REVIEW ARTICLE | March 31, 2019
Credit Aspects of Land Reform and Land Settlement Schemes in Nigeria
Chukwu Johnkennedy Obinna
Page no Sch Int J Law Crime Justice, 2019; 2(3): 40-45 |
10.21276/sijlcj.2019.2.3.3
It is obvious that the life of man and that of the society revolve around land and its resources. This importance of land to man and the society influenced the state intrusion into property legislation in order to ensure adequate and efficient land management technique for the benefits of the greatest number of the members of the society. Furthermore, the nexus between land and economic prosperity of an individual and a nation informed the constitutional provisions respecting the inviolability of private property rights in various jurisdictions around the world. This work focuses on the credit aspects of land reform and land settlement schemes in Nigeria. The findings, manifestly, show that Land Use Act 1978 (Act) brought enormous reforms to the administration and management of land in Nigeria, including the aspects of land settlement schemes. Which has, remarkably, improved the economic value of land, and prescribed a much more better and equitable ways of alienating interest in land as expressed in the combined effect of Sections 21, 22, 23, 24, 26 and 34(7) of the Act. It also notes that Land settlement schemes are projects with positive impact on land, and not fettered by the provision of the Land Use Act 1978, as previously thought. Even the ones created by Deed or Wills before the Land Use Act as adumbrated in Section 26 of the Act, Therefore, we recommend that Governments at all levels should create land settlement schemes, so as to improve land, the fortunes and living conditions of the citizens, and, by extension, food security through the Farm settlements.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | March 31, 2019
A Study of Antibiotic Resistance in UTI Patients at District Hospital Gandhinagar: A Comparison between Community Acquired and Hospital Acquired E. coli
Dr. Kirankumar N. Patel
Page no 182-185 |
10.21276/sjpm.2019.4.3.9
Background & Objective: UTI (urinary tract infection) is the most common among all hospital acquired infections world
wide. In UTI, most common organism is E.coli. Organism responsible for the hospital acquired infection may have
tendency to develop multiple drug resistance. E.coli acquired from the hospital source and community source may differ
in their resistant against antibiotics. Aim: Our aim to study and compare the antibiotic resistant pattern with special
reference to ESBL (extended spectrum β lactamase) in the community acquired and hospital acquired common gram
negative bacilli causing UTI in patients of district hospital Gandhinagar during period of June 2008 to may 2009.
Methods and materials: E.coli from symptomatic UTI cases from both community acquired and hospital acquired UTI at
district hospital Gandhinagar during period of June 2008 to May 2009 were tested for the antimicrobial susceptibility
testing against 18 drug of various groups performed by Kirby Bauer's disc diffusion method. Isolates resistant to third
generation cephalosporin were tested for ESBL production by double disk synergy test method. Results: Overall E.coli
was (73.75%) among the all gram negative bacilli of UTI patients. The majority (70%) of the isolates were from female.
ESBL prevalence was 12.6% and 25% among community acquired and hospital acquired E.coli respectively.
Cephalosporin group of sensitivity was widely varied among both the group compare to other groups of antibiotics and
more resistance was found in hospital strain. Discussion and Conclusion: Almost double prevalence of ESBL among
hospital strain compared to community strain leads to change in line of management when a hospitalized patient has
tendency to develop UTI, plain cephalosporin should not be administered in other diseases also.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | March 31, 2019
Cyber Criminology: Investigating the Characteristics of Internet Crimes and Criminals
Ehsan salami
Page no Sch Int J Law Crime Justice, 2019; 2(3): 34-39 |
10.21276/sijlcj.2019.2.3.2
Currently, the Internet is considered as the largest medium and the most important tool for transferring and exchanging information. Besides the benefits and facilities of this "worldwide web", the possibility of crime occurrence has been doubled. Offenses which are now threatening citizens' safety, behavior and welfare, did not exist in the past at all. The present study investigates properties and factors which double the risk and damage of internet crimes. Findings revealed that on one hand internet crimes have unique characteristics such as global aspect, ease of perpetration, extent of damage, multiplicity of victims and crime detection-related issues and the like and on the other hand, internet criminals and victims differ from other criminals and victims in terms of age, gender, motivation and others.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | March 31, 2019
Prevalence of Hepatitis A Virus and Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Patients from A Tertiary Care Hospital of West India, Ahmedabad
