This present article is dedicated to the study of tense and modality in Kwame Nkrumah’s speech delivered in May 1963 at the meeting of African Heads of States and Governments. Indeed, during this historic occasion, Nkrumah has made use of tense and modality to express his point of view related to the validation of the predicative relation, to the assessment of African states situation, to the creation of African unity and to the consequences that might result from this unity. Furthermore, he has expressed his commitment, his determination and made suggestion and given advice to mark a break of the situation they were enduring.

This study aims to determine the effect of Transactional Politics in the Election of Regional Heads in Gorontalo Province. The purpose of this study is to see political transactions occurring among party elites or political actors, their influence on party administrators in making choices for regional head candidates and the sociological impact of political transactions on voters. The method used in this research is descriptive method with a qualitative approach and with correlation analysis techniques. Data collection uses questionnaires, interviews, and observations. Based on the results of the research that has been done, it can be seen that there is a significant influence between the effect of transactional politics on voter behavior in the Election of Regional Heads. This political scenario has an impact on the voting community in determining candidates for regional heads, this is because party sympathizers sometimes have party emotional ties, sometimes also have emotional ties figure. Regional head candidates who have been determined by party elites have a strategy to influence voters to also practice political transactions with voter citizens or party sympathizers. The sociological impact on society from this transactional political practice, especially for voters who have low knowledge about political situations and conditions, is dilemmatic in determining candidates for regional head because it is influenced by psychological pressure both party and material doctrine.

Coastal Zone Development requires a focused and sustainable star strategy so that the success of a regional planning is largely determined by the regional development strategy. The purpose of this study is to determine the development strategy of the coastal area of the city of Makassar. This research method is located at the Makassar City Spatial and Building Office, with the consideration that it is necessary to carry out research to find out actually based on documents and interviews as well as direct observation to the Tallo River Strategic Area and North Reclamation Area. This study uses a qualitative approach. The results showed that the strategy for developing the northern coastal area was designed for the center of maritime activities and as a disaster mitigation effort but in addition to being a permanent reclamation area, conservation efforts were still considered. strategic areas that are directed and designated as areas that provide strong control over the stability and balance of the environment of coastal ecosystems. The Tallo River region has a strategic direction as an area that provides potential raw water sources, an area designated as a Strategic Energy Center with high sensitivity and complexity as a city energy center. the development strategy of the coastal region of Makassar City shows that the northern coastal region is designated as a center of maritime activities and also as a disaster mitigation effort in urban coastal areas.

The use of irrigants is an important part of endodontic treatment .The aim of this study was to evaluate the current trends and selections in irrigation among Arab dentist. A standardized questionnaire about irrigants used during root canal treatment distributed to Arab active dentist, the questionnaire comprised questions about irrigant selection, irrigant concentration, smear layer removal, and use of adjuncts to irrigation. This study took place in department of restorative dental Sciences, AlFarabi College for Dentistry and Nursing, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between May and July 2017. In this study sodium hypochlorite was the most used irrigating solution among respondents (97.6%) followed by saline (54.2%) and chlorhexidine gluconate (43.6%). Only 28.4% of respondents used the highest concentration of sodium hypochlorite. Antibacterial capability was the main reason for irrigant selection (64.1%) followed by tissue dissolution (29.6%). It has been concluded in this study that sodium hypochlorite was the most used irrigating solution among Arab dentists and there was common use of saline as irrigant. The majority of Arab dentists routinely aim to remove the smear layer during irrigation of root canals and less than half of Arab dentists used adjuncts to activate the irrigation of root canal system.

Strengthening Character Education is a program implemented by Muhammadiyah Elementary School in Gorontalo Regency needed in order to develop and support a character education strengthening program implemented by the central government and regional governments. The Gorontalo community always prioritizes moral values that lead to the development and fostering of community character. In the implementation of education having this philosophy is also used as a basis for standing. To encourage students' understanding of character development, what needs to be done is the application of character based education. The implementation of moral values applied in the School has a very close relationship in realizing human beings to have good personalities. Character education is an education that develops the noble character of students by practicing and teaching moral values and civilized decision making in relation to fellow human beings as well as in relation to God. The application of character-based education requires a character-based curriculum. To implement moral values for students so that they can realize the goals of character education by integrating into the curriculum, teaching staff, facilities and infrastructure, facilities, environment and learning.

This paper looks at the family from a Christian perspective within the contemporary society. Beginning with the biblical design of marriage, the author uses descriptive research design to discuss what the family is, describe what Christian marriage is and its purpose. She also examines the teaching of the Bible concerning marriage, the roles and responsibilities of both the husband and wife, the relationship between children and parents, and parents as role models in the home.

