The endodontic preparation of curved and narrow root canals is challenging. Aggressive preparation of the root canal with rotary file systems may result in canal transportation and excess removal of dentine, a major reason for poor prognosis of root canal treated tooth. The purpose of the present study was to compare the canal transportation and centering ability of Rotary ProTaper Next (PTN) and HyFlex EDM file systems using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in curved root canals. Forty extracted human mandibular first molars were mounted on acrylic blocks. Specimens were divided into two groups: Group PTN (ProTaper Next) and Group HF (HyFlex EDM). Mesiobuccal canals were instrumented with ProTaper Next and HyFlex EDM rotary files. Pre-instrumentation and Post-instrumentation scans were performed using CBCT under similar conditions. Canal transportation, centering ratio and volume of the dentine removed were evaluated at 3 cross-section levels; 3-mm, 6-mm and 9- mm from the root apex. The data were statistically analyzed and the level of significance was set at p ≤ 0.05.Canal transportation was seen minimal with HyFlex EDM (0.021±0.009) at 3mm from the apex and maximum with ProTaper Next (0.028±0.021) at 9mm from the apex. Mean centering ratio was lower for HyFlex EDM to ProTaper Next at all levels. Both Pro Taper Next and HyFlex EDM systems shaped the canals with adequate centering ability and minimal canal transportation. Hyflex EDM better maintained canal centricity but the difference was not statistically significant.

Abstract: Neuroinflammation, mediated by the reactivity of the system of cytokines, accompanies the flow of amyloidosis in Alzheimer’s disease, alongside with disturbances in the work of central departments of the olfaction analyzer. Therefore, it is advisable to determine the reactivity of the cytokine system in the brain sections of elderly rats (neocortex, hippocampus, olfaction bulbs, hypothalamus, caudate nuclei) under the conditions of the bulbar effect of β-amyloid peptide aggregates. The content of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 in the brain sections of the rats having the age of 18 months (n = 24) that are being studied was determined 5 days after the intrabulbar injection of the suspension of β-amyloid peptide 40 (Amyloid β Protein Fragment 1-40, Sigma-Aldrich, USA) in the bidistilate or the solvent itself. It has been shown that the initial level of activity of the cytokine system (intact animals of the control group, n = 8) in the brain sections that are tangent to the olfaction analyzer (neocortex, hippocampus and olfactory bulbs) is probably lower in comparison to other parts (hypothalamus and caudate nucleus) of elderly rats. Intraubulbar injection of β-amyloid peptide 40 aggregates to elderly rats (experimental group, n = 8) increases the activity of the cytokine system in the brain structures distant from the spot of injection (neocortex and hippocampus) responsible for memory mechanisms. It has been determined that the reactivity of the cytokine system in the neocortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus is higher not only in response to the specific toxic effects of the β-amyloid peptide 40 aggregates (experimental group, n = 8), but also due to surgical intervention with the injection of solvent alone (comparison group, n = 8). It has been generalized that the low content of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in phylogenetically younger parts of the brain (neocortex, hippocampus) of intact animals corresponded to increased reactivity of the cytokine system under the influence of exogenous β-amyloid peptide 40.

Exchange rate is an important macroeconomic variable that economic planners, policymakers as well as governments all over the world monitor very closely. This may be because volatility in exchange rate is capable of putting an entire nation in an acute state of disequilibrium. In Nigeria, economists and other stakeholders have continued to make relevant efforts to restore normalcy/stability to the nation’s exchange rate that has been subjected to severe rate of volatility in recent years. The Nigerian industrial sector remains a potentially viable alternative amidst the incessant widespread calls for diversification of the Nigerian economy. As such, it is not against conventional wisdom to say that since industrialisation may involve importation (of raw materials), exportation (of finished goods) or both; one may not be wrong to expect a link with exchange rate. Therefore, this study investigated the relationship between exchange rate volatility and industrial sector performance in Nigeria using quarterly time series data spanning from 1980Q1 to 2016Q4. The researchers relied on the use of OLS multiple regression technique for analysis while exchange rate volatility was generated using Exponential Generalised Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (EGARCH). The result showed that exchange rate volatility is inversely related to industrial sector performance (using industrial sector contribution to GDP as a proxy) in Nigeria. Furthermore, trade openness was observed to have a negative sign (though statistically insignificant) while exchange rate and interest were also found to be strong and significant positive drivers of industrial sector performance in Nigeria. Following the findings, the Nigeria government and other stakeholders are advised to hasten efforts to arrest the perennial fluctuations in exchange rate in the country in order to stimulate expansion of productivity in industrial sector.

