ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | March 31, 2019
Prevalence of Hepatitis B Infection among Female Patients Attending Integral IMS & Research Hospital, Lucknow
Nigar Fatima, Dr. Noor Jahan, Dr. Asma Nigar
Page no 215-219 |
10.21276/sjpm.2019.4.3.14
Hepatitis B infection is caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV), an enveloped DNA virus belonging to family Hepadnaviridae
that infects the liver and causes hepatocellular necrosis and inflammation which are serious public health problem
worldwide. The Present study was conducted in the department of microbiology on 456 female patients. The serums were
obtained by centrifugation & test was done. The Hepatitis B surface Ag was detected by using HEPACARDS kit. In our
current study on 456 female patients were screened for HBsAg and we found that 5.3% female patients were reactive
with HBsAg in serum and 94.7% were Non reactive with HBsAg out of 456 female patients. Higher prevalence of
HBsAg was reported in most sexually active age group.i.e.21-40 years (57.5%) and least in age group 81-100 (0.4%). In
the light of current study, it can be concluded that the Hepatitis B contributes significantly to chronic liver diseases in
India and being transmitted through parenteral, sexual or perinatal mode. The study revealed high prevalence rate of
HBV among female patients (5.3%).
ORIGINAL REASEARCH ARTICLE | March 31, 2019
The Influence of Non-Monetary Factors on Employee’s Satisfaction and Retention in Nigeria Organisations
Sunday Aguwamba, Macaulay Onovughakpo Augustine
Page no 276-282 |
10.36348/sjbms.2019.v04i03.011
Worldwide, retention of skilled employees has been of serious concern to managers in the face of ever increasing high rate of employee turnover. Excessively high and low turnover rates, both have a negative consequence on the success and productivity of the sector. The focus of the study is to investigate the influence of non-monetary factors on employee’s satisfaction and retention in Nigeria organizations. A survey of 60 full- time employees selected through stratified sampling techniques in Edo and Taraba state reveals that age of the firm, autonomy in work place; training, internal career opportunity, reward and recognition have positive significant relationship with employee’s retention. However, the study recommends that organizations should emphasize on the extrinsic factors like attractive salary package and also should give additional benefit for the good performances of the employees. Finally, organizations should adopt adequate and competitive monetary policy strategies that will discourage employee turnover.
Keywords: Employees Satisfaction, Employees Retention, Non-Monetary
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | March 31, 2019
Assessment of the Utility of FNAC as an Initial Diagnostic Modality in Patients with Swellings in the Head, Neck and Face Region
Dr. Prakash Roplekar, Dr. Amira, Dr. Ali
Page no 220-225 |
10.21276/sjpm.2019.4.3.15
Background: The presence of a mass in head, neck and face region often pose a challenging diagnostic problem to the
clinician who is confronted with a maze of possibilities. The routine work up comprises of clinical history, clinical
examination and other diagnostic aids like radiology which often fail to resolve the vexing problem regarding the nature
of the mass. An early recognition and categorization of lesions is essential for treatment. Aim of the Study: To assess the
utility of FNAC as an initial diagnostic modality in patients with swellings in the head, neck and face region. Materials
and Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of General Pathology of D.Y. Patil Medical College. The
ethical clearance for study protocol was obtained from ethical committee of the institution. The present study emphasizes
on the diagnostic utility of the fine needle aspiration of head, neck and face swellings. This study is undertaken from
February 2015- June 2016. All the patients referred to the department of pathology for FNAC of swellings in the region
of head, neck and face, were analysed. A total number of 484 FNAC cases are analysed in this study.
