Many earlier studies assessed virtual vs. traditional learning outcomes. The majority of them had two limitations. (1) learners self-selection of virtual classes, and (2) the lack of exams proctoring. It has been stated that these factors give more opportunities of unrealistic elevation of learning outcomes of virtual classes over the traditional ones. This study is of comparative corpus-based nature applied on 1324 male students of Medicine enrolled in Joint First Year Program (JFYP) at Umm Al-Qura University (UQU) in the first semesters of the academic years (2017-2018) and (2018-2019). Participants of this study were given English classification test before commencing their JFYP. In the first semester of the academic year (2017-2018), 624 students were taught English in traditional classes by the English Language Center (ELC) at UQU. The other 700 students studied English through virtual classes by TeachCast with Oxford via Eleutian platform. Then, all participants sat for final exams by the end of their first semesters. Comparing the participants’ grades in these two tests is meant to (1) test the claims of the earlier studies, (2) reveal the impact of English instruction by the ELC at UQU and (3) disclose whether the English learning outcomes of controlled virtual classes surpass the traditional classes’ or not. Findings of this study indicated that the learning outcomes of virtual classes significantly surpassed the traditional classes although the affecting factors stated by earlier studies were eliminated. Then, the study recommendations were suggested.

The term orbital hypertelorism denotes “widely apart orbits.” This may also be associated with the abnormal orientation of the orbits in terms of the vertical position (dystopia). This deformity may be seen unilaterally or bilaterally. They may present as symmetric or asymmetric and can manifest in a variety of craniofacial conditions. The treatment is primarily carried out for aesthetic reasons. This paper emphasizes on the current understanding of this condition

This study assesses the condition of hostel facilities among students in Federal University Dutse, Nigeria. Stratified random sampling technique was employed to select three students’ hostels; two female hostels and one male hostel for the research while simple random sampling technique was used to select the respondents among the students on Campus. Primary data was obtained using questionnaire survey, a total of 140 copies of the questionnaire was administered to the students; 80 (57%) a males and 60 (43%) females. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analyses. The Bio-data of the respondents was analyzed using descriptive statistics and the result shows that 75 (54%) of the respondents are aged between 18 and 20 years, 121(86%) are single, 44 (31%) are level 100, 54 (39%) are level 200, 20 (14%) are level 300 and 22 (16 %) are level 400 students. The data analysis further shows that the respondents gave different assessments of the facilities and services provided in the hostels for example, provision of electricity supply (56.4%), water supply (47.1%), firefighting equipment (40%), writing desks (37.1%), doors (49.3%) and windows (59.3%) were described as excellent and functional. The facilities and services adjudged to be good include fencing (40%), waste disposal (50.7%), standby generator (35.7%), security (36.4%), ICT/Reading (36.4%), kitchenette (33.6%), recreation area (32.1%), bathroom (31.4%), drainage (42.9%), laundry (40%), privacy (40%) and cost of bed space (39.3%). However, the condition of toilets facilities was assessed to be fair with a total of 26.4%. The paper therefore recommends that the Management of the University should sustain the current level of provision of facilities assessed to be in good condition and make efforts to improve on the provision of facilities that are not good condition for achieving better health, wellbeing and enhanced quality of life of the students living in the hostels as contained in the current United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

In the present study, 3-dimensional model of natural circulation loop (NCL) have been developed in design software Proe 4.0. The steady flow simulation of single phase CO2, for natural circulation loop (NCL) with end heat exchangers are analyzed in Fluid Flow (Fluent), a module in Ansys-Workbench 14.0. Results are obtained for various mass flow rates/velocities of air in control volume of cold heat exchanger, for a fixed heat flux from air in the hot heat exchanger. Results show that due to the presence of bends and strong buoyancy effects, local velocity and temperature vary in all three dimensions.

