Anatomy and Physiology taught in 1st MBBS, form the basic foundation to learn the art of medicine. The teaching learning methods followed in the present curriculum can be best judged by the feedback from the students. Good feedback is the key to improvement. 93 medical students (46 boys, 47 girls) participated in the study after taking an informed consent. A self developed questionnaire based on the previous studies and validated by experts was circulated. They were asked to fill it appropriately and to give their suggestions, if any. Questions were asked on teaching methods, teaching aids, timings regarding duration of theory class, dissection, duration of 1st MBBS course, teacher’s qualities and question paper pattern. Questionnaire with a 5 point Likert scale was given which included interest to do dissection, advantages of dissection and replacement for dissection. The results were motivational as most of the students opted small group teaching as the best teaching method. A combination of the audio visual aids were preferred to single. Majority of the students selected 40 min duration for theory class and dissection timings from 9-11am. Large group of students were not interested in the study hours after the college hours. Many students preferred the option “ability to teach” for the teacher’s qualities, though few opted for “personality of the teacher”. Most of them preferred 1 essay+ 6shorts+5 very shorts pattern of question paper in their final examinations. Except 2, remaining students were interested to do cadaveric dissection which is an encouraging sign. Many students agreed for advantages of cadaveric dissection. On the other hand, many disagreed for the dissection to be replaced by prosections or anatomage or 3d models. To conclude, students’ feedback is encouraging for the small group teaching using a combination of audio visual aids. They preferred to learn the art of medicine through cadaveric dissection rather than replacing it with artificial methods.

Out of their homes, Saudi women are imposed to be accompanied by their male guardians. Therefore, they suffer to complete their education. To overcome this obstacle, they currently use mobile learning (mLearning) – in the form of social networking apps such as WhatsApp or Twitter – to keep in touch with their instructors. Being specified for educational purposes, the present study used ClassDojo and Edmodo as alternatives to these apps for unlocking the potentials of mLearning for female education in KSA. Employing a quantitative, one-group design, a questionnaire was conducted for collecting data during the 2nd Semester of the academic year 2017/2018. It aimed at determining the positive perceptions of 15 Saudi female students enrolled in the last level of a teacher education programme towards mLearning.

In this article, an Intelligent Decision System (IDS) is proposed for reducing block call rate in Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA). Firstly, the network environment was characterized and parameters that impact on network accessibility studied. From the characterization result, the software related causes of block calls were studied and grouped into cases. We further developed an IDS model that links the various network states and generate an output under a transfer function. The IDS uses cases from previous experience to predict and resolve the network snags that led to block calls. Also, the system performance was validated by comparing the data obtained from real life network with that of simulation and the result shows a great improvement on the system. The novel aspect of our research are the development of a model linking all the network parameters and developing an intelligent decision system that reduces block call in a WCDMA network.

This study aims to examine the effect of audit quality and corporate governance on tax evasion practices. The sample used are State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) period 2013-2016. Sampling method use purposive sampling with 80 sample observations. The analysis tool used is SMARTPLS 3.0. The result shows that audit quality has no significant effect on tax evasion practices in SOEs in Indonesia, while corporate governance has a significant effect on tax evasion practices in SOEs in Indonesia.

Introduction: It’s not unusual that many nurses in hospitals continue to promote obsolete care practices which are handed down and applied by tradition and custom prove to be ineffective and unnecessary, in some cases even dangerous. The expression "sacred cows" appears in America in the 19th century and in Hinduism it refers to the honored state attributed to these animals, a symbol of God's generosity for humanity: it figuratively refers to people or things treated with absolute respect, immune from any criticism or dispute, particularly to old habits and routine care practices based on tradition rather than science. These "sacred monsters" have the absolute respect and therefore it is difficult to get rid of them. Methods: To detect the persistence of sacred care cows not only in a hospital setting but also at university- level and based on an American online study, a survey was carried out using a nursing practice questionnaire with "true-false" closed-ended questions: respondents were hospital and new-graduate nurses and students of central Italy. Results: The percentage of incorrect answers shows the persistence of “non-evidence-based” practices at operative and training level. Overall, findings are consistent with those obtained by the American survey, carried out on a larger sample. Conclusions: Ritual practices, not supported by scientific evidences, are still anchored in nursing, firmly rooted in cultural background of undergraduates, skilled and experienced nurses. Training and work environments fostering the "evidence-based" culture are the greatest weapon that can make nursing free from useless, ineffective if not damaging, traditional practices.

