Core needle biopsy (CNB) is a part of triple assessment for preoperative evaluation and diagnosis of breast cancer as it can distinguish benign and malignant lesion, insitu and invasive cancers. In addition to its primary role in establishing histologically diagnosis it can provide prognostic information like grade and type of tumor which can influence initial therapeutic decisions. We present the result of 80 patients of palpable breast lesion who underwent for core needle biopsy followed by therapeutic surgical excision. Diagnosis of lesion along with histological typing and grading of invasive carcinoma were determined in both core needle biopsy and excision and the result compared. We observed 83.2% agreement for histological typing. There was 66 % agreement with overall grade (kappa K value-0.56),71.2% for tubule formation score 66.6% for nuclear pleomorphism,55% for mitoses (component of Bloom Richardson grading).Only 45cases of grade 1 shows concordance but 80% of grade 3 cases show concordance between CNB and surgical excision. This result is of important clinical relevance as these are the patients potentially most likely to benefit from neoadjuvant therapy. The Major problem with assessing of grading of tumor on CNB is due to under sampling of most representative areas. Hence quadrant wise sampling with increase of attempts in different directions and assistance of image guidance would improve the accuracy of CNB.

The impression materials are essential for the fabrication of stone casts and dies. The successful impression is based on the accuracy of impression material with respect to detailed reproduction and dimensional accuracy Differences in dimensional stability, wettability, and surface hardness are seen among various elastomeric impression materials. The purpose of repouring elastomeric impression material is to evaluate the accuracy of the material between different time intervals. At two different time interval with different types of die, stones poured for vinyl siloxanther elastomeric impression and additional silicone for the study to evaluate the dimensional accuracy material. The poor reproducibility, lack of surface details, and bubbles in the cast, which may lead to an inaccurate die and a poorly fitting prosthesis due to poor incompatible materials. Method: The study involves as per American dental association specification, using a stainless steel die nearly 90 impressions were taken, out of which 45 impressions were taken by each impression material, by pouring into 3 different die stones and equally subdivided into groups of 15 each. The statistical analysis was used for ANOVA test and TUKEY' POST – HOC TEST. A Computerized coordinated measuring system was used to assess various dimensions on stone cast poured from the impression of the stainless steel model. Group A, B, C: Indentium Medium poured with Ultrarock, Elite rock, Alpenrock. Group D, E, F: Monopren Transfer poured with Ultrarock, Elite rock, Alpenrock. Results: The result shows that Addition silicone yielded less accurate cast than formulated identium (vinyl siloxane ether). Conclusion: The study concluded that presence of a certain amount of variation at a time interval (15 min and 75 min) on impression repouring, henceforth indicates that when poured immediately better accuracy is seen, and newly formulated vinyl siloxane impression material yields more accurate impressions

Multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma recently has been excluded from clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) category and re-designated as multilocular cystic renal neoplasm of low malignant potential (MCRNLMP) and represents an extremely rare renal entity comprising <2% of all renal carcinoma and bears a low malignant potential which benefits either with simple nephrectomy or nephron sparing surgery. The pathologists need to be more cautious in diagnosing this rare entity as it mimics other diseases having reasonable prognosis. We herein report a case of MCRNLMP in an elderly patients with non-specific symptoms of 6 months duration, having a renal mass in the lower pole of the left kidney seen on computerized tomography. The final diagnosis of MCRNLMP was rendered after thorough histological and immune-histochemical evaluation. The patient was discharged after uneventful post-op duration and put up on regular follow up.

