This case report concerns a patient, presented unusually with an ulcero proliferative parotid tumor; diagnosed histologically as polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma. (PLGA) Its rare association with a collision tumor of squamoid sebaceous carcinoma; arising from overlying adnexal elements is previously unreported. Controversies in the histological diagnosis of this entity; particularly in relation to its prognosis are emphasized and discussed, drawing comparison of similar tumors occurring elsewhere.

Nigeria is presently facing serious security challenges and instability that threaten our existence as people of one destiny. This article examines the important roles agriculture can plan in ensuring our national security. Vocational agriculture is a skill acquisition training programme for youth to be self-employed and self-reliance in agricultural production for empowerment. In addition, democratic principles and rule of law must be enshrined in our political life for equity, fairness and justice. The roles of agriculture in ensuring national security are in the areas of reduction in rural- urban migration, youth unemployment and growth in industry. One major cause of insecurity and instability in a nation is the mass movement of unemployed youths to the urban Centre’s in search of jobs. They easily become available tools for use in promoting insecurity. If these youths are well trained in vocational agriculture, with basic skills acquisition in the various disciplines of agriculture and given the necessary assistance, they can be self-reliant. This will drastically reduce rural-urban migration, thereby creating an enabling environment for effective participation in nation building and development: therefore security is guaranteed. The purpose of this article is to examine how agriculture can be used as a tool in solving the problem of insecurity in Nigeria which can bring about a lasting peace thereby leading to national development. Some of the ways agriculture can help in reducing insecurity challenges can be training the youths in modernized faming, farm produce processing, farm produce systemized storing, farm produce packaging and farm produce distribution. For this to be achieve the government must seriously look into the Fulani herdsmen activity and agricultural policies that are not favorable to the farmers. The SWOT Analysis of agriculture in Nigeria would be used for analyzing and discussing the strength, weakness, opportunities and threat of using agriculture as a tool for solving security challenges in Nigeria.

Bone is the host to many diseases. Diagnostic biopsies of bone lesions are generally done in two forms i.e. Percutaneous core needle biopsy or open surgical biopsy. Core needle biopsy is initial method of tissue diagnosis in bone tumours. To study the adequacy and accuracy of core needle biopsy in diagnosing bone lesions. To establish definitive diagnosis of bone pathology. The study was conducted in department of pathology, MNJ Cancer Institute and TB & Chest hospital, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad. A total of 53 cases were analyzed prospectively for a period of two years from October 2015 to September 2017. Female to Male ratio was 1.1:1, Average age 3 to 70 years. Out of 53, 26 cases were primary malignant bone tumors, 12 were metastatic deposits, 10 were benign tumours (9 -Giant cell tumors,1- osteo chondroma) 2 were chronic osteomyelitis,3 were not adequate. In 26 cases of primary malignant tumours 10 - osteosarcoma, 6 - ewings sarcoma, 4 - chondrosarcoma, 2 - plasma cell neoplasm, 1 case was high grade NHL, 1 - chordoma, 1 synovial sarcoma,1 germ cell tumour. Adequacy rate (94.6%) in our study is in concordance with the similar study of Amit Joshi et al., (2013) where adequacy rate was 92%.present study is also in concordance with study of Logon et al with adequacy rate of 97.8%. It has demonstrated that the Core needle biopsy is a safe, easy, and effective technique for the evaluation bone tumours, with a high rate of diagnostic yield and accuracy.