This study is aimed at analyzing the factors that influence the Islamic banks financing in Indonesia. Inflation, exchange rates, exports, consumer confidence index and third party funds are used as dependent variables while Islamic bank financing is a dependent variable. Financing is limited to working capital and investment financing for the period of January 2015 to December 2017 distributed by 13 Islamic commercial banks and 21 Islamic business units operating in Indonesia. The analysis method used is multiple linear regressions. The simultaneous testing shows that inflation, exchange rates, exports, consumer confidence index and third party funds have a significant effect on Islamic bank financing. The partial testing shows that only exchange rates and third party funds have a positive and significant effect on financing. Variation of all dependent variables can affect the dependent variable by ninety-eight percent.

There is controversy over the use of mobile phones in schools not only in Zimbabwe but globally. The present study sought to explore the perceptions of parents and secondary school teachers towards the use of mobile phones in urban secondary schools. This study was qualitative and it employed a case study research design focusing on selected secondary schools in Marondera Urban, Zimbabwe. A combination of purposive and convenience sampling were used to select research participants who comprised of 30 parents and 10 secondary school teachers in Marondera Urban. Face to face semi-structured interviews were the main data gathering tool for this study. The findings of this study found out that both teachers and parents were certain of the benefits of the mobile phone as a pedagogical tool but they expressed reservations towards the use of mobile phones by learners in secondary schools. Teachers indicated that they mainly use mobile phones to communicate with the parents and not necessarily during the teaching process. Both parents and teachers were afraid of the potential negative consequences on learners‟ progress that could result from the abuse of mobile phones. The researchers therefore recommend that school administrators, parents, teachers and also other interested stakeholders should find ways of allowing the use of mobile phones in secondary schools as well as coming up with relevant policies to guide the use of the mobile phones in order to avert abuse of mobile phones.

This article endeavors to find out the distribution of the university academic staff in teaching and administration by gender in order to establish how promotions to higher academic ranks and appointments to administrative responsibilities were distributed across gender in Kenyan institutions of higher learning. The theoretical framework which guided this study was based on patriarchal ideology and the implied gender-based division of labour and how it has caused women's absence at top levels of educational teaching and management. The design of the study was mainly descriptive, employing oral interviews and documentary (content) analysis. The participants were drawn from two public universities: the University of Nairobi and Kenyatta University. These two universities were purposively selected for the study. Much of the information that was elicited through the interviews was transcribed into written texts by merging the notes taken and the recordings made during the interviews into a single coherent? These data were then organized, examined for completeness and relevancy, and then analysed qualitatively. The study found out that Women not only enter into the teaching profession at the university in small numbers but they also obtain promotion much less frequently compared to their male colleagues. Even where they are found in large numbers, their proportions are much lower than those of male academics. In addition, female academics are usually clustered in the faculties of Arts, Social Sciences and in Education. The common factor among these disciplines is that they lead to careers which have traditionally been known to attract women. The findings also revealed that few women academics have administrative responsibilities. The study results show that socio-cultural values and beliefs coupled with historical factors and the university administration, among other factors, have led to gender inequalities in Kenyan public universities. These factors have also led to the marginalization of women in the family, the school and the workplace. Thus to improve the female occupational status and representation in all sectors of life, this study calls for drastic changes in the Kenyan society to deal with customs and prejudices which have existed for a long time to the detriment of women.

This study aims to evaluate the empowerment of teacher working groups (KKG) in increasing the professionalism of primary school teachers in Gorontalo District. This study uses a context, input, process and product evaluation model. This research included evaluative research using the CIPP model. The study population was 50 pengurusa and members of the KKG in Gorontalo Regency, and all of them were used as research subjects. The research data was obtained through questionnaires and interviews. The results of the study showed that context evaluation, through group empowerment, was carried out by communicating and consulting activities related to the preparation of work programs and planning programs to improve teacher professional competence. Evaluation of input, showing understanding of the objectives of the KKG activities reaching 92% and activeness of members at each KKG activity reaching 95%, work programs that become priors are activities related to learning administration, Process Evaluation, Implementation of the KKG involves the active role and support of principals, supervisors the education office provides the opportunity for teachers to take part in the KKG and gives permission to use school facilities as a means. Product Evaluation, achievement of learning administration is expected to improve to support teacher professionalism and learning effectiveness. Products produced from KKG activities are 80% the products that are produced are used to increase professionalism and improve student learning outcomes.