Objective: The clinical characteristics and experience of rural Indian children of West Bengal with paraquat poisoning – a retro prospective analysis. Methods: The study: From June 2014 through April 2019, fourteen children with paraquat poisoning who presented to the hospital were enrolled .The collected clinical indices of these cases were and analyzed. Results: oral ingestion of paraquat were found in most of the children and the commonest route of poisoning. Different degrees of damage were found in multiple systems in their bodies. Initial therapy consists of removing the paraquat from the body (decontamination) and preventing further absorption for oral exposures by using activated charcoal followed by pulse therapy using methylprednisolone (20 mg/kg/d×3d) and Gamma globulin (total 2 g/kg divided into 3 d to 5 d)for all children in the early stage. Prednisone was then given orally for 4wk to 8 wk. The total mortality rate of the patients was 64.8% (09 of 14 patients died). Statistical differences (P<0.05) were found between the surviving and dead patients, with regard to age, plasma paraquat levels, the highest levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transferase, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen,creatinine and pH value, the lowest levels of PaO2, PaCO2 and SaO2. Plasma paraquat level was positively related to pH value, but was negatively related to PaO2, PaCO2 and SaO2 levels. Hepatic and renal complications are encountered in admitted patients but the patients survived.However the fibrosis of the lung is one of the dreaded complications in the long run. Conclusions: There is no cure for Paraquat poisoning. In this study, pulmonary fibrosis was the primary cause of death.Treatment by administering pulse doses of methyl prednisolone and Gamma globulin seems to be effective in the early stage. However, the treatment may not reverse the development of pulmonary fibrosis. The long-term prognosis of paraquat poisoning was not optimistic.For predicting the prognosis, plasma paraquat level is significant.

Background: The posts selection and cementation helps to bond with restorative material. Hence, post retention is responsible for long span survival of endodontically restored teeth. The technique and selection of cement selected for cementation will determine the bearing effect of the post retention. Aim: The purpose of the study, evaluate and compare using 3 different techniques about the carbon fibre post push out bond strength at the coronal, middle and apical levels of extracted mandible tooth of single root. Methodology: The premolars extracted were selected about 50 and based on the technique using lentulo-spiral instrument, to the surface post, with the support of elongation tip the material was injected and divided into 3 groups the post space drilled using rely-x light polymerized. In the acrylic resin the root specimens embedded and sectioned and finally measured using Universal testing machine. The overall effort is to subject for the bond strength push out. The failure bond strength specimens were studied and evaluated using operating microscopes. Result: The Elongation tip method as well as lentulo-spiral method p (value 0.052 and 0.0089). Conclusion: Using three techniques Post hoc analysis was done to find out stress bearing capacity at coronal middle and apical levels. The comparison between lentulo-spirals and direct method, the study results such as nil difference in stress bearing capacity.

Literature Review is an outline of all the information accessible on a particular subject till date. When you choose a research topic, the initial step is towards exploration and become familiar with the past research done on the subject. Literature review can be considered as the backbone on which the research concept stands as it provides the necessary context, reliability and the necessary background to the research idea. Thus Literature review is one of the most critical parts of any research. In today’s scenario Work life balance and glass ceiling is a major concern for the women who have opted to come out of their domestic chores and have chosen to work outside. Competition and challenges in the organization demands the time of women which they actually wanted to devote to their families. This imbalance can also create Glass ceiling preventing women from climbing hierarchical ladder. Review of literature on work life balance and glass ceiling of women employees has been carried out keeping in mind the objectives of the study. The researcher has reviewed the previous literature on various aspects related to work life balance (WLB). Review on Glass Ceiling is also focused in this paper. The main purpose of this paper is to find out the gap and the need to conduct this research. The source of the study includes various Journals, reports, Books, Doctoral thesis, Internet sites and Magazines

A centrifugal gas pump in oil mine was used at elevated temperature and sour environment. The pump was submerged in water to certain height. The body of the pump was ductile cast iron containing 9wt% Ni. The ductile cast iron microstructure of pump body at the top contains Chunky graphite. The lower part of the pump contains spheroidal graphite. The pump was subjected to vibration and salts of the sea in addition to heat. The heat reduced the graphite size (Chunky type) of the upper part of the pump while the lower part of the pump (base) was submerged in water which prevented the reducing of graphites (spheroidal type). The effect of salts on the upper part of Chunky graphite plus the vibration created connected caves and severe crack initiators. The cracks during vibration propagated in the upper part forming severe cracks net in matrix, graphites and carbides. The heat induced aging phenomena to increase the hardness of the upper part of pump.