Chlamydia trachomatis is a bacterium that can only replicate in human cells and is recognized as an infectious agent of sexual and perinatal transmission. The objective of this research is to Investigate antibodies of the IgM and IgG classes against C. trachomatis in the serum of patients of both genders with clinical suspicion of Chlamydia infection in the population of the city of Queimados, Baixada Fluminense region, Province of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Antibody detection was performed in the serum of 55 patients of both genders. The kits used for diagnostics were: Chlamydia trachomatis IgG ELISA antigen purified reactive MOMP antigen, serotype K for IgG and C. trachomatis kit (IgM) ELISA method for IgM. Total incidence rate was determined in 51%, being more frequent among women. There was no significant association between C. trachomatis infection and the age of the patients. It is recommended to perform routine tests for the laboratory diagnosis of this pathogen in order to avoid the evolution to more worrying health conditions

Toxoplasmosis, a parasitic infection with a worldwide distribution, is caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. This infection can lead to serious health problems when the organism is contracted congenitally or reactivated in immunosuppressed patients. This study included a systematic review and meta-analysis to comprehensively assess the seroprevalence rate of Toxoplasma infection in immunocompromised patients in Turkey. Electronic English and Turkish databases [PubMed, ISI (Web of Knowledge), Google Scholar, Scopus and local databases (Turkish Citation Index and Council of Higher Education (CoHE) thesis center)] between January 2007 and January 2017 were systematically reviewed. Analyses of seroprevalence estimates were pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis. A total of 34 publications, comprising 114496 individuals, were included in the meta-analysis. The most commonly used methods for screening toxoplasmosis in publications were CLIA (chemiluminescence immunoassays) in 13 studies and ELFA in 7 studies. In 4 studies, no information was available about the used serologic methods.

The definition of health expanded to include mental wellbeing, and during the current difficult times in the Middle-East in regards to economics, politics and all the health issues it results in, the need for a better mental healthcare is of grave importance. However, the field of psychiatry is culturally-dependent on factors that might interfere with its goals. The main need is to eliminate stigma towards mental health services facing the progression of mental healthcare services. To minimize public stigma towards mental health treatment and to improve the acceptance of people with mental health problems in order to attain the highest quality of life. This is a cross-sectional study which involved the collection of socio-demographic and a stigma scale towards mental health treatment. The subjects were selected from four health centers in the Kingdom of Bahrain. This study established the mean level of perceived stigma towards mental health treatment in the study population was 6.99±2.89, considerably as moderate levels of stigma towards mental health treatment. Some of the demographic factors identified to effect the stigma towards receiving mental health treatment were occupation and gender. This study showed moderate amount of stigma towards mental health treatment and increasing mental health awareness among the population is necessary. Further studies should be encouraged to tackle other factors affecting stigma towards mental health treatment

Yoga is one of the six orthodox systems of Indian philosophy which is viewed as a physical, mental and spiritual discipline that confers a sound body and sound mind. One of the main aims of practice of yoga is to have good cognitive control. Pre-University education is a very important stage in the educational ladder of students. At this stage students are in need of good cognitive abilities. While there are no studies done on this group about the effects of yoga, this study was undertaken to assess the effect of short term practice of yoga among Pre University students. Executive function was tested with Golden version - Stroop Color and Word test in control group, before and after the intervention among yoga group. Results were statistically analyzed using Bonferroni post hoc test. Students in yoga group had performed better than the control group. Short term practice of yoga had a beneficial effect on cognition – selective attention and cognitive flexibility in the Pre-university students.

Wheezing happens when the airways are tightened, blocked or inflamed making a person's breathing sounds like whistling or squeaking. A study was conducted to identify the most probable risk factors for pediatrics bronchospasm. Hence, a total of 205 patients, aged below 6 years, from inpatient admissions at Al-Zahraa Teaching Hospital, were enrolled. All children who presented with attacks of bronchospasm were clinically evaluated. It was found that 34.14% of the study group had a history of wheeze. Male patients and those of urban origin were more affected, (67.14%) and (74.29%), respectively. Wheeze was associated with prematurity, low birth weight and family history of asthma. There was an association of wheeze in first degree relatives (87.1% versus 32.2%) including children of those with asthma (64.3% versus 30.6%). Environmental factors and parental smoking showed clear difference from 50% to 12.8% respectively. Furthermore, overcrowding, atopy, persistent nasal snuffle, were all associated with wheeze. History of recurrent chest infection was found to be higher in those who had parental history of asthma (85.7% versus 39.8%). In conclusin, Family history and sblings asthma, parental smoking, atopy, overcrowding was risk factors of wheeze further studies are highly suggeste for further assessment