The Private Hospital is a Charity Health Business owned by Private Business. The BPJS (the Social Security Organizing Body)procedure that must be carried out by the hospital is quite complicated and the lack of information for BPJS users, such as nurses inpatient rooms must always monitor the ceiling limit limit of BPJS rates and the difficulty of referring to other private hospitals. This study uses a descriptive quantitative approach. Data analysis of this study uses multiple linear regression analysis which is processed using the SPSS for Windows program. The sampling technique in this study used proportionate stratified random sampling and samples were 64 employees. The results of this study are reward, policy and and wages have a significant effect simultaneously on the employee performance in Private Hospital Surabaya. Second, the most dominant variable influencing employee performance in Private Hospital Surabaya is wages variable

According to the development trend of the transportation industry and rapid economic growth, China has carried out strategic layout and planning routes for the transportation industry. The National Development and Reform Commission have also issued a number of documents that promote the construction of a modern transportation system, and promote transportation projects such as railways, waterways, airports, and urban transportation. Besides, it continuously invests large amounts of money in companies in the transportation industry. The mission of companies in the transportation industry is of great importance. It can be seen that China’s transportation industry is at a stage of rapid development, and it has received strong support from the government. Nevertheless, it still has a long way to go. To improve the transportation infrastructure of the nation, companies in the transportation industry must strive to improve their corporate performance. This paper empirically investigates the impact of factors such as financial factors, internal operations, and corporate growth on the corporate performance of listed companies in the transportation industry, with the aim of helping listed companies in the transportation industry to develop a sound corporate strategy and conduct standardized and effective management to improve corporate performance. This paper selects data of 42 listed companies in the transportation industry from 2012 to 2016, and utilizes the fixed effect model that controls heteroskedasticity to analyze influencing factors of the corporate performance of listed companies in the transportation industry. Empirical results show that core ratio, return on personnel, long-term debt ratio, and quality of staff positively influences the corporate performance of listed companies in the transportation industry. Factors such as operation cost ratio, managerial cost ratio, size, and delay ratio have a negative impact on the corporate performance of listed companies in the transportation industry. Policy implications are proposed accordingly.

The existence in a country of groups of people that radically differ in culture, population and ethnicity may almost always generate fears of domination of minority groups by the majority groups. This paper examines the legal and political steps taken by the Nigerian Government to protect the interests of minority groups within its borders. Efforts have been made to discuss such steps as: state creation; fundamental human rights; federal character; resources derivation, allocation and utilization; and commissions set up to carter for the welfare of the minority groups. A brief discussion of minority questions on international plane is, also, undertaken. In order to achieve the above stated goals, reliance has been placed on the Constitutions of Nigeria 1979 and 1999, statutes, judicial authorities, international legal instruments and practical experiences. This is followed with recommendations and conclusion

The study measured the impact of exchange rate to financial remittance in Nigeria for the period 1990 to 2016 using the traditional ordinary least square method for estimation. Also, empirical and theoretical evidence from Nigeria. Africa and the continent was compared. The analyses of the OLS regression showed evidence that real effective exchange rate positively and significantly impacted on financial remittance in Nigeria. Similarly, estimates from the ordinary least square model provide evidence to show that exchange rate also positively significantly impacted on other macroeconomic variables such as money supply but negatively to economic growth under the period of the study. The result points to the fact that the macroeconomic variables and financial remittance in Nigeria if well managed can engineer the Nigerian economy to greater growth.