This cross-sectional descriptive study using convenience sampling technique was conducted in rural Thane district in Maharashtra State on male adolescents (n=200) to determine their health-related behaviour and health profile. A pre-tested formatted proforma was used to record socio-demographic and health-related data. Their mean age was 17.81  1.20 years (95% CI: 17.65–17.98 years). 153 (76.5%) belonged to lower middle class and the rest to lower class as per B.G. Prasad Classification. 64.5% were students while 35.5% had dropped out of studies. The participants had relatively good personal hygiene. Consumers of alcohol and tobacco comprised 10.0% and 15.5%, respectively. Their current health-related problems comprised dental conditions (15%), skin diseases (12.5%), eye conditions (6.5%), ear problems (2.5%), vitamin A deficiency (2%) and vitamin B deficiency (1.5%). Self-reported history of past illness included tuberculosis, typhoid, upper respiratory tract infection, dengue, malaria and jaundice. The illnesses among family members included tuberculosis, diabetes and hypertension. Periodic health assessment of adolescents can help initiate early interventions. Community-level educational intervention can help in coping with nutritional deficiencies.

Introduction: The paired scapular bone are present on dorsal aspect of thorax with its process like spine, coracoids and acromial; and it has superior, inferior and glenoid or lateral angles; costal and dorsal surfaces and surascapular notch on its superior border. The detailed knowledge of scapular anatomy and its morphometric & osteometric measurements are essential for treatment of shoulder blade disorders like displacement fracture and for corrective prosthetic surgeries. Materials and methods: 60 dry intact scapulae (24 right & 36 left) were examined for the study were taken from department of anatomy, Vydehi Institute of Medical Science & Research Centre, Bangalore and from East Point College of Medical Science And Research Centre, Bangalore. The different parameters of the scapula were taken for the measurements. Results: In the present study average parameters of scapular length was 13.5 cm, scapular width was 8.6cm, glenoid height was 3.5cm and its width was 2.2cm, acromion length was 3.8 cm and its breadth was 2.2cm, corocoid length 3.68cm and its thickness 1.17cm, projection length of spine 12.2cm, acromio-corocoid distance 3.56 cm and acromio-glenoid distance 2.75 cm, suprascapular notch depth 0.83cm & superior transverse diameter of notch was 1.75cm, superior angle of scapula was 91.70, inferior angle was 37.60, lateral angle was 55.10, glenopolar angle was 34.30 & glenoinclination angle was 11.50. Conclusion: This data of detailed measurements of different parameters of scapula may be helpful for athropologists and anatomists and also for surgeons to aid in the management of various shoulder diseases and in designing implants for the shoulder joint.

Introduction: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been decisively established as the cause of AIDS.AIDS scientist presents these results as strong evidence that HIV is the cause of AIDS. Such arguments are very persuasive to public and most scientists, even though there is debate among different scientists. Objectives: To review HIV the cause of AIDS or not. Methods: systematic literature review in methodology was used. The review was conducted using reliable healthcare internet database namely; Google scholar, hinari and PubMed central. Ten scientific articles were scrutinized to obtain results for the review. Result: The result of this review showed that a total of six articles were reviewed which talks about the belief and evidence are that HIV is causes of AIDS. Conclusion: Even if there is a debate among scientists about whether HIV causes AIDS was related to refusing HIV treatments and poorer health outcomes. And following or accepting the positive one that is HIV causes AIDS do not have side effect without improving of quality of life.

Globally, research groups are investigating CZTS thin film via various deposition methods as an absorber layer for solar cells. The challenge lies in understanding the formation of a number of secondary phases during and after the synthesis of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) and its various different structural and optical defects. The present contribution shows an in-depth review of the works carried out so far by various research groups. This review also highlights the effect of deposition parameters on the optical properties of CZTS absorber.

Voiding dysfunction due to Bladder outlet obstruction in females is one of poorly understood conditions and is much rarer as compared to males. More difficult is the objective diagnosis of this condition. Here in, we present our case of a chronic voiding dysfunction in a female caused by symphysis bone tumor, which was managed surgically.

Psychoanalytic concepts have become an indispensable part of people’s daily life, which not only can help them better understand human behaviors and thoughts but also enable them to understand literary texts more accurately and clearly. Jacques Lacan’s psychoanalytic theory, Mirror Stage, gives a new perspective for texts. This paper will illustrate the detailed experiences about Jeannette Walls in The Glass Castle by three Orders of Lacan’s psychoanalytic theory, which can give enlightenment to the perplexed young people in the modern world.