Dengue, one of the world’s major emerging tropical viral disease, is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in many parts of the world including India. The study is undertaken to study prevalence of dengue and its corelation with various pathological parameters. 592 clinically suspected cases of dengue fever from November 2015 to July 2018 were included in the study. Blood samples for dengue serology, serum transaminases and platelet count (PC) were drawn in plain and EDTA test tubes. Dengue serology was performed by IgM MacElisa and NSI Antigen ELISA depending upon the duration of onset of fever. Platelet count was carried out on fully automated three part cell counter and serum transaminases study done on semi automated biochemistry analyser. Out of 592, 319 serum samples were tested for dengue NS1 ELISA and 54 samples were positive. 273 samples were tested for dengue IgM ELISA and 31 samples were positive. So prevalence rate of dengue was 14.36%. Majority of positive cases were males, having sex ratio of 1.93:1. Among dengue positive cases, 62.35% cases were found in 15-44 age group years. Varying degree of thrombocytopenia was seen in 87.05% positive cases. Serum transaminases level with normal acceptable range was noticed in 75.93% of dengue NS1 positives cases compare to elevate level in 77.42% of dengue IgM positive cases. The study draws attention toward the male, young adult age group. The overall significant increase in dengue IgM and dengue NS1 seropositivity among suspected cases in last few years indicates an increase in dengue virus activity. This study results indicate that dengue infection is not going to wane away but is going to stay and will play havoc if immediate control measures are not taken. The need of the hour is long-term vector control strategy; so that the outbreaks can be prevented.

Abstract: Normal pregnancy is associated with significant hyperlipidemia. Hyperlipidemias are well known as a modifiable risk factor for ischemic heart disease, which is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Traditionally LDL is referred to as 'Bad Cholesterol'. It is now established that more than LDL as a whole, it is the small dense subtype of LDL in particular which is responsible for the atherogenicity of LDL. In this study we aimed to determine whether normal pregnancy is associated with a shift in distribution of LDL subtypes, and whether a shift to a more atherogenic lipid profile is an inevitable consequence of normal pregnancy. 100 women with normal, uncomplicated pregnancy were enrolled in the study. Blood samples were collected in the middle of each trimester and 3-4 months post partum, and LDL and small dense LDL levels were estimated. Repeated Measures Anova with post hoc correction was used to compare the mean values of LDL and sdLDL among the different trimesters. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Normal pregnancy was associated with a progressive and significant rise in both LDL and sdLDL levels, peak values being attained in the third trimester. Post partum, LDL levels returned to the base line, whereas the sdLDL levels still remained significantly higher than the baseline. Normal pregnancy is associated with an increase in the levels of small dense sub fractions of LDL, which is not fully reversed by 3-4 months postpartum.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV), transmitted through the fecal–oral route is a common cause of self-limiting acute viral hepatitis in India with poor sanitation and hygiene and poses a major public health problem in India. This study was undertaken to determine seroprevalence of HEV in patients presenting with acute viral hepatitis. A retrospective study was conducted in Central Laboratory, General Hospital, Palanpur, North Gujarat from October 2016 to July 2018. A total of 164 serum samples of suspected patients of HEV were tested for IgM HEV antibody using ELISA method. Seroprevalence of HEV was 62.20%. Out of 102, 70 (68.63%) males were affected more than females (31.37%). HEV infection was more common in 16-25 years age group (38.24%) followed by 26-35 years age group(24.51%). To reduce the prevalence of HEV infection, health and civic authorities should make an effort to increase the awareness among general public, to facilitate the timely preparation and make necessary arrangement for efficient response to encounter outbreak or epidemic caused by HEV virus, thus reduce morbidity, mortality and economic burden.