Background: rapid and accurate diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) continues to be a challenge. Although culture remains the most sensitive method for confirmation of TB, the prolonged time required for culture, limit its contribution to clinical decision making. Our study aims to assess the performance of Xpert MTB/RIF test against smear and culture-confirmed cases of extrapulmonary TB. Methods: A total, 272 non-respiratory specimens (tissues, 88 (32.4%), pleural fluids, 60 (22.1%), CSF, 48 (17.6), aspirate 36 (13.2), ascetic fluid, 20 (7.4), urine, 8 (2.9), body fluid and pus 5 (1.8) each, and blood 2 (0.73) submitted to the laboratory for Mycobacteria over two-year period were comparatively investigated with the molecular-based Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay system and conventional smear and solid culture methods. Result: The reliability indices of the Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay are higher compared to smear. The overall sensitivity (82.1%) of the Gene Xpert MTB/RIF assay is significantly higher than smear (46.9 %). The highest Mtb positivity agreement between the Xpert MTB/RIF assay and Mtb culture was found in pus and CSF specimens (100 % [95% CI, 91.1 % to 100 %]) each, while the lowest Mtb positivity agreement was found in the ascetic fluids specimens (50% [95% CI, 44% to 58%]). The Area under the curve (AUC) of the Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve to assess the accuracy of smear was 0.737 (with 95% CI of 0.600-0.874), whereas the AUC of the ROC curve for Xpert MTB/RIF was 0.946 (with 95% CI of 0.000-1.00). Conclusion: The Xpert assay showed superior performance over the conventional smear for the rapid detection of M. tuberculosis, in (EPTB).

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) has been important human pathogen responsible for wide spectrum of infection ranging from mild to severe life threatening infection. The present study was carried out to assess the prevalence and susceptibility patterns of S. aureus nasal colonization among health care workers (HCWs). This study was done at the Department of Microbiology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College and Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra. A cross sectional study was carried out. Four hundred and fifty (n=450) HCWs were screened for S. aureus by nasal swabbing. S. aureus strains were detected by gram staining, catalase test, slide and tube coagulase test, phosphatase test and antibiotic sensitivity testing by Kirby-Bauer Method. The Z-test was also carried out to detect standard error of difference between two proportions. Of the 450 samples screened 102 (23%) strains of S. aureus were isolated. The overall carriage rate of S. aureus in our study was 23% with the highest rate being seen among the nursing staff 42(28%) and other categories of HCWs i.e. Doctors and Housekeeping staff carriage rate was same 30 (20%) but it was less as compared to the nursing staff. A high rate of resistance (>50%) was found against ampicillin, erythromycin and penicillin. The isolates of S. aureus were more susceptible (>80%) to gentamycin, cefoxitin, vancomycin, cephalexin and tetracyclin. Our study showed that nursing staff were the potential colonisers of S. aureus when compared to other clinical staff. This study documents the prevalence and colonization of S. aureus among HCWs at our institute.

The paper examines the influence of socio-economic status of Households on affordability of public sector housing units in Kano metropolis. A total of 1,635 housing units were the target population purposively chosen from Danladi Nasidi, Zawaciki, Jido and Wailari housing estates. Using population proportionate sample size (PPS), 314 households were determined as the sample size while the respondents were selected using simple random sampling technique (SRS). Structured interviews and self-administered questionnaires were employed for the data collection. A total of 314 copies of the questionnaire were distributed with a response rate of 99.4% (312). The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques with assistance of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The result shows households have different socioeconomic attributes, which have major influences on housing affordability. Respondents with higher socio-economic status in the society stand better chances of affording public sector housing units. The analysis has shown that income level and social standing of respondents are the major factors that determine housing affordability among the respondents. The civil servants especially low-income earners and other working class households were found to have minimum chances of housing affordability, which was also influenced by limited or no savings after family expenditures. Consequently, majority of the respondents are tenants in the public housing units. Therefore, the paper recommends a review of the method of disposing the housing units and the introduction of mortgage system that is readily accessible and easily affordable to households. It is also important for the government to make the building materials cheaper and affordable so as to enable people to meet their housing demands without falling into housing affordability problems.

