Background: Para-prosthetic leakage (PPL) is a significant complication following mechanical prosthetic mitral valve replacement, potentially impacting patient outcomes. The choice of suturing technique, continuous or interrupted, plays a pivotal role in determining the frequency and severity of PPL. Objective: To compare the frequency of para-prosthetic leakage in patients undergoing mechanical prosthetic mitral valve replacement using continuous versus interrupted suturing techniques. Methods: This observational study was conducted at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, from September 2015 to August 2017. A total of 40 patients requiring mitral valve replacement were included and randomly divided into two groups: Group A (continuous suturing, n=20) and Group B (interrupted suturing, n=20). Baseline demographic and clinical data were recorded. The primary outcome was the incidence of PPL, assessed by transthoracic echocardiography at one month postoperatively. Results: The mean age of the patients was 37.3±11.5 years in Group A and 40.2±11.1 years in Group B. Mild PPL was observed in 15% of patients in Group A and 10% in Group B, a difference that was statistically nonsignificant (p>0.05). PPL jets in both groups were predominantly mild and clinically insignificant. The continuous suturing technique was associated with significantly shorter cross-clamp (57.8±22.4 vs. 77.5±18.6 minutes; p<0.05) and bypass times (105.9±37.3 vs. 134.7±33.2 minutes; p<0.05) compared to the interrupted technique. Conclusion: Both suturing techniques demonstrated comparable rates of para-prosthetic leakage, with a slight, nonsignificant trend toward reduced PPL in the interrupted group. However, the continuous suturing technique provided the advantage of reduced operative times. Further large-scale studies are recommended to validate these findings.

This paper investigated the Spanish retail diesel market for evidence of asymmetric price adjustment and rent-seeking following changes in crude oil prices. The study used the nonlinear autoregressive distributed Lag (NARDL) modeling framework and monthly time series data for the period January 2005 to December 2015. The results indicate that Spanish diesel market is fraught with sluggish speed of adjustment, which is typical of markets witnessing uncompetitive pricing and other irregular behaviours by retail firms. The results further indicate that Spanish diesel market is bedeviled by the problem of short-run asymmetric price transmission from crude oil markets, which is consistent with the rockets and fathers effect. Further still, we find that retail firms in the Spanish automotive diesel markets may be exploiting the tax system to conceal rentseeking behaviours. This paper therefore supports policies that will encourage continuous monitoring of the market for irregular behaviors since the observed problems have antitrust and consumer welfare implications.

Background: Colon cancer is a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with increasing incidence, particularly in high-risk populations. Early detection through screening, such as the Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT), can significantly reduce morbidity and mortality. FOBT, which detects microscopic blood in stool, is a simple, cost-effective, and non-invasive method. Screening programs using FOBT are especially valuable in high-risk populations, though their effectiveness in different groups remains under study. Aim of the study: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of screening FOBT in the early detection and prevention of colon cancer by analyzing its role in influencing treatment outcomes and adverse effects. Methods: This retrospective observational study, conducted at the Department of (Name), (Name) Medical College and Hospital, Saudi Arabia, included 500 patients aged 40 and older who underwent FOBT screening for colon cancer between March and October 2016. Data were gathered from electronic medical records (EMR), covering demographics, medical history, FOBT results, follow-up procedures, diagnosis, treatment plans, and outcomes. Inclusion criteria were patients with complete records and FOBT screening, while exclusions included those under 40, incomplete records, and those not screened. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, with results expressed as means ± SD and frequencies/percentages. Result: The majority of patients are aged between 40 and 69, with a significant portion (30.0%) aged 50-59. Male patients make up 60% of the sample. Notably, 40% have a family history of colon cancer, and 20% have a history of polyps. The FOBT test was positive in 20%, with 10% showing precancerous lesions and 12% diagnosed with cancer. Treatment predominantly involves surgery (9%) and chemotherapy (4%). Most patients (78%) have no disease post-treatment, though complications occur in 10%. Conclusion: According to our study findings Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT) is effective for early colon cancer detection, identifying precancerous lesions and various cancer stages. With a 20% positivity rate, FOBT led to timely colonoscopies, improving patient outcomes.

