object, namely anti usury and anti gambling, investment aspects namely halal while in conventional banking that is not anti usury and anti gambling, and investment can be halal or haram. Student information states that the emphasis of the concept of Islamic banks namely Islamic banking activities in accordance with the principles of Islamic law, which are based on the Qur'an and hadith. There is an awareness that the products produced by Islamic banks in addition to the form or name of the product, which are needed to be considered are the Islamic principles used by the product concerned in the contract (agreement), and not just the name of the product as conventional bank products. The research conclusions are the essence and characteristics of Islamic banks are different from conventional banks, and Islamic banks encourage people to transact non-usury or not contrary to Islamic teachings

A research was conducted to determine the anti-microbial susceptibility of some Escherichia coli isolates against common anti-microbial agents and Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) indices. The Escherichia coli isolates (n=51) obtained from cattle faeces and manure in abattoirs, cattle farms and livestock markets of Bauchi, Darazo and Katagum local governments of Bauchi state, Nigeria were screened for anti-microbial susceptibility against 12 common anti-microbial agents. The susceptibility test was carried on all the 51 isolates to determine their antibiotic resistant profiles using the disc diffusion method developed by Kirby – Bauer and standardized by the World Health organization (WHO), commercially available antimicrobial disks impregnated with the different antibiotics were then tested. The results revealed highest resistances of the isolates to Cephazolin (86.2%), followed by Sulfamethoxazole (82.4%) and Enrofloxacin (78.4%). The research also revealed that the highest level of susceptibility of the isolates to the antimicrobial agents was found against chloramphenicol (78.4%), followed by gentamycin and Imipenem with (68.6%) and Ceftriaxone (58.8%) respectively, the results further indicated 50(98%) of the isolates resistance to 3 or more of the antibiotics. All isolates showed Multi-drug resistance pattern (MDR), some among the isolates showed resistance against up to 8 antimicrobial agents belonging to 7 different groups of the antimicrobial agents. The MDR indices of E. coli strains indicated resistance against the antimicrobial agents at various levels of antibiotic groups

A total of two hundred ears of CSOM cases in different age groups & sexes were subjected to bacteriological and clinical studies in the Department of Microbiology & ENT, Patna Medical College & Hospital. The ears were further subdivided into group I where ear swabs were studies for aerobic organisms and cultural & sensitivity pattern. In group II 50 swabs were studies for anaerobic organisms and culture and sensitivity pattern. The commonest organisms isolated in group I were Staphylococcus aureus followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa while pepto-streptococci species were found in group II. Ciprofloxacin was found to be the drug of choice for most of the organisms followed by Norfloxacin,cefexime Cefoperazone & Gentamycin