The study on business ethics practices in organization: A key to sustainable development in selected banks in south east Nigeria was motivated by the need to provide solutions to the problem of sustainability and business ethics practices in organization: key to sustainable development in banking industry in south east Nigeria. The study set out to accomplish the two specific objectives from which appropriate research question and hypothesis were postulated. The study adopted survey design. The population of the study was staff of selected banking industries in Abia state, Anambra state, Ebonyi state, Enugu state and Imo state in South East Nigeria. A sample size of 337 staff was determine from the total population of 2148 population using Taro Yamani sampling technique. The hypothesis were tested using regression analysis with the aid of statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20. The major findings of the study were that ethical value has a significant positive effect on sustainable development of an organisation. There was a significant positive relation between customer loyalty and sustainability of an organization. The study recommended that the top management should invest in human capital in the area of modern banking system and that because of globalization on the job training has to gain way to out sourcing for best practices in global banking industry

The purpose of the study is to find out whether there is a long-term and shortterm influence of the development of the Islamic capital market on economic growth in Indonesia. The data used are monthly data from January 2011 to December 2017 with Islamic stock variables, Islamic bonds (sukuk), and Islamic mutual funds as independent variables, as well as economic growth as the dependent variable. This research uses longterm relationship and error correction models to see the existence of short-term relationships. The results of this show are the significant positive influence between corporate sukuk, the Jakarta Islamic Index and Islamic Mutual Funds on Economic Growth in Indonesia. Whereas in the short term there is no influence between corporate sukuk, the Jakarta Islamic Index, and Islamic Mutual Funds on Economic Growth in Indonesia. Based on the results of the study, it can be implied that Islamic capital market is able to become an alternative capital to increase economic growth in Indonesia with long-term analysis using ECM.

Ileal perforation is a common complication of Typhoid in developing countries other causes includes tuberculosis, trauma, and enteritis. Non-traumatic perforation is a challenge for surgeons because of considerable morbidity and mortality. This study tried to evaluate the etiology and clinical outcomes of surgical management for all the cases of non-traumatic ileal perforation. This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Naganoor, Karimnagar. Inclusion criteria were all the patients above 15 years undergoing surgery for ileal perforation. Excluded patients were those with appendicular perforations, peritonitis, and traumatic perforations. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria of 21 male and 17 female patients were included in the study. A thorough clinical examination of the patient including vital signs, abdominal distension, guarding and tenderness was done and noted. The laboratory investigations included Hemoglobin, BT & CT, and serum creatinine. Chest X rays, ECG, Blood culture and WIDAL tests were done to diagnose patients with typhoid. Results: In the present study out of 22 male patients 17 were diagnosed with typhoid perforation and 5 were a non-specific perforation. In the 17 females, 15 were diagnosed with typhoid perforation and 2 were non-specific perforations. The surgical approach for the management included primary closure in the total of 25 (64.10%) male and female patients followed by Ileostomy in 8 (20.51%), Ileo Transverse Anastomosis in 4 (10.26%) and resection anastomosis in 2 (5.12%) of cases. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the present study it can be concluded that typhoid ileal perforations are common in the group of patients reaching our hospital. The operative treatment for intestinal perforations should be based on several factors including operative findings. Early surgery with skilled surgeons and good postoperative care will result in reduced morbidity and mortality.

The purposes of this research were to investigate the implementation of screencast o matic integrated with inquiry learning for improving students’soft skill which focused on developing students’ self-confidence in speaking English and to investigate the interaction occured among variables. Quantitative research method was used with true experimental design in order to achieve the aims of the research. Semester IV students of English Department of Muslim Nusantara Al-Washliyah University were chosen as the sample of the research and divided into 30 students for experimental class I and 30 students for experiment class II. The data found was anlayzed by applying ANAVA (General Linear Models), normality test (one sample Kolmogorov Smirnov) and homogeneity test (One way Anova) with SPSS 22 IBM for Windows and MS. Excel in order to explore score obtained from each formulated indicator. The finding showed that the implementation of screencast o matic using inquiry learning significantly develops students’ self-confidence, eventhough there was no interaction occured between students’ self confidence and speaking with Sig> 0.05. The obtained data showed that developing self-confindence through screencast o matic integrated with inquiry learning with Sig > 0,05 (0,776 > 0,05). In short, the students’ speaking skill taught with screencast o matic sofware was higher, but students’ self-confidence was not developed by that software as students were a bit hard to adapt using screencast o matic software that never be used by them in advance.

