Blood Transfusion is a life saving procedure but it involves the risk of transmission of certain diseases like HIV, HBV, HCV, Syphilis and Malaria. So, the donated blood is screened in the blood bank for the above diseases. A survey of the reactivity of the above disease was done at Government Royapettah Hospital for the years 2014 to 2018

This study seeks to analyze how cartoons depicted Kenyan political scenario during electioneering period from April 2017 to April 2018. The objectives of the study is to find out how Kenyan electioneering period was framed in political cartoons through the use of metaphors a clear picture can be constructed by performing a content analysis that reveal what type of frames were dominants and which kind of metaphor were used. An analysis of 24 cartoons from four major print media that is The standard, Daily Nation and the Star between April 2017 and April 2018 portraying Kenyan election period was analyzed in order to find out which frames were prominent during the Kenyan political period and to evaluate metaphors that cartoonist used to pass out the message. A deductive approach with possible frames predetermined as variables to verify the extent to which these frames occur in the news was used; therefore five frames distinguished are: conflict frames, human interest frames, responsibility frame, economic consequences frame and morality frame were used. Giles theory of conceptual blending where metaphorical scenario and frame are combined was used to analyze 24 political cartoons. Responsibility frame was the dominant frame. The metaphorical scenario of a fight was the most recurrent metaphor used in the cartoons of Kenyan election period. The findings of this research show that political leaders are responsible for igniting and ending political crisis in Kenya. The study will contribute on research about framing as visual metaphors and provide a contribution towards an analytical tool for cartoons.

This study analyses the profile of blood donor such as their age, sex, educational status and socio-economic status, their willingness for repeat blood donation. The blood donors who came to donate blood at blood bank, Govt. Sivagangai Medical College in the year 2018 were the sample population of the study. This analysis will help in implementation of steps to convert voluntary blood donor to routine repeat blood donors which will reduce the scarcity of blood

A comparative analysis of endothelial cell loss was done after manual small incision cataract surgery and phacoemulsification with 50 patients in each group in a tertiary care eye hospital in India. Follow up was done upto 8 weeks for visual acuity, mean endothelial cell density, corneal thickness and change in hexagonality. Analysis was done on TOPCON- 3000P specular microscope. Males and females were equally distributed mainly in 51-60 years of age group. The visual acuity in group A (phacoemulsification) was 6/6 in 68% patients while in group B it was 6/6 in 40% patients. There was more decrease in mean endothelial cell density in group A (phacoemulsification) 4.24% vs 3.87%. Corneal edema occurred in both the groups initially but was not statistically significant. The overall loss of hexagonal cells is not statistically significant between phacoemulsification and manual small incision cataract surgery. All through our study, there was more corneal edema, endothelial cell loss and decrease in hexagonality in phacoemulsification group. However, the difference was not statistically significant. Hence, both the surgeries are safe pertaining to corneal endothelial health

Introduction: Aoritc Augmentation indexes (AIxs) and pulse wave velocity (Pwv) are arterial stiffness parameters. They can be studied by pulse wave analysis noninvasively. Before use, AoAix and Pwv need normative baseline study to find the predictors. However the data about arterial stiffness from rural population of Andhrapradesh is still undetermined. Method: Pwv and AoAix was measured in the carotid-femoral pathway in 1235 rural inhabitants of Nellore district and clinical parameters were recorded. Result: Pwv was greater after the fourth decade of life (8.12 ± 1.5) than in youngers less than 40 years. The Pwv was higher in hypertensives of older than 40 years, diabetics and dyslipidemic patients. Major positive significant predictors of PWV were age, Body Mass Index, and systolic blood pressure; whereas for AIx was age alone. Conclusion: This is the first study conducted in 1235 subjects of rural population of Nellore district which determines the relationship of Pwv with age and other risk factors. Pwv shows a lower in subjects less than 40 years compared to older persons with a strong relationship to the process of arterial aging, the development of hypertension and cardiovascular risk. This baseline data can be used as a reference for future studies.