Parul Patel, Nidhi Sood, Dhara Modi
Page no 195-200 |
10.21276/sjpm.2019.4.3.11
Background: Acute viral hepatitis (AVH) is a major public health problem and is an important cause of morbidity and
mortality. Acute Viral Hepatitis A infection among adults .in developing country is low due to pre exposure of Hepatitis
A virus (HAV) during childhood and adolescence. Anti-HAV prevalence in population worldwide has grouped countries
into high, intermediate low and very low endemicity. The anti-HAV prevalence in Indian population is of high
endemicity. But, there is heterogeneous exposure of hepatitis A virus in different region of the country. In India the age
of acquiring HAV has a world-wide distribution and affects infant and young children in developing countries and its
epidemics are not very common. HEV is restricted to tropical countries and affects older children and young adults and
its epidemics are common. Studies suggested that HEV is etiologically responsible for 10%–95% of admitted cases of
hepatitis. Exposure rates over a period of time are different in different parts of the country and in different socioeconomic groups. Objective: To determine the prevalence of Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) and Hepatitis E virus (HEV)
infection among patients of suspected acute viral hepatitis admitted in Sola Civil Hospital, Ahmadabad / in a tertiary care
hospital, Ahmadabad, Gujarat. To determine any change in the epidemiology of these infections with the age, gender and
seasonal trends. Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, GMERS Medical College &
Hospital, and Sola, which is a leading Tertiary care hospital and the major referral centre of Ahmedabad, Gujarat.
REVIEW ARTICLE | March 31, 2019
Job satisfaction among Hospital Doctors: A Review of Literature
Ahmad Mohammad Rbehat, Noor Aina Amirah
Page no 271-275 |
10.36348/sjbms.2019.v04i03.010
Job satisfaction is among the most expansively explored subjects in the organizational behavior and human resource management domains. Hence, in healthcare context, satisfied doctors are likely to demonstrate greater productivity and commitment towards their job. Similarly, committed doctors denotes low turnover. However, globalization of health sector has motivated many doctors to migrate for better opportunities, better career growth and greater job satisfaction. The recent years have seen the rapid growth of this people-centric health care sector. For the achievement of effective delivery of health services and doctor retention, job satisfaction among hospital doctors needs to be assured. Therefore, this paper attempts to ascertain the gaps and search the diverse factors impacting job satisfaction. Hence, the previous studies concerning job satisfaction among hospital doctors are reviewed. From the past works, positively correlation was found between monetary benefits, work conditions, recognition, autonomy, achievement, and growth and development opportunities, and job satisfaction
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | March 31, 2019
Prevalence of Multidrug Resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Infection in Burn Patients at a Tertiary Care Centre Jamnagar, Gujarat, India
Mehta Isha, Surani Chandani, Mehta Krunal, Mullan Summaiya
Page no 210-214 |
10.21276/sjpm.2019.4.3.13
Objective: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important cause of hospital acquired infection especially in patients admitted in
critical care units such as intensive care units and burn care units. In recent times, it has emerged as a widespread Multi
Drug Resistant (MDR) pathogen which requires antibiotic susceptibility testing on a regular as well as a periodic basis.
This study was carried with an aim to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern and prevalence of MDR P.
aeruginosa infection among burns patients at a tertiary care centre. Material and Methods: This retrospective study of pus
samples of hospitalized patients in burn wards between January 2018 to June 2018 was carried out. The intensity of use
of antibacterial agents and resistance of P. aeruginosa to common anti-Gram-negative antibiotics were measured. The
antibiotic sensitivity testing of all P. aeruginosa isolates was done using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and the
results were interpreted according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines (CLSI) 2017. Results:
Out of these 130 clinical specimens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated in 38(29.2%) samples. P.aeruginosa showed
maximum sensitivity to Imipenem (90%), Piperacillin-tazobactum (78%) and Gatifloxacin (52.6%) followed by
Tobramycin (28.9%), Ciprofloxacin (23.6%) and Gentamycin (13.1%). Conclusion: Pseudomonas was the commonest
cause of infection in fire burn patients in our setting. About 29.2% of the isolates showed multiple resistances. In light of
our findings, regular antibiotic resistance test has to be done for each patient in order to select an appropriate
antimicrobial agent.