This research took the title of effect of anxiety and disposition on student mathematics learning achievement in medan state 28 junior high school, Indonesia. In this study, anxiety and disposition as independent variables and mathematics learning achievement as a dependent variable. Anxiety when learning mathematics owned by students tend to be influenced by the image of mathematics lessons that are already famous scary. This is because students recognize mathematics subjects are difficult subjects and complicated, so it triggers the fear of students to learn math and resulted in anxiety when faced with mathematics subjects. Contrary to that, mathematical disposition is a change in the tendency of students to see and behave towards mathematics, and to act when learning mathematics. For example, when students can solve non-routine problems, their attitudes and beliefs as a student become more positive. The more mathematical concepts are understood, the more sure the students that mathematics can be mastered. Mathematical disposition can also be interpreted as a desire, awareness and a strong dedication to students to learn math and carry out various mathematical activities. Based on the theory, that there are many factors that affect student's mathematics learning achievement. In this study, researchers took the two factors above, namely anxiety and mathematical disposition. This research takes place in medan state 28 junior high school which is located at North Sumatera. The research method used in this study is a quantitative method with a sample of all students class VIII which each class average amounted to 35 people. The data taken are questionnaires, using Pearson Correlation analysis, Spearman Correlation and Kendal's tau. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 21 for Windows software tool. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that: (1) there is no influence of anxiety on student learning achievement. Or in other words, student learning achievement is not at all affected by the student's anxiety in facing examinations, especially in mathematics; (2) there is an effect of disposition on student learning achievement. Or in other words, student learning achievement is influenced by the disposition attitudes that students have in mathematics learning; (3) simultaneously, anxiety and disposition are proven to have a contribution to influence student achievement, although individually, anxiety does not affect student learning achievement.

The use of the internet brings information resources closer to students so that they can easily access information from various sources. The purpose of this study is to analyze the information needs of students SMP Islam Athirah 1 Makassar on information sources available on the internet. The basis of this study used is a survey study that examines the role of the internet as a medium of information for students of SMP Islam Athirah 1 Makassar. Whereas the type of research is quantitative. The number of sample members for this study were 162 students, who came from Class VII = 77 students and Class VIII = 85 students by means of proportional stratified random sampling. The results of this study indicate the level of internet use of students at Makassar Islamic Middle School 1 in the category of frequent access both in terms of the type of information and facilities offered all based on respondents' needs for information related to science, information needs of students have different portions. But the tendency is more in need of information relating to science than the need for entertainment information. In seeking knowledge students prefer website facilities rather than choosing information facilities to exchange knowledge information in the form of e-mail.

This study examines the extent of eligibility of dhimmi to assume the leadership of an Islamic country. The problem of the study lies in removing the requirement of Islam in the head of a Muslim country; and the extent of the eligibility of members of non-Muslim minorities to hold this office. I wanted from this study to explain the Shariah view and look into authorities of each opinion; and additionally, the position of the Palestinian law for a non-Muslim to lead a Muslim country. The aim of looking at these authorities and discussing them is to reach to the Islamic view which is in line with the Shariah provisions, and to explain the extent upon which the Palestinian law has granted religious minorities this right. The study adopts inductive approach in getting the opinions and authorities; and the study then follows the analytical approach in analyzing these views and authorities and came out with comfortable strong evidence. I started by explaining the nature of Islamic political system and that it is discretionary branch of Shariah. The study further addressed views on the ruling of leadership of dhimmi in Islamic countries, which ranged between two views: The first view and the holders are the vast majority of scholars and thinkers; they say it is prohibited. And the second opinion which is the view of some contemporary thinkers and scholars where they say dhimmi is allowed to lead Muslims. And after studying both views and their authorities the study preferred the prohibition of leadership of non-Muslim on Muslims, and this is based on the principle of justice and there is no violation of values, principles and foundations of citizenship. Finally, the Palestinian Basic Law does not require specific religion for the presidential candidate of the state.

The role of university today is to greatly contribute in the development of Start-Up Business in accordance with its capacity as an intellectual source through the formation of the students’ atmosphere into a reliable entrepreneur in the future. The strategy is to create an entrepreneurial atmosphere in the university through a business and technology incubation model development that focuses on start-up business based on the creative economy sub-sector. The purpose of this research is to strengthen the incubation institute of the business and technology in the university with the approach of model and method of work, the development of business incubation program, and also to produce tenants of start-up business in the university. The result of this research found that there is effective model of business start-up development in university through an ideal and effective business incubation that is replicated and implemented by other universities. The next finding in establishing an entrepreneurial atmosphere model is through a start-up competition program among universities.

This study aims at determining the impact of four determinants: market intelligence, competitors intelligence, technological intelligence and strategic intelligence on the innovation of marketing communication activities in Saudi service organizations. These determinants called competitive intelligence. Determining the statistical differences in the levels of innovation and competitive intelligence in the survived organizations are objectives of this study. The research population consists all of large Saudi companies working in the service sector in the year 2016 which are commercial banks, telecom companies, insurance companies and private hospitals. The full survey method is used. The number of survived companies reached to 67 companies. The study approved that the competitive intelligence and its determinants are key sources of innovation in marketing communication activities. The study also find that there are no statistical differences in the level competitive intelligence while the differences in the level of innovation is approved. Finally, the study recommended some implications to improve the levels of competitive intelligence and innovation in Saudi economy.