REVIEW ARTICLE | March 31, 2019
Incorporating 21st Century Skills in Curricula
Mohanan P, Abdul Mohammed Ali Jinnah
Page no 46-49 |
10.36348/sijll.2019.v02i02.002
This paper attempts to discuss the need for fostering 21st century skills in schools, especially in English Language classrooms. Our school systems need to respond to the changing world. The new generation is to be prepared for the new careers, by connecting their learning with real life. Schools should build the young generation for the future. This is possible only when the curricula incorporate the 21st century skills to frame the syllabi to meet the changing needs. The teaching- learning process should be made challenging, inspiring, interesting and effective. Language classroom can contribute much to this effect by connecting physical and virtual environment that can connect the learners with a “variety of learning resources, and with people of different cultural backgrounds.” This may enhance learning experiences and individual development. The present century is technology rich and immensely complex. Learners in the present century need abundant opportunities to participate in connected learning environments that can ensure perfect learner engagement. Classroom environment should provide the learners with the opportunities to acquire the skills like critical thinking, problem solving, creativity, innovation, celebration, team work, leadership, cross-cultural understanding, etc. This can equip the learners with the ability to face the challenges of the modern society. Learning is a lifelong process .So the learners must get chances to update themselves with the latest trends and information. English is the ideal context for introducing and building 21st century skills
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | March 31, 2019
Comparison between Morphological Typing of Anemia based on RBC Indices Obtained from an Automated Haematology Analyzer with Peripheral Blood Smear Examination
Meenu Venukumar, Suma M.T
Page no 226-232 |
10.21276/sjpm.2019.4.3.16
The automated hematology analyzer providing CBC has become the keystone of modern hematology laboratories and
has replaced the traditional manual methods. Morphological typing of anemia is routinely done based on RBC indices
like MCV, MCH, MCHC and RDW and also by peripheral smear examination. In this study morphological typing of
different types of anemia were done by indices obtained from automated analyzer and by peripheral smear and were
compared.400 cases of anemia were analyzed by sysmex XT 1800i analyzer and results compared and correlated. Out of
400 cases 351 cases showed a concordant typing and 49 cases showed a non-concordant typing and 12.25% of cases
required a peripheral smear review for the correct typing of anemia. The sensitivity and specificity of the sysmex XT
1800i analyzer were calculated as 97% and 91% respectively for the detection of microcytes, 96.5% and 97.5%
respectively for the detection of macrocytes and 91% and 90.5% respectively for the detection of normocytes. Most of
the non-concordant cases belonged to the category of normocytic normochromic anemia with raised RDW.
Morphological typing of anemia from the RBC indices and RDW showed a high sensitivity and specificity, except for
some cases with a raised RDW which required an additional peripheral smear examination for the correct typing. So
manual peripheral smear examination still holds important role in the modern laboratory practice as it provides us with
many information for the proper diagnosis and management.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | March 31, 2019
A Study on Glucose Tolerance Test at Different Stages
R. Salma Mahaboob, G. Anitha
Page no 83-86 |
10.36348/sijb.2019.v02i03.003
The glucose tolerance signifies the ability of the body to dispose off an additional load of glucose given. This test is useful in distinguishing a person with a normal glucose tolerance from people who have increased tolerance in disease conditions. Aim of the study to study on glucose tolerance test. Approximately 40% of subjects who will develop type 2 diabetes are within the NGT range at OGTT, indicating that there is a large number of NGT subjects who constitute the larger reservoir of future type 2 diabetes. OGTT detects diabetes more efficiently than FPG as it recognizes altered post-prandial metabolism.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | March 31, 2019
Clinico-Histopathological Correlation in Hansen’s Disease
Dr. S. Srismitha, Dr. S. Karthik, Dr. B. Shobana, Dr. S. Manjani
Page no 258-263 |
10.21276/sjpm.2019.4.3.22
Aim: The aim of the present study was to perform clinico-histopathological correlation of skin lesions in all patients with
a clinical suspicion of Hansen’s disease. Materials and Methods: A 3 year retrospective study from 2016-2018 was