The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of roles played by student councils on curbing the frequency of student unrests in Public Boys Boarding Secondary Schools in Elgon Sub-county, Kenya. The study was based on Social Systems Theory. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. Stratified sampling technique was used to sample respondents from the categories of students and members of student councils. The target population for students was 750 while that of members of student councils was 78. The study used Likert type Students' Questionnaire and Questionnaire for Members of Student Councils as research instruments. Descriptive statistics namely, means, frequencies and percentages were computed. Inferential statistics derived from ANOVA were used to test hypotheses. The study revealed that there exists a negative, strong and statistically significant relationship between decision making roles played by student councils and the frequency of student unrest (r= -0.809**; p<0.01). Based on the findings of this research study, it can be concluded that if student councils participate in decision making roles played by student councils to school management on other students, frequency of student unrests will be curbed in Public Boys Boarding Secondary Schools in Elgon Sub-county. The study recommends that student councils be thoroughly prepared in their roles through seminars, workshops and regular meetings with the principals.

Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor is a rare tumor constituting 3-7% of all odontogenic tumors. It is a benign neoplasm which arises from the odontogenic epithelium. We present a case of 22 year female patient with a well defined, unilocular radiolucent lesion containing an impacted tooth seen radiographically. On microscopic examination, sections comprise of cyst wall composed of fibrous connective tissue with areas of haemorrhage. Whorls and lobules of spindle shaped cells were seen on luminal aspect with interspersed duct like structures. Based on the above histopathological features final diagnosis of Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor was made. The treatment of choice is conservative surgical removal through simple curettage or enucleation. Recurrence is very rarely seen.

Uterine fibroids, also known as uterine leiomyomas or fibroids, are benign smooth muscle tumors of the uterus. Most women have no symptoms while others may have painful or heavy periods. If large enough, they may push on the bladder causing a frequent need to urinate. Dermatoglyphics is referred to as study of the friction ridge formation that appears on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. There have been works done by different researchers on dermatoglyphics in the field of medicine which has helped in the detection of diseases like breast cancer, anemia etc. But not much has been done at level 2 dermatoglyphics which has created a gap in literatures on those areas especially uterine leiomyoma. This study was aimed at determining the level 2 dermatoglyphic digital patterns in Uterine Leiomyoma. The study was non-experimental and analytical. One hundred subjects selected by simple random sampling. Chi-square test was done using SPSS twenty version. The result of the study has shown clearly that the most distributed level-2 pattern in both categories is the bifurcation and ridge crossing the least distributed pattern in both categories. In uterine leiomyoma the distribution of bifurcation was higher than in the control group. The higher distribution of bifurcations in the uterine leiomyoma could be attributed to the genetic difference in both categories. The difference between the uterine leiomyoma subjects and the control subjects (normal) was not significant statistically (p>0.05) in there pattern distribution, but there was a marked difference that can be used as a guide in the diagnosis of uterine leiomyoma condition

Periductal stromal sarcoma is a rare lesion. It was considered to be a variant of phyllode tumor whereas they are morphologically different. Our patient was a 39 years old, with no previous history, who presented a nodular formation at the level of the inferior-internal quadrant of the right breast operated in 2015 with the realization of a nodule excision. The histological examination carried out was in favor of the diagnosis of a periductal stromal sarcoma with tumoral surgical excision limits. 2 years later, she presented a recurrence at the level of the tumor scar. A bilateral digital mammography was performed which showed an appearance in favor of a tumor recurrence of 63 mm of major axis at the level of the inferior-internal quadrant of the right breast. She was given a biopsy excision communicated to our structure. The diagnosis of the recurrence of a periuctal stromal sarcoma has been retained. The number of studies available on periductal stromal sarcoma (SPP/PSS) is currently limited and a therapeutic strategy for the PSS has not yet been determined. The histological diagnosis of PSS is based on the criteria established by the AFIP, and surgery with significant margins is the cornerstone of treatment.