This study aims to find