200 consecutive patients scheduled for intraocular cataract surgery under peribulbar block (PBB) were randomly divided into two groups of 100 patients each. All patients before cataract surgery randomly received peribulbar block either plain (pH 5.4) or pH-adjusted (pH 6.8 range 6.7–6.9) 0.75% bupivacaine labelled A and B respectively. This was done to make anesthetic unaware of the mixture to be administered for peribulbar block (Double Blind Technique). Hyaluronidase was added to both solutions prior to peribulbar block. Observation of ocular movements in all four quadrants at interval of 1 minute was assessed upto maximum 20 minutes and the time of onset of akinesia of the globe was noted. After 20 minutes interval of time no effect of PBB then the need for supplementary injections were also recorded by an independent observer (Supervisor). The relative efficacy of the different anesthetic solutions A or B was compared in patients who underwent intraocular cataract surgery. In both groups of patients, eyes receiving peribulbar block with the pH-adjusted solution showed a shorter onset of time to partial akinesia of the globe (P < 0.05). However, there was no difference between the solutions in the time to complete akinesia of the globe, but the number of supplementary injections required for an effective block with the pH-adjusted solution was increased. Onset time to akinesia of the lateral and superior rectus muscles was shortened in patients receiving the pH-adjusted solution but there were minimal effects on the medial and inferior recti muscle.

Ondo State is a state in Nigeria with an abundant energy reserve in petroleum and woodfuel resources, contributing significantly to the nation‟s overall energy output. This study reports a comprehensive survey of Household Energy Consumption pattern in this state. It examined various household energy-consuming appliances and usage time across different Building Types, economic class, and Household Sizes. Its findings revealed that: annual Household Energy Consumption across all household types in towns and villages is 10,993 kWh. Of this figure, cooking accounts for 47%, refrigeration accounts for 28%, Thermal Comfort 12%, Electric Lighting 10% while Sundry (other appliances) and Brown Goods (TV, VCD/DVD set) account for 1% and 2% respectively. A number of households were found to use a combination of two or more cooking energy resource. Kerosene served as the most commonly used means of cooking, representing 84% of the survey population, while Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) represents 40%, electricity - 30%, wood – 19%, and charcoal – 7%.

Introduction: Propensity scoring is a powerful tool to strengthen causal inferences drawn from observational studies of different areas. A propensity score is used to choose treatment and control groups with simila baseline characteristics. A Propensity score is defined as the probability of the subject being assigned to the treatment group, given set of baseline characteristics. Objectives: To review the impact analysis of interventions using Propensity Score analysis. Methods: literature review in methodology was used. The review was conducted using reliable healthcare internet database namely; Google scholar, hinari and PubMed central. Eleven scientific articles were scrutinized to obtain results for the review. Result: The results of this review showed that a total of twenty four articles and books were reviewed and almost all of the reviewed articles and books were used Propensity Score analysis methods clarifying the notes and for their analysis of different titles of researches in different parts of the world. Conclusion: This review of assessed and reviewed, Propensity matching is a powerful tool for observational data analyses because it facilitates the comparison of outcomes between similar groups of patients and has impacts on the interventions.

Pancasila has already been recognized and adhered to as the ideology of the Indonesian state since its independence, in 1945, until now, within the 2000s reform period. The state is obligedto uphold the inheritance of Pancasila values from generation to generation. Period of 1945-2000s was divided into three periods of power: the Orde Lama, the Orde Baru and the reformation periods. Each period has its own way in intervening the education system about teachingthe interpretation of the state ideology in accordance with the political line of power. It is a literature researches that triesto figure out the patterns of state intervention in the education system related to the Pancasila ideology.

The aim to conduct this case study, because Pituitary Macroadenoma leading to aspergillus is a rare condition. In which the main pathogen of fungal sellar is aspergillus species. The pituitary infectious fungi consisted on different groups and dimorphic fungi. The leading pathogen of fungal sellar abscess is the type of aspergillus. The possible route of infection through sphenoid sinus with a thin sellar roof. Pituitary tumour differentiate through its size. Pituitary tumors undesirably known to grow in the, sphenoid bone, cavernous sinus, mid-nasal ductus, and left cerebral hemisphere. In our case presentation patient presented with pituitary macroadenoma, which diagnosed through magnetic resonance imaging. Presented with nasal mass, and acromegaly features, headache. Right eye vision loss. Through endoscopy biopsy report shows the nasal fungal infection. Surgical treatment, trans-sphenoidal procedure will be planned as recommended in literature reviews.