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of lifestyle and price perceptions on purchasing decisions or guest decisions to stay at a hotel. The population is guests staying at the Patra Jasa Semarang Convention Hotel, with a sample of 98 respondents. The sampling technique in this study uses purposive sampling sampling method. The analytical tool of this study uses multiple linear regression where previously tested its validity and reliability. Test results show that lifestyle is proven to influence guest decisions in defense, and price perception has a positive influence on the decision to stay

Economic development of a village will be successful if there is participation from entrepreneurs who are expected to create jobs. Entrepreneurship is a development potential that can drive the economy of a village, therefore, it is very necessary to empower the businesses that are expected to be able to develop the potential of the village through innovation and creativity. So that this can be achieved, it needs support from various parties and one of them is a Village-Owned Enterprise (BUMDesa). BUMDesa is intended to strengthen village income, increase business opportunities, reduce unemployment and at the same time become the motor of the village economy. The existence of MSMEs with BUMDesa is supposed to go together, this is because if the economy wants to advance then the small businesses owned by the community must be supported by advanced and organized management. In addition there are other factors that can support the success and sustainability of a business, namely human resources. As a business manager, it is required to have an entrepreneurial spirit, where the spirit of entrepreneurship can be formed through the world of education and non-education and this is the duty of universities to provide supplies and motivate graduates to become entrepreneurs.

Abstract: Management of heart disease complicating pregnancy in a tertiary care centre is a great challenge to obstetricians and cardiologists. To know the maternal perinatal outcome of heart disease complicating pregnancies so that the quality of treatment in a tertiary care centre can be improved. Cardiac disease in pregnant women most commonly due to RHD, CHD, less commonly due to ischemic heart disease or cardiomyopathy. Though the frequency of RHD has decreased worldwide but still in developing countries like India, RHD is predominant. Admission of heart disease in pregnant women is approximately 30 of 2278 total deliveries from the month of june2018 to august2018 in MGMGH. The purpose of this study is to analyse all heart diseases in pregnancy and to characterize the clinical course, treatment and perinatal outcome in antenatal and postnatal women. Details of all antenatal or women less than 6 weeks postpartum admitted to MGMGH in the month of june to august 2018 were reviewed. Obstetric data included gestational age at the time of delivery, type, indication , location of delivery, congenital , rheumatic heart disease, operated , newly diagnosed were categorised depending on the major system involved. Out of 2278 deliveries from june2018 to august2018 in MGMGH, Trichy, 30 were heart disease complicating pregnancy. Rheumatic heart disease and congenital heart disease were more common. Operated congenital heart disease was also more common. Postnatally most of them required ICU monitoring and management. Incidence of Postpartum cardiomyopathy was very less in this study. Early anticipation of complications and close monitoring in the antenatal and perinatal period decreased maternal morbidity and mortality.

The paper dwells on the concept of Barakah (blessing) reiterating its origin and the position of the Prophet as the most blessed of all the creations. The concept of Barakah as explored in the paper belongs to Allah who allots it to His creatures according to His will and mercy. The paper focuses mainly on how the companions of the Prophet acquired the Barakah of the Prophet. Reference is made to authentic Prophetic traditions on how the companions of the Prophet yearned for the blessing in his hair and in the fragrance of his sweat. The companions had also contested for leftover water of his ablution in order to gain Barakah. It is in the light of this that that the paper discusses the emphasis of the Glorious Qur’an and the Sunnah on the relevance of the barakah of the Prophet in averting the wrath of Allah as well as the effect of the blessings of the Prophet on food and water. As states in the paper, strict compliance with the teachings of the Prophet accorded the companions of the Prophet his blessings. The paper recommends to the Muslims the need to believe that the Prophet is a mercy to mankind and his blessing could be acquired through invocation of blessing on him and compliance with his teachings.