Pap smear is a screening procedure to detect precancerous lesions to prevent subsequent invasive cervical cancer. Manual Liquid Based Cytology (MLBC) has been developed as an alternative to Conventional Pap Smear (CPS) as it is said to increase the rate of detection of precancerous lesions as it reduces the screening time, the artefacts, giving a clean background on the smear. In this study, cervical screening was performed in all married women of reproductive age group who visited Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology over a period of one year from February 2017 to January 2018. Out of which 350 cases were randomly selected for comparison between CPS and MLBC. Slides were examined for cytomorphological parameters. CPS showed higher percentage of inflammatory lesion 80% as compared to MLBC with 46.1%, Unsatisfactory smear in CPS was 10% and in MLBC was 49%, Normal smear was reported in 07% cases in CPS and 3.15% in MLBC. Most common cause of unsatisfactory smear in CPS is obscuration by blood and inflammation whereas that in MLBC was scant cellularity. The cellular features are better in MLBC as compared to CPS and also background is more clear in MLBC as there was no obscuration by RBCs or inflammatory cells while in CPS, the background is dirty due to the presence of RBCs, necrosis and inflammation

Background: Maternal body mass index (BMI) is a significant determinant of neonatal outcomes. Both underweight and overweight status before or during pregnancy may lead to adverse birth outcomes, including low birth weight (LBW), macrosomia, and neonatal complications. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) and Sibchar Health Complex, Madaripur, from August 2017 to July 2018. A total of 140 pregnant women were enrolled. Maternal BMI was classified based on WHO standards, and birth outcomes including neonatal birth weight and complications were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22, and correlations between maternal BMI and neonatal outcomes were analyzed. Results: In our study, 17.9% of mothers were underweight, 46.4% had normal BMI, 25.0% were overweight, and 10.7% were obese. Low birth weight was most prevalent among underweight mothers (60.0%), whereas macrosomia occurred more frequently in overweight (11.4%) and obese mothers (26.6%). Neonatal complications, including hypoglycemia (22.9% in overweight; 40.0% in obese), respiratory distress, NICU admission, and birth injury were notably higher among neonates born to overweight and obese mothers. A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between maternal BMI and neonatal birth weight (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study highlights a strong correlation between maternal BMI and neonatal birth weight and complications. Both low and high maternal BMI are associated with increased neonatal risks. Proper antenatal care and maternal weight management are crucial for improving perinatal outcomes.

This is an empirical paper that investigated public-private partnership as a panacea for infrastructural development in Nigerian Universities using the University of Maiduguri as a case study. The paper had an objective and corresponding research question. Survey research was adopted for the study. A sample of 80 respondents was selected using simple random sampling techniques out of the population of 100. A questionnaire was design by the research and validated by expert. The reliability of the instrument was tested using test- retest and a reliability coefficient of 0.79 was obtained signifying that the instrument was reliable. Data gathered was analyzed using descriptive statistic of frequency counts, percentage, mean and ranks. The finding of the study was that public private partnership has significantly improve students accommodation/hostels. The study concludes that public private partnership has improved infrastructural development in the University of Maiduguri. The study recommended among others the needs to encourage public private participation.

Background and Aims: Heart Failure (HF) is a multi-faceted and life-threatening syndrome characterized by significant morbidity, mortality, poor functional capacity, poor quality of life and associated high costs. Anemia is a frequently encountered comorbid illness in heart failure. It develops due to the complex interaction of other associated comorbidities like chronic kidney diseases (CKDs), diabetes mellitus, hypertension, micronutrient deficiency and blood loss disorders. Hence, this study was aimed to find out the prevalence of anemia and associated factors among patients with heart failure at tertial care hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was conducted Department of Cardiology July 2017 August 2018 among consecutively selected 200 patients at BSM Medical University Hospital. Socio-demography, clinical features and laboratory parameters to evaluate anemia were obtained. Ethical clearance was taken from the Institutional Review Committee of institute. Collected data was entered in Microsoft Excel and analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23. Frequency, mean, percentage were calculated and chi square test at 0.05% level of significance was used to find the association. Results: The prevalence of anemia was 65%. Out of 200 patients, majority had iron deficiency anemia (40%), followed by anemia of chronic disease (10%). In this study population, majority (98%) of patients were above age more than 40 years of age and the mean age of the study participants was 65.4±12.5 yrs. More 104 (52%) were male. Among the various religion 87% were Muslim, Hindu (12%) and 1 % other ethnicity. Majority of the study population (61%) were illiterate. 60 percent had iron deficiency without anemia. Female patients 144 (72%) and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 60 (30%) had significantly higher prevalence of anemia (p value <0.05). Conclusions: Nearly two third of heart failure patients had anemia among which iron deficiency anemia was the commonest. Female and patients with COPD had higher prevalence of anemia.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common bacterial infections encountered in clinical practice, which cause morbidity in both hospitalized and out patients. Increasing antimicrobial resistance among bacterial uro-pathogens is a significant health concern. Approximately 1 in 3 women will require antimicrobial treatment for a Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) before age 24, and 40% to 50% of women will have a UTI during their lifetime. UTIs in male patients are considered complicated. Escherichia coli are the most common cause of UTIs. To determine spectrum of microorganisms responsible for UTIs and their antimicrobial sensitive pattern. Clean-Catch midstream urine of the patients was collected. Urine samples received in microbiology laboratory for culture from 881 patients clinically suspected of having urinary tract infection during the study period were processed according to standard protocol. Isolates were identified by conventional phenotypic methods and antibiotic sensitivity determined by standard Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method and follow Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. In this study 191 (21.68 %) patients out of 881 were shown to be urine culture positive out of them 122 (63.87%) females and 69 (36.13%) males. The most isolated bacterium was E. coli with frequency rate of 126 (65.97%). The other bacteria were Klebsiella spp. 35(18.32%), Pseudomonas spp. 18 (9.43%), and Acinetobacter spp. 12 (6.28%). It is concluded that Gram-negative bacilli were responsible for UTI infections in our patients. The most common isolated bacteria from urinary tract infections were E. coli followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae. The most effective antimicrobial agent was Imipenam and the least effective one was cephalexin.