The in vitro culture of meristeme according to several researchers is regarded as a means of cleansing the seedlings virus diseases. This work of tests of cleansing of banana by in vitro culture concerned three cultivars of banana: Bluggoe (Musa ABB), Prata (Musa AAB), Yangambi Km 5 (Musa AAA) infected by Banana Bunchy Top Virus (BBTV). Before in vitro culture, the immuno enzymologic test TAS-ELISA (Triple Antibody Sandwish Enzym-Linked Immuno Sorbing Assay) revealed that the totality of the seedlings of banana having 4 and 5 levels of Banana Bunchy Top Disease (BBTD) symptom were positive with the test. The setting in culture and three successive subcultures of the meristemes gave a median number of moves by going tube from 1.8 to 25.7 buds for Bluggoe, 1.5 to 26.8 buds for Prata and 1.7 to 28.5 buds per tube for Yangambi Km 5. These results prove that in vitro culture allows obtaining a large number of plants at a reduced time. After in vitro culture, the plants of banana resulting from this culture are cleansed with a percentage of 65.22 % for the cultivar Yangambi Km5 followed by Bluggoe with 71.40 % and Prata with 72.72 %. The in vitro culture thus remains a suitable technique for the cleansing of banana virus disease and can allow obtaining a large number of bananas without virus.

In this present scenario of oral surgical intervention proper instrumentation and technique holds a superior position which comes with experience of the operator, despite that, some accidents may happen when defective instruments are unknowingly used. This article reports a case of a retained fractured dental elevator tip during surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molar. The vast majority of cases reported in the literature occur during endodontic treatment, and this is an accepted common risk within the endodontic specially. However, there is very little literature regarding instrument fracture and management of cases following simple or complex exodontia. Although this is a rare incident, it reinforces the importance of checking instruments pre- and post-surgery by both the dental surgeon and assistants.

In India it has been estimated that about 42 million people suffer from thyroid diseases. The prevalence of Thyroid gland disorders depend on age, sex, ethnic and geographical factors, especially on intake of iodine. Several studies have been already assessed the knowledge regarding thyroid gland among general population with or without thyroid disorder. However there is paucity of information about the thyroid knowledge among school students. Hence we conducted a study to assess the knowledge and awareness of thyroid and its disorder among students of rural area. An Observational Cross sectional study was conducted at Adichunchanagiri residential school, using random sampling, 50 students of age group 13-17 Yrs, who agreed to give the written informed consent have been considered as study-population and those who were not willing to participate in the study were excluded from the study. In the present study, students had an average knowledge about thyroid gland position and its importance. About 44% of the study population gave correct answer about the location of the thyroid gland and 54% gave correct answer about the importance of the thyroid gland in the body. With respect to thyroid gland function, study participants had very poor knowledge. 46% of the study population believe that thyroid gland function is only to regulate the body temperature. Increasing awareness of the thyroid as well as the common conditions that impact it is the first step in achieving better health for all. Our study findings reveal that the study population had an average knowledge regarding thyroid and its associated disorders. Furthermore, information about thyroid gland, its function and its disorders should be included in the curriculum of schools, colleges, and universities.

Background: Several epidemiological studies identify hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease and renal disease, particularly patients with hypertension or congestive heart failure and in women. In the present study to investigate the level of serum uric acid in Type 2 diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetics in south Indian population. Methods: Uric acid level was measured by Uricase-PAP methodology in patients with Diabetes (n=50)/Pre diabetes (n=50). Using Chi Square test, uric acid levels in the above two groups were compared based on age, sex and other factors which can affect uric acid level. Results: The mean serum uric acid level was lower in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients compared with Pre-diabetic patients. P value comparing type2 diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetes was < 0.001. Conclusion: The serum uric acid level being higher in pre-diabetes than diabetes mellitus may serve as a potential inexpensive biomarker of deterioration of glucose metabolism.

The purpose of this study is to find out how much the influence from product and promotion factors in influencing brand awareness and purchase intention, besides also to find out how much brand awareness is in mediating product and promotion factors. This study involved 163 respondents who were consumers from Micca who at least bought Micca products once and lived in Jabodetabek. The research method used in this study is the Structural Equation Model (SEM) with Lisrel 8.8 as the software and combined with SPSS 21 to analyze the pre survey. The results showed that in the case of Micca research, the promotion variable had a positive and significant effect on purchase interest and brand awareness. While the product variable does not have a positive and significant effect on purchase interest but has a positive and significant effect on brand awareness. In addition, in this study it is also known that brand awareness has a mediating function that has a positive and significant effect on purchase interest. The description above shows that to increase purchase interest, companies should pay attention to factors that are considered by consumers in terms of promotion and brand awareness. Although the product variables in this study do not show positive and significant results in influencing purchase interest, the company still has to increase the products sold on the market to increase brand awareness, because the results of the study state that the product has a positive and significant effect on brand awareness.