The application of this light energy results in the modification or removal of tissue. Various parameters such as laser wavelength, energy level, mode of application and tissue characteristics will influence the effect of a particular laser on the tissue. With the advent of new technology lasers have taken the sheen away from scalpel particularly in most oral surgical procedures. The advantages of using the laser, however, are balanced by several significant disadvantages. However, if used safely and properly it can be a great tool to provide a modern and advanced oral health care. This article emphasizes on the principles of laser science, tissue interaction, types of lasers and their numerous clinical applications in the oral cavity.

Ranula presents clinically as a painless mucus pseudocyst in the floor of the mouth. They typically grow slowly and may be reported as a cycle of rupture and recurrence. Simple ranulas are mucus walled off above the mylohyoid muscle. Complex or plunging ranulas develop when the mucus extravasation extends through or around the mylohyoid muscle and deeper into the neck. Various treatment modalities have been advocated based on the size and location of the ranula. Deep plunging ranulas can be managed by surgical enucleation of the ranula along with the associated salivary gland or marsupialization whereas simple superficial ranulas can be managed by surgical enucleation or less invasive procedures. Ever since the first therapeutic use by Scott for strabismus till today, the spectrum of therapeutic applications of botulinum toxin has widened. Botulinum toxin offers a transient, reversible, relatively safe treatment option to many conditions of interest in the maxillofacial region. It can be used effectively as well as efficiently as a minimally invasive alternative to conditions which are refractory to routine medical management or require extensive surgical intervention. We present a case of a simple ranula in the floor of the mouth treated by Botulinum toxin efficiently in a non-invasive manner.

Objective: To study the clinicopathological features of xanthogranulomatous inflammation in various organs. Materials and methods: A retrospective 5 years clinico-pathological study of all xanthogranulomatous inflammatory lesions observed at our Institution from 2014 to 2018 was carried out. The clinical parameters and histopathological features were documented with review of literature. Results: Total number of xanthogranulomatous inflammatory lesions encountered in this study were 31 with maximum incidence among 41-50 years age group and Female: Male ratio of 2.1:1. Around 38.7% of cases occurred in the female genital tract. Associated findings include suppuration, necrosis & hemorrhage, actinomycosis, maduramycosis, suture material, endometriosis, calculi and filariasis in this study. Conclusion: Xanthogranulomatous inflammation that mimics malignancy clinically is being increasingly encountered in various organs thereby warranting careful histopathological examination for guiding proper treatment.

Patients with pelvic mass, especially ovarian masses are commonly encountered in gynaecology clinic and this can be either benign or malignant. There is no single method which canaccurately predict ovarian malignancy. Prompt identification of ovarian malignancies and referralto a gynec-oncologist can enhance the patient survival rates. Aim of this descriptive analytical study is to evaluate the Diagnostic accuracy of the Risk of Malignancy Indices (RMI) in discriminating benign and malignant ovarian masses. Patients operated for ovarian masses between January 2017 and December 2017 were included in the study. Data regarding menopausal status, ultrasound findings, serum CA125 level and post op pathology findings were collected and analysed. A score was assigned for ultrasound findings as follows:the presence of multilocular cystic lesions, solid areas, bilateral lesions, ascites and intra-abdominal metastases, scored one point each. A total ultrasound score (U-score) was calculated for each patient. Postmenopausal status was defined as more than one year of amenorrhea, or an age of 50 years or more if the woman had undergone hysterectomy. All other women were considered to be premenopausal. RMI1, RMI 2, RMI 3, RMI 4 were calculated for all patients together with the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the four methods. RMI 1 = U × M × serum CA125, where a total ultrasound score of 0 gave U = 0, a score of 1 gave U = 1 and a score of > 2 gave U = 3; premenopausal status gave M = 1, postmenopausal M = 3. The serum level of CA125 was multiplied directly into the formula. RMI 2 = U × M × serum CA125, where a total ultrasound score of 0 or 1 gave U = 1 and a score of > 2 gave U = 4;

PAC plays an important role in helping parliament to ensure that the activities and spending of the government is according to the approval given by the parliament. In order for the PAC to be effective in performing their duties, they have to be independent in exercising their roles as a PAC members. The objective of the study is to examine the factors that contribute to the independent of the PAC in Malaysia. A study was conducted using qualitative approach to examine the factors that perceived to be important for the PAC to be independent from the perspective of PAC members and non-PAC members. The study reveals that the PAC need to be free from any form of interference, integrity of the members, non-partisan behaviour and chairman of the PAC from the opposition are the factors perceived to be important in order for the PAC to be independent.

Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) Theory and Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) had been known as two theories that most well-known in asset pricing in the capital market until now besides the Fama and French Factor Model Theories. By using monthly data return from Indonesia stock exchange composite index (IDX Composite) and sectoral stock exchange index (IDX Sectoral) for 5 years from 2013-2017 for APT model, it is known that no one of the economic risk factor in the model that could explain the stock return movement in Indonesia’s capital market. By using the same data for the APT model limited for four sectoral stock price index for the same years, however, the CAPM model could explain the stock return movement in Indonesia’s capital market. Accordingly, the business people in Indonesia’s capital market considered more on the stock price than the sistemic risk of the macroeconomic risks.

Introduction: the theoretical basis used in this study is compliance theory. Compliance theory can encourage someone to comply more with applicable regulations, as well as taxpayers who try to fulfill their obligations, namely paying taxes in a timely manner. Tax payments that are made in a timely manner will be beneficial for the taxpayers themselves because they will not be subject to sanctions due to delays in paying taxes and will also be able to assist the state in fulfilling its obligations namely increasing infrastructure development to support public services. Objective of the papers: this study aims to determine: the simultaneous effect of service quality, penalties, and awareness of taxpayers to taxpayer compliance on MSMEs in Jambi City and the partial effect of service quality, penalties and awareness of taxpayers to taxpayer compliance on MSMEs in Jambi City and the dominant variables have an effect to taxpayer compliance on MSMEs in Jambi City. Method: The samples in this study were 90 respondents. Sampling was simple random sampling method. Methods of data collection using the survey questionnaire instrument. Statistical tests in this study using multiple linear regression analysis with a significance level of 5%. Findings: The results showed that both simultaneously and partially all variables, service quality, penalties, and awareness of taxpayer affect taxpayer compliance. Variables that have the greatest influence are service quality. Conclusion: With the influence of service quality, penalties, and awareness of taxpayers to enhancement taxpayer compliance on MSMEs in Jambi City, it is hoped that the Jambi City government can optimize revenue through the tax sector and optimize the growth of MSMEs in Jambi City.

The inflammatory proteins S100A8 and S100A9 form a heterocomplex associated with the prognosis of various cancers. This study aims to examine the association between S100A8 and S100A9 expressions and various pathological variables in primary lung adenocarcinoma (AC). Serial paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 150 patients with lung AC resected at the Shizuoka General Hospital were immunostained and assessed. In patients with invasive lung AC (n = 132), an overlap between S100A8 and S100A9 immunopositivities was observed. S100A8 alone was not reported, but both immunopositivities were associated with high histological grade (P < 0.05), and S100A8 immunopositivity was associated with vessel permeation, poor pT categories, node metastasis, and poor pStage (P < 0.05). In patients with AC in situ (n = 18), only limited S100A9 immunopositivity was observed. The overexpression of S100A8 (S100A8/S100A9 up-regulation) might be a poor prognostic factor in lung AC.

This study was designed to investigate the relationship between teachers’ classroom leadership styles and students’ achievement motivation in Obio-Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. Three research questions which were transformed into three hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted a correlational design. From SS II student population from 14 public senior secondary schools, 400 students were randomly selected and presented with two research questionnaires titled, “Teachers’ Classroom Leadership Style Questionnaire” (TCLSQ) and “Achievement Motivation Inventory” (AMI) adopted from Muthee and Thomas (2009). The TCLSQ and AMI had reliability coefficients of 0.83 and 0.86 respectively. Relevant data collected were analyzed with Pearson Product Moment Correlation Statistics. The results of the findings showed that, there was a positive and moderate relationship between autocratic leadership style and students’ achievement motivation, which was statistically significant. In addition, there was a positive but low relationship between teachers’ classroom leadership style of laissez-faire and students’ achievement motivation, which was however, also statistically significant. Finally, it was also found out that, there was a significant but positive and moderate relationship between teachers’ classroom democratic leadership style and students’ achievement motivation. Based on these findings, it was recommended among others that, teachers adopt leadership styles that will bring about optimal achievement motivation among students.

This study is analyzing about the issue of blood to various department and find out the major cause for need of blood. For that the issue of blood to various departments in Govt Sivagangai medical college in the year 2018 was collected and analysed. We found that more than 50% of our issue was to CEmON Centre (Comprehensive Emergency Obstetrics and Neonatal care). Among that the blood was mainly used for the correction of anaemia in antenatal and post-natal mothers. So correction of anaemia in early antenatal period by proper protocols will decrease the burden