SUBJECT CATEGORY: ARTS | March 31, 2019
The Use of Allegorical and Ironical Names in Kiswahili Novel: Ua la Faraja
Dave Bowen
Page no 118-124 |
10.21276/sb.2019.5.3.7
In this study I aimed at analyzing the use of allegorical names and ironical names as techniques of depicting characters, settings and developing themes in Kiswahili novel, Ua La Faraja [1]. This study was guided by Structuralism theory. Structuralists view language as an independent structure. It is governed by its rules and principles. Language is a system which constitutes elements that are interelated. For example, the real meaning of a sentence emanates from a combination of its constituent elements such as nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs. Structuralists like Scholes posit that it is important to use Structuralism to analyse literary works because language and literature are related. The use of structuralism enables us to look at a literary work as a system with interrelated elements like: form and themes which make it complete. Data collection was done in the library. The selected novel and related literature were read with an aim of analyzing the use names. Data was extracted, categorized and analyzed to establish how the author of the selected novel used characters and settings with allegorical names and ironical names. It was established that allegorical names were used more than ironical names. These findings show that the author of the selected novel prefers the use of allegorical names more than ironical names. Also, It was established that settings and characters with allegorical names and ironical names have been used to develop other themes which are outside the meaning of their names. The findings of this research will benefit literary critics, authors, teachers and Kiswahili students in Secondary and even Universities in analyzing the use of allegorical and ironical names in literary work like plays, short stories and novels.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | March 31, 2019
Assessing Rangeland-Soil Degradation Induced By Over Grazing. In Case Of Yabello Rangeland Southern Ethiopia
Yeneayehu Fenetahun, XU-Xinwen, Wang Yong-Dong
Page no 78-86 |
10.21276/haya.2019.4.2.4
In Yabello most of the range land was changed in to agricultural area and the remaining part were exposed to overgrazing
and become seriously degraded. The aim of this study was in order to assess the impact of overgrazing on the soil
characteristics of Yabello rangeland. The soil physico –chemical characteristics were evaluated by using three (3) grazing
intensity level (ungrazed, moderate grazing and over grazing (each with 2 ha) were selected, which were located about
100 to 150m apart within a 10 ha area. This study indicates that Overgrazing homogenized soil characteristics. The
ranges of spatial autocorrelation for soil organic C (SOC) and total N were at the HG site, which was considerably larger
than that at the MG and OG sites. Soil nutrients such as organic C, N and K were show a small higher variation in the
ungrazed areas than as compared to both moderately grazing and overgrazing, even though, a variation were generally
low and differed non-significantly in all the study sites. Results on soil texture revealed that the sand, silt and clay
contents were not much difference in the three land-use systems. In general, since the complex nature of soil nutrient
patterns, which are largely dependent on land-uses and topography and also the current study were done based on small
sample areas we call up researchers for a more broad-based additional research investigation to provide stronger and
basic information in the Yabello rangelands in this regard.
SUBJECT CATEGORY: SPORT AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION | March 31, 2019
Analysis of the Effect of the Specificity of Sport Practiced on the Certainty of Decision-Making in A Competitive Situation (Case of The Practice of The Futsal And Beach Soccer)
Kacem Nejah, Naffeti Chokri, Guemri Ayman, Elloumi Ali
Page no 125-128 |
10.21276/sb.2019.5.3.8
Within the space of sports games, more particularly in the physical practices where participants interact operative way with others. This is particularly the case in team sports (football, basketball, volleyball, rugby, baseball, Futsal, Beach soccer...) or traditional Tunisian sports games (mini goals, 7 holes, elagfa,...) analysis by Allen Ali [1], during of which the players of a team communicate unambiguous with their partners but contre-communiquent not without malice with opponents. The purpose of our study is to show the effect of the specificity of the environment according to the rules of each sport Futsal and beach soccer on the certainty of decision-making during communications for inter and intra participated in competitive situations high level. The methodology used being an analysis of six matches, including three of the last World Cup of Futsal 2016 in Colombia and three of the last World Cup of beach soccer 2017 in the Bahamas. These analyses have come up as a result that the environment affects the shape of the sport as well as the practice environment is a determinant of practical identity during the decision-making process and affects the certainty of results.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | March 31, 2019
The Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic Leaf Extracts of Six Senna Species
Jimoh MA, Edeoga HO, Omosun G, Nduche M.U
Page no 87-92 |
10.21276/haya.2019.4.2.5
Leaf ethanolic extracts of six Senna species namely S. occidentalis, S. hirsuta, S. siamea, S. obtusifolia, S. polyphylla and
S. alata were obtained using the cold extraction method. The extracts were tested for antimicrobial activity against five
organisms, namely Escherichia coli, Klebssiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia and
Salmonella typhi. The agar well diffusion method was used to carry out this test. The study on antimicrobial activities
shows that ethanolic extracts of the six Senna species possess antibacterial activity against human pathogens used in this
study. The antibacterial activities of the extracts were more pronounced at higher concentration than at lower
concentration in the species of Senna investigated. However, Senna alata showed more antimicrobial acivity. The
minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the plant extracts ranged from 21.5 mg/ml to 62.5 mg/ ml with Senna alata
having the lowest value (31.25 mg/ ml) for the pathogen tested except Klebssiella pneumonia (65.5 mg/ml) while the
other Senna species have similar minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract
of Senna alata was favourably compared with the standard drug, ciprofloxacin. The antibacterial activities of the plant
extract could possibly be due to alkaloids and flavonoids. Bioactive substance from these six Senna species can therefore
be employed in the formation of antimicrobial agent for the treatment of various bacterial infections or diseases.
REVIEW ARTICLE | March 31, 2019
The Syntactic Position of the Topic Markers in Mandarin Chinese
Ma Daoshan
Page no 50-57 |
10.36348/sijll.2019.v02i02.003
The present article deals with the syntactic position of the topic markers in Mandarin Chinese. One of the characteristics of the topic structures in Mandarin Chinese is that there is a topic marker attached to the topic. The topic markers don’t carry meaning in the structure but only serve as the functional markers in syntax. Therefore it may be argued that these topic markers are not heads of the topic structures but rather modality particles attached to the head of the topic.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | March 31, 2019
Vermiculture and Vermicomposting: A Boon for Sustainable Agriculture in Fiji Islands
Sachchida Nand Rai
Page no 93-102 |
10.21276/haya.2019.4.2.6
Vermiculture employ earthworms for decomposition of organic waste for production of organic manure. The importance
of earthworms is known since time immemorial and it is considered natural plough by the farmers. Earthworms are one
of the most important fauna of agro-ecosystems which dominate the biomass of invertebrates in many soils of temperate
and tropical regions of the world. The benefits are now globally realized that earthworms can contribute much to the
management of different pedo-ecosystems. They are useful in land reclamation, soil improvement and organic waste
management in addition to their use as a protein-rich source of animal feed. Earthworms eat and mix large amount of soil
or in burrows, depending upon the species concerned. Their casts contain high concentration of organic material, silt,
clay and cations such as iron, calcium, magnesium and potassium. Earthworms also release nitrogen in to soil in their
casts and urine. Earthworms change the physical characteristics of soil by aerating during rain or irrigation. Earthworms
thus enhance incorporation and decomposition of organic matter, increase soil aggregate, improve porosity and water
infiltration and increase microbial activity. Vermiculture may be a boon for Fiji which is a small Island nation located in
the South Pacific, 3000 km east of Australia and 1930 km south of the equator. It is endowed with excellent climate
which is very much suitable for vermicomposting. The land and climate of Fiji are very good for growing horticultural
crops such as vegetables and fruits. Fiji farmers use imported chemical fertilizers which is costly resulting farming as an
expensive venture. The export market for organically produced crops is increasing worldwide providing excellent
opportunity to the farmers to use organic manure produced locally. To meet the farmers‟ demands of organic manure
there is a vast scope of vermiculture. The availability of plenty amount of plant biomass, number of suitable earthworm
species and excellent tropical climate are in favour of simple vermiculture technology.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | March 31, 2019
Midline Laparotomies Closure By Means Of Small Stitches an Experience from A New Technique
Tariq Ahmed Mala, Syeed Rayees Ahmad, Ajaz Ahmad Shah, Shahid Amin Malla
Page no 246-248 |
10.36348/sjm.2019.v04i03.016