The proliferation of artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning workloads has intensified demand for Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) resources in cloud computing environments. Multi-tenant infrastructures, particularly those leveraging Kubernetes orchestration within OpenStack platforms, face critical challenges in efficiently sharing GPU resources while maintaining fairness across diverse tenants and workloads. This paper investigates intelligent GPU scheduling and fairness mechanisms tailored for multi-tenant AI workloads in Kubernetes–OpenStack environments. Building upon recent advances in container orchestration and GPU virtualization, this study examines the architectural integration of Kubernetes device plugins with OpenStack Nova and Ironic GPU management components. The analysis explores fairness versus performance trade-offs, evaluating how priority-based queuing, workload-aware preemption, and policy-driven scheduling impact training latency, inference throughput, and cost efficiency. Through comprehensive examination of existing GPU sharing techniques, virtualization approaches, and scheduling algorithms, this research identifies critical design considerations for achieving balanced resource allocation. The findings reveal that hybrid scheduling approaches combining time-slicing with spatial partitioning, coupled with adaptive fairness policies, offer superior performance isolation and tenant satisfaction compared to static allocation schemes. Furthermore, the integration of capacity-based resource models with dynamic workload profiling enables fine-grained quality-of-service (QoS) guarantees essential for latency-sensitive inference tasks while maximizing utilization for batch training workloads. This work contributes to the growing body of knowledge on GPU resource management in containerized cloud environments and provides practical insights for deploying fair and efficient multi-tenant AI infrastructures.

The purpose of any blood/ blood product, when needs to be transfused to any patient, must be a safe one. For that reason, mandatory screening for diseases like HIV, HBV, HCV, Malaria & syphilis are done in all the authentic blood banks in Odisha. Conventionally screening tests for these diseases are usually done by rapid tests/ ELISA tests. During last few years to lessen the window period of these diseases, more advanced test modality like NAT (Nucleic Acid Testing) has been introduced in some transfusion centers in India. The present study has been done to find out the benefit & limitation of the NAT test over ELISA test. The study has been carried out over a period of two years in VIMSAR, NAT center of Odisha where all ELISA negative samples are subjected for testing. Some seronegative cases in ELISA when subjected to NAT testing showed positive results. The percentage of positive samples in NAT which have showed negative in ELISA test was found out to be 0.08% in HI, 0.27% in HBV &0.01% in HCV. NAT Screening may be beneficial in the population where sero-prevalence of Transfusion transmitted infection is high. Although NAT has got an added advantage of reducing the window period, all the blood centers of India cannot afford for the cost of NAT test, so proper donor deferral should be adopted during selection of eligible donors.