carried out with all the clinically suspected cases of Hansen’s disease along with histopathological examination of skin
biopsies. Results: Out of the 60 cases diagnosed as Hansen’s disease, majority belonged to age goup 31-40 years with a
male preponderance. Most number of cases diagnosed were of Borderline tuberculoid type (24/60). Overall clinicohistopathological correlation was 58.3%. Maximum correlation was evident at the polar ends of the spectrum with a
slightly better correlation for lepromatous leprosy (75%). Conclusion: Correlation between clinical and histopathological
features is required for accurate classification of Hansen’s disease. Clinical detection and histopathological diagnosis of
borderline lesions remains challenging and hence the need for interpretation along with the clinical findings.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | March 31, 2019
A Study of Clinical Profile of Patients with Anaemia Admitted At Tertiary Care Centre
Amit Vaghela
Page no 254-256 |
10.36348/sjm.2019.v04i03.018
Background: Anaemia is reduced oxygen carrying capacity of blood, due to reduced RBC mass and/or haemoglobin concentration [1]. Causes of anaemia include nutritional deficiencies, inherited genetic defects, medication-related side effects and chronic diseases. We had studied patients attending our tertiary care centre to determine aetiology of anaemia and its different clinical aspects during period of July 2012 to March 2014. Methods: A total 100 patients having anaemia were enrolled in the study and detailed clinical examination and relevant laboratory investigations were performed. Results: Out of 100 patients 55 were females and 45 were males. In present study 45 females fall in age between 12-40 years and 29 males were in the similar age group. Most common presenting symptoms were generalised weakness and easy fatigability. Pallor was noted in 94 patients. Severe anaemia (Hb <7 g/dl) were seen in 89% of the cases. 34% of the patients had subnormal serum iron levels and 45 patients were having low serum vit. B12 level (<187 pg/dl). Among other causes, 7 patients had anaemia of chronic disease, 4 had malabsorption and 2 had drug toxicity. Conclusion: Vitamin B12 deficiency in association with iron deficiency was found to be the commonest cause for anaemia in the study group. Haemolytic anaemia was more common in males in thid study
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | March 31, 2019
Is It Time to Bid Adieu to the Traditional Histological Prognostic Parameters in Breast Carcinoma? Not Yet
Dr. Ghazala Rizvi, Dr. Prerna Tamta, Dr. Ranjan Agarwal
Page no 233-239 |
10.21276/sjpm.2019.4.3.17
Introduction – With the coming of adjuvant hormonal therapy, evaluation of hormone receptors now plays a pivotal role
in the therapeutic management in breast carcinoma. HER2/neu positive tumors are resistant to tamoxifen based therapies.
With the advent of Trastuzumab, the prognosis of this subset of tumors has improved. In this bewildering array of
prognostic factors, the conventional prognostic histological features seem to have lost their importance. Material and
methods- Fifty cases of mastectomy performed for breast carcinoma were taken in the study. Immunohistochemistry was
performed for ER, PR and HER2/neu. Correlation between them and the conventional histological prognostic features
was studied. Chi square test was used for statistical analysis. Results- ER, PR showed a statistically significant positive
correlation with each other. PR & HER2/neu showed no correlation with tumor size whereas ER showed a statistically
negative correlation with size of the tumor. An inverse correlation was seen between tumor grades, mitotic count and ER,
PR. HER2/neu showed no correlation with either grade or mitotic count though a significant positive correlation was
seen with nuclear pleomorphism. Neither the hormone receptors not HER2/neu showed any correlation with lymph node
status. Conclusion- Histological features are still valuable in judging the prognosis of breast carcinoma. Triple negative
and ER+PR- tumors are unresponsive to systemic adjuvant hormone therapy. In addition cost and availability can be
limiting factors in applicability of these tests especially in low socioeconomic conditions and resource limited centers.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | March 31, 2019
Factors That Intervene In Students of First Semester in the Choice of Top Studies Carrera: Engineering in Business Management
Lama Martínez Alexandra Jocelyn, Arturo González Torres, Marrón Ramos Domingo Noé, Mendoza Montero Fátima Yaraset, Martínez Carrillo Eligio, Ávila Pérez Tagle Alfonso
Page no 234-242 |
10.36348/sjbms.2019.v04i03.006