Background: Midline line incisions are known for its versality of rapid and wide access to the peritoneal cavity with least damage to abdominal wall musculature, vessels and nerves. The closure technique varies from operating surgeon to institutions. The aim of this study was to see the postoperative results in reference to small tissue bites in the closure of abdominal wall. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in the department of general Surgery SKIMS, MCH Bemina Srinagar. A total of 50 cases were managed with small bites technique that underwent midline laparotomy in both elective and emergencies from 2016 to 2018. Patients were operated with small tissue bite sutures placed 5 - 7 mm from the wound edge and 5 - 7 mm apart and included only the aponeurosis in the stitches without peritoneum. Results: Maximum number of patients were males, maximum number of patients were in age group of 20-30 years (56%), serum albumin was ≥3 in36 (72%) of patients. Surgical site infection was seen in 12 (24%) of patients. Conclusion: Our study showed that small stitch length between 5 to 7 mm with SL: WL ratio: greater than or equivalent to 6:1 to achieve safe closure of midline laparotomy incision
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | March 31, 2019
Histomorphological Spectrum of Fungal Lesions in the Sinonasal Tract in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Dr. B. Shobana, Dr. S. Srismitha, Dr. S. Karthik, Dr. S. Manjani
Page no 201-209 |
10.21276/sjpm.2019.4.3.12
The head and neck area is the most complex area of the human body, with its most physical connections to the outside
environment. So it plays host to a variety of infections. Sinonasal tract fungal infections are not uncommon and the
surgical pathologist is concerned with establishing a correct etiological diagnosis because many of the infectious fungal
masses are confused with neoplasms both clinically and radiologically. So this study was aimed to identify the
histomorphological type of fungal infections in the sinonasal tract and their prevalence according to various clinical
parameters. This was a retrospective study carried out in the Department of Pathology, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of
Medical Sciences for a period of 3 years (Feb 2016 to Feb 2019) and all the Sinonasal tract lesions morphologically
diagnosed to have fungal infections were included in this study. During the study period, Out of 11,301 total
histopathology specimens received, 40 cases were diagnosed with sinonasal fungal infections (0.35%). Of these, 77.5%
were males, 22.5% were females with male preponderance. The most common type of fungal infection was Aspergillosis
(14 cases), followed by Mucormycosis (11cases). The most common site of infection in the sinonasal tract was Maxillary
sinus. In this study, we attempted to determine the etiological diagnosis of sinonasal fungal infections and the
Histopathological examination can render efficient identification of infectious fungal organisms and remains the only
feasible and rapid means to identify fungal organisms for starting appropriate therapy for patients.
SUBJECT CATEGORY: MEDICAL SCIENCES | March 31, 2019
The Determination of the Prevalent Lipprint Pattern among Identical and Non-Identical Twins
Ezon-Ebidor Innocent Edibamode, Peter D. Okoh, John Nwolim Paul, Josiah S. Hart, Adozue Chinasaokwu C. Harold
Page no 112-117 |
10.21276/sb.2019.5.3.6
Background: Twin is a form of multiple birth in which the mother gives birth to two offspring from the same pregnancy. Twins can either be Monozygotic or dizygotic. In this research, lip print as a means of identification in human was studied using 80 individuals (40 pairs- 25 pairs of non-identical and 15pairs of identical twins) of the Yoruba tribe of Nigeria (ranging between of ages of 5- 66 years) residing in Igbo-Ora community of Oyo state in Western Nigeria. The lips of the subjects were properly cleaned and a red lipstick was applied on it. After which, the lip print impression was made on a white plane sheet. Cellophane tape was then struck on it for permanent record. The obtained lip print was studied using a magnifying lens. Results and Discussion: The results showed that the lip print pattern is unique to individuals and there were no two similar patterns even among identical twins and twins of the same parents and tribe. The most distributed lip patterns were type II in both non-identical and identical twin (26.5% and 31.7% respectively). The least distributed pattern in non-identical twin was type V (5.5%), type I’ (8.3%) and type V (8.3%) was the least distributed in identical twin. In total, the most distributed lip pattern in non-identical and identical twin was type II (28.4%) while the least was type V (6.7%). Conclusion: The study has revealed that the most distributed lip pattern in non-identical and identical twin was type II (28.4%) while the least was type V (6.7%). By implication amongst twins whether identical or non-identical, in a random selection there is a greater probability of picking someone who has a type II pattern as the most frequent pattern type. This information could aid in a forensic study and serve as a strong means of identification when the identity was not established beforehand.