Lifelong learning is a central concept in higher education for promoting the nurses’ professional development to be able to adapt to the continuously evolving healthcare environment. Furthermore, a review of the literature established that the nursing profession in Egypt faces many challenges and has been significantly underdeveloped in professional terms over the last three decades. A literature search was conducted using EBSCO host, CINHAL, Medline and Pro-Quest utilizing keywords such as work-based learning, and preregistered nurses. This review focused on qualitative studies published in Egypt and the wider Middle East region from 2008 to 2018. Searches were limited to English language publications and peer-reviewed articles. Joanna Brigg Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist tool for qualitative research was used for quality assessment for eligibility. The review included six published articles. These studies focused on different forms of WBL among undergraduate nursing students. Burnard’s thematic analysis method was used to analyse the extracted data. The data analysis revealed five main themes in relevance to the two outcomes. The review found that the learners’ transition to a new learning method and the readiness inadequacy are two main challenges. On the other hand, the review revealed that increasing interpersonal skills, promoting self-directedness and enhancing critical thinking abilities are the major effects of WBL. The findings stress the importance of WBL as an active learning approach. Although WBL forms a challenge for learners, they later realize and value the importance of WBL in improving their critical thinking abilities and promoting selflearning skills.

Staphylococcus Aureus is responsible for two main clinical presentations in humans: suppurative infections and toxigenic syndromes. In this work, we report a case of a young patient with necrotizing pneumonia caused by staphylococcus aureus producer Leukocidin of Panton and Valentine which presents a special entity in staphylococcal toxigenic syndromes, owing to the fact that it affects healthy immunocompetent subjects, and that its escalation is extremely fast in time and in the diverse territories of the world.

Cybernet is a great tool and instant form for communication. With the rising popularity of Cybernet communication applications such as instant messaging, blogs and social networking sites amid students, the Cybernet has become a significant social aspect of their development.According to a research published in a special issue of American Psychological Association (APA), spending a lot of time on the web can have both negative and positive effects on young people in terms of their social life, emotional state of mind and health.With the advancement of technology, time spent on Cybernet is rising among today‟s youth. To assess the behavioral pattern of cyber net usage among Nursing students. To assess the behavioral pattern of cyber net usage among Management students. To compare the behavioral pattern of cyber net usage between students of Nursing and Management Institutes. To find the association between perceived influences of cyber net usage in terms of Behavioral pattern with the selected demographic variables. A descriptive survey study was carried out on first year nursing and management students of various nursing and management institutions in Jaipur city.

Dengue is one of the most serious mosquito-borne viral infections affecting tropical and subtropical countries in the world. Since there is no immune prophylactic or specific antiviral therapy available, timely and rapid diagnosis plays a vital role in patient management and implementation of control measures. The present study was planned to diagnose the dengue infection by detecting dengue NS-1 antigen & to study the seroprevalence of dengue NS-1 antigen. Dengue NS-1 antigen testing done by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed during July-2017 to September-2018 and the data were analyzed retrospectively. A total 3397 serum samples received from Guru Gobindsingh Hospital (O.P.D. & Indoor) for the detection of Dengue NS-1 Ag. Out of 3397 samples, total 841 (24.48%) were Positive for Dengue NS1 Ag among this, 548 (65.16%) male and 293 (34.84%) female. And 307 (36.50%) were 0-20 years of age, 448 (53.27%) were 21-40 years of age and 86 (10.23%) were >40 years of age. Present study shows that dengue fever is seen more in 21-40 years of age group and more common in male compare to female. Effective implementation of vector control measures through efforts toward vector breeding source reduction and with the use of personal prophylactic measures against mosquito bites will help in reducing the dengue prevalence in the community.

Background: Prolonged hospitalization can intensify mental and emotional distress, adversely affecting patient recovery and well-being. Objective: This study evaluates the mental and emotional impact of extended hospital stays on patients in a Saudi Arabian hospital context. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the inpatient unit of Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Hospital, Nursing Department, Dammam, Saudi Arabia, from June 2017 to June 2018. One hundred patients admitted for over ten days were assessed using validated psychological tools, with data analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Among of 100 patients, 72% (n=72) exhibited moderate to severe anxiety, while 65% (n=65) showed symptoms of depression. Emotional distress was identified in 80% (n=80) of participants, with 45% (n=36) experiencing severe distress. Additionally, 68% (n=68) of patients indicated that confinement and isolation significantly contributed to their distress levels. Among those with limited family support, 85% (n=34 out of 40) reported higher levels of anxiety and depression, compared to 61% (n=37 out of 60) among those with regular family interactions. Statistical analysis confirmed a strong association (p < 0.05) between prolonged hospitalization and adverse mental health outcomes, with isolation and lack of support being key contributing factors. Conclusions: Prolonged hospitalization substantially affects mental and emotional well-being, underscoring the need for tailored mental health interventions in long-term care settings.