The present project constitutes an investigation about the factors that intervene in first semester students when choosing a university. The study employs a 95% reliability in the first semester of the Engineering in Business Management degree. The results obtained in this research were various factors that are involved in the choice of a university environment such as family, economic or skills
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | March 31, 2019
Prevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) and Hepatitis B Antibodies among Commercial Motor Park Workers in Jos North, Nigeria
Nkup, Jude Yunzoom, Ocheme Julius, Jesinta Sule, Samirah David, Nanya Cirfat, Innocent Otobo, Anejo-Okopi Joseph
Page no 240-244 |
10.21276/sjpm.2019.4.3.18
Although there are several reports on the prevalence of HBsAg in Nigeria, there is paucity of data on the prevalence of
HBsAg and HBAb among motor park workers in the country. Objective: This study aimed to determine the
seroprevalence and risk factors among commercial Motor park workers in Jos, Nigeria. Methods: One hundred and thirty
one (131) commercially motor park Workers who consented to take part in this study were recruited. Aseptically, 5ml of
venous blood was collected from each participant and screened for HBsAg and HBAbs markers using one step, rapid
chromatographic immunoassay and associated risk factors using structured questionnaire which was voluntarily
completed by the participants and the data were thereafter analysed. Results: Of the 131 participants, 105 were males and
26 females with age range between 16-75 years. An overall HBsAg seropositivity of 16.8% and HBAbs positivity of
74.8% were observed. On multivariate analysis, factors such as multiple sexual partners: HBsAg (35.0%), anti-HBs
(10.0%), anti-HBe (20.0%) and anti-HBc (35.0%); history of surgery: HBsAg (64.3%), anti-HBs (21.4%), anti-HBe
(7.1%) and anti-HBc (7.1); lack of condom usage: HBsAg (15.7%) anti-HBs (28.7%), anti-HBe (18.3%) and anti-HBc
(27.8%) were among some determinants of HBV infection in this study. Conclusion: The data results suggest high
prevalence of HBV among this mobile group of people;, and with the increasing number of individuals and corporate
bodies engaged in one or more activities at motor parks, there is the need for deliberate efforts for preventive measures.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | March 31, 2019
Comparative Evaluation of the Recent Diagnostic Criteria of HbA1c with Fasting Blood Glucose
Rishabh Agrawal, Sanjay Bhatt
Page no 97-101 |
10.36348/sijb.2019.v02i03.006
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) refers to a group of common metabolic disorders that share the phenotype of hyperglycemia. Depending on the etiology of the DM, factors contributing to hyperglycemia include reduced insulin secretion, decreased glucose utilization, and increased glucose production [1]. Aims and Objective: To evaluate the performance of Enzymatic and HPLC assay systems for determination of HbA1c. Material and Methods: This study was conducted from November, 2016 to December, 2017. The subjects under the study were enrolled from outpatient department of Medicine after obtaining written informed consent in bilingual languages from all the 100 subjects after describing all pros and cons. Fasting Plasma glucose and HbA1c were estimated in Department of Biochemistry, SRMS IMS. Result and Discussion: Maximum percentages of patients were in age 51 to 60 years (32%) while the least percentage of patients was from the age group 21 to 30 years (2%). Present study comprising 38% females and 62% males. HbA1c distribution in subjects by Enzymatic method in Mean ± SD (8.598 ± 2.29) with minimum of 6.2% and maximum 20.4%. The FPG distribution in Subjects 154.37 ± 40.13 (Mean ± SD) with minimum FPG of 96 mg/dl and maximum 289 mg/dl. Conclusion: HbA1c has come to play an integral role in the management of diabetes, one of the world’s most prevalent non-communicable diseases. HbA1c defines an end point as the fuel of diabetic therapy and provides a powerful stimulus to the patients to improve their compliance. HbA1c remains the gold standard in the assessment of glycemic control with availability of standardize methods.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | March 31, 2019
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria Causing Biliary Tract Infection: A Tertiary Care Centre Study from North India
Ashish Bajaj, Archana Thakur, Bibhabati Mishra, Poonam S Loomba, Vinita Dogra, Rup Jyoti Chandak, Prachala G Rathod
Page no 245-249 |
10.21276/sjpm.2019.4.3.19
Higher morbidity and mortality is seen with bacteraemia caused by Biliary tract infection. Due to the presence of biliary
sphincter, bile remains sterile despite presence of high concentration of bacteria in duodenum. Increased ductal pressure