Fungal corneal ulcers usually difficult to diagnose and treat especially in primary and secondary hospital level and abrupt use of antibiotics and steroids lead to resistance to treatment. Our study realized that while treating a recalcitrant deep fungal keratitis in combination with intrastomal injection of voriconazole along with use of topical voriconazole eye drop increases the healing rate and hastens the resolution period without significant complications leading to severe visual loss as compared to the treatment with use of topical voriconazole eye drop alone

Ultrasonography is a widely used imaging technique that has many clinical applications. Most hospitals will offer women at least 2 ultrasound scans during their pregnancy. The first is usually at around 8 to 14 weeks and is sometimes called the ‘dating scan’ because it can help to determine when the baby is due. Anomaly scan is an ultrasound scan that is carried out around weeks 19 to 20 of your pregnancy. Neural tube defects are abnormalities that occur in the development of the spinal cord and brain in the fetus. This scan aims to identify any physical problems with the baby. During the anomaly scan, we can identify the neural tube defects. Exorbitant choice sonography has improved it practical to picture the developing embryo and analyze fetal anomalies previously the twentieth week of pregnancy. Contingent upon the kind of neural tube defects distinguished, early end of the pregnancy might be thought about. The sonographer, just as the whole obstetric gathering, should be cognizant that there's a range of conditions with different discoveries related to a neural tube defect. Learning and awareness of these conditions will make an examination and control less demanding

Aim: The present articles involves the investigation of anticlastogenic activity of ethanolic extract of bael fruit (Aegle marmelos). Acute toxicity study was conducted as per OECD guidelines up to 2000mg/kg body weight. Methodology: Anticlastogenic activity was investigated by two models viz, micronucleus test and chromosomal aberration method using mice. In micronucleus assay model the bone marrow was extracted form various groups of animals, staining was performed and the slides were scanned under oil immersion(100X) in LAbomed-Digi 2 microscope (90V-260V), for the presence of micronucleus in PCE (Polychromatic Erythrocytes) and NCE (Normochromatic Erythrocytes). Results: In chromosomal aberration model the animals has been sacrificed from all the groups and bone marrow was collected, processed and different types of aberrations like chromosome breaks, exchanges, rings and minute were recorded. In micronucleus assay, there was a significant (P<0.001) increase in the % MNPCE and decrease in P/N ratio in cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg, i.p.) treated animals when compared with normal control animals. In chromosomal aberration test, there was a significant increase in total no. of chromosomal aberrations (rings, exchanges, breaks and minute) in cyclophosphamide treated animals when compared with normal control animals and it was time dependent. Bael fruit extract were found to be non mutagenic and significantly (P<0.001) decreased the cyclophosphamide induced formation of chromosomal aberrations. Conclusion: Based on the present empirical evidences the ethanolic extract of bael fruit was found significant anticlastogenic activity

Aim: To evaluate muscle relaxant property of Cuminum Cyminum in albino rats. Methodology: This is an experimental study conducted at Department of Pharmacology, Dr. S. N. Medical College, Jodhpur (Rajasthan) on albino rats to find out the muscle relaxant property of Cuminum Cyminum standard drug was diazepam. Adult albino rats of either sex (100-150g) were divided into 3 groups. Group I consisting of 6 animals, served as control and received distilled water. Group II subdivided into three groups II-A, II-B, II-C, consisting of six animals each, received Cuminum cyminum in three doses of 300mg, 750 mg, 1000mg per orally respectively. Group III subdivided into three groups III-A, III-B, III-C, consisting of 6 animals each, received the standard drug in three doses per orally. Result: Cumin were tested as muscle relaxant and compared with diazepam as standard drug. P- value for fall-off time was not significant in all the three doses of Cuminum cyminum. Fall-off time was decreased by 0.70%, 0.91%, 2.40%, respectively with all the three doses of Cuminum cyminum. Conclusion: Skeletal muscle relaxant property of Cuminum cyminum aqueous solvent extract was not significant. It may be because extract got heat thermal degradation so it may be lost some of its property. According to some studies and animal models cumins alcohol solvent extract is having muscle relaxant property while it is having relaxant property for tracheal smooth muscle

Objective: This study was carried out to determine awareness and willingness to eye donations among undergraduate medical students. Methods: A cross sectional survey was done at Al-Nafees Medical College Islamabad during the months of March to July 2018. Total 250 students were enrolled by applying simple random sampling. A self administered structured questionnaire was applied for data collection. Data was entered and analyzed by using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS version 23). Results: Out of the selected 247 students, 124(50.2%) were male and 123(49.8%) were female. 234(94.7%) knew about eye donations and 106(51.8%) knew that cornea is transplanted into the receiver’s eye. Only 32(13%) knew about eye banks in Pakistan whereas only 67(27.1%) students were agree to donate their eyes. Conclusion: From the current study it was concluded that most of the medical students were aware of eye donations but they did not know the further detail of eye donation and majority was not ready to bestow their eyes

Behçet’s disease is a systemic vasculitides, characterized clinically by recurrent mucocutaneous lesions but vital organs may by affected like central nervous which can increased the morbi-mortality especially among young patients. Infliximab, is a promising therapeutic approach for this disease especially in those with manifestations refractory to the standard immunosuppressive therapy. We report 3 cases of refractory neuro-Behçet’s disease with a dramatical clinical improvement under infleximab

Introduction: Von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) is a multi-systemic disease characterized by abnormal multiplication of blood vessels, with haemangioblastomas and cysts, as well as other neoformations in the blood Several organs. We report the case of a patient; we try to put the point on this pathology. Case Report: 14-year-old patient, consults for a BAV of the OD whose examination finds an intra vitreous haemorrhage,retinal capillary haemangioma and a lower exudative retinal detachment. The patientreceived an IVT of anti VEGF initially followed by an endocular surgery. Postoperative visual acuity was not improved with a follow-up of 6 months. Discussion: The clinical definition of VHL disease is based on the presence of two major lesions, one of which is hemangioblastoma. The absence of family history, or a single injury in the presence of a family history. Complementary examination is based on angiographyto fluorescein. Complications can range from simple exudates to DR or even phtyse of the globe. The treatmentis essentially based on argon laser coagulation, cryotherapy, anti-VEGF and retinovitealstage of complications. Conclusion: VHL is a hereditary disorder with multi-systemic involvement, hence the interest of an examination complete follow-up, regular monitoring and genetic counseling in any patient suspected of having the diseaseas well as his family

Although each drug causes unique physiological and neurological effects, all drugs overlap in one important way, All drugs cause changes in the brain, some in ways that may be long-lasting or even permanent. These brain changes can have significant effects on mood and cause depression, ultimately lessening a person's ability to lead their best and healthiest life. Your brain regulates all the body's basic functions, including every breath and each heartbeat, while enabling you to interpret and respond to experience. It shapes thoughts and emotions and determines your behavior. Despite some commonality, the short- and long-term health effects of drugs are distinct, with each one potentially affecting life spans in a different way. Opioids include heroin and prescription pain relievers such as oxycodone, hydrocodone, codeine, morphine and fentanyl. All members of the same chemical family, these drugs interact with the opioid receptors on nerve cells in both the body and the brain. Out of everyone who tries heroin for the first time, nearly one in four become addicted. Repeated heroin use changes the physical structure Wang, X et al., (2012) and physiology of the brain, creating long-term imbalances in neuronal and hormonal systems that are not easily reversed Ignar, D. M et al., (1990) & Kreek, M. J et al., (1984). Studies have shown some deterioration of the brain’s white matter due to heroin use, which may affect decision-making abilities, the ability to regulate behavior, and responses to stressful situations Li, W et al., (2013), Qiu, Y et al., (2013) & Liu, J et al., (2011). Heroin also produces profound degrees of tolerance and physical dependence. Tolerance occurs when more and more of the drug is required to achieve the same effects

Replantation of the avulsed tooth immediately is the ideal emergency management. Accounting for about 0.5-16% of injuries caused by trauma in the permanent dentition creates a strenuous situation for the patient and dentist. Its prevalence is more common in children with maximum cases occurring in ages between 7 to 9 years old, when the development of root is incomplete and also the maxillary central incisors are the most common site involved, thus creating a negative psychological impact on the child as well as the parent owing to esthetic reasons. Therefore, esthetics and function of the avulsed tooth can be restored by immediate or delayed replantation. In the present case report we will discuss the management of an avulsed tooth in a 21 years male patient in maxillary anterior region. In this case after 18 months, replantation of avulsed tooth was successfully achieved even it has to be replanted in unfavorable conditions. The tooth was asymptomatic, firm and radiographically no signs of resorption or infection were observed.

The article is devoted to the study of the issues of determining the patterns of air pressure losses along the length of the pneumatic conveying pipeline for raw cotton, with different flow parameters and different diameters of the pipeline.