due to obstruction in biliary tree, can result in biliary stasis and bacterial multiplication resulting in cholangitis. 16% to
85% of bacteriobilia have been reported in various studies worldwide in patients of biliary tract infection. Govind
Ballabh Pant institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research (GIPMER) is a super speciality hospital providing
care to patients from all over India. This study was performed to identify the bacteria causing Biliary tract infection and
study their resistant pattern. A total of 229 intraoperative bile aspirates from gastrointestinal surgery department were
received in microbiology department of GIPMER and analysed. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing
was performed as per standard techniques. Bacterial growth was seen in 166(72.48%) out of 229 patients. Polymicrobial
cultures 27(16.27%) were less frequent in comparison with Monomicrobial growth 139(83.73%). Commonest isolate was
Escherichia coli (47.94%) followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (17.53%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16.49%), and
Enterococcus spp. (11.34%). High resistance was observed against routinely used antibiotics by Gram negative bacteria,
such as ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, piperacillin/tazobactam, and low resistance was observed against carbapenems and
colistin. The study shows that analysis of bile can be valuable in preparing a better treatment strategy in biliary tract
infection. Rapid development of multidrug resistance in gram-negative bacteria causing biliary tract infections remains
the cause of concern.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | March 31, 2019
Preliminary Result on the Seroprevalence of Rubella among Pregnant Women in Third Health District of Lome City (TOGO)
Akila Bassowa, Baguilane Douaguibe, Dede Ajavon, Kodjo Fiagnon, Samadou Aboubakari, Koffi Akpadza
Page no 92-97 |
10.36348/sijog.2019.v02i03.010
In order to know the prevalence of rubella among pregnant women and, if possible, to introduce the rubella test in the antenatal check-up to improve the follow-up of pregnant women, we studied the seroprevalence of rubella among women pregnant who came to antenatal care in the third health district of the city of Lome. The objective of this study was to study the immune status of pregnant women against rubella and, more specifically, to assess their level of knowledge about this viral disease, which is considered infrequent in developing countries. We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study that allowed us to randomize 150 pregnant women. The data was analyzed with the Epi-Info version 6 software. With 150 women who participated in the survey, the results showed us a prevalence rate as follows: immunoglobulin G +, immunoglobulin M- (66.7%); Immunoglobulin G-, Immunoglobulin M- (25, 3%) with a suspicious population of 8%. In knowledge of the disease, only 26% of pregnant women had knowledge of the disease. None of the 150 women have been vaccinated against rubella. In view of the possible congenital consequences of rubella, the authors recommend systematic screening of pregnant women for prenatal consultation
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | March 31, 2019
In Vitro Detection of Biofilm Formation by Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli in A Tertiary Care Hospital
Snehal Patil, Shailendra Patil, Anant Urhekar
Page no 250-253 |
10.21276/sjpm.2019.4.3.20
Introduction: Biofilm are surface associated bacterial communities surrounded by a matrix of exo-polymers and are
responsible for development of clinical infections.Urinary tract infections are considered to be one of the most common
bacterial infections.Uropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli account for 70-95% of the UTIs. The bacteria enclosed
within the biofilm are extremely resistant to treatment. Objective: To study Biofilm formation of Uropathogenic
Escherichia coli by Tube method and Tissue Culture Plate method. Material and Methods: The study was carried out at
Department of Microbiology, MGM Medical College, Kamothe, Navi Mumbai from October 2015 – September 2016.
Total 200 urine samples were processed. Out of 200 samples, 100 isolates of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli were
included in this study. They were identified by standard microbiological procedures. These isolates were subjected to
biofilm production by Tube method and Tissue culture plate method. Results: Out of 102 Uropathogenic Escherichia coli
isolates 40.19% were biofilm producers by Tube Method and 47.05% by Tissue culture Plate Method. Conclusion: Tube
Method correlated well with Tissue Culture Plate method for strong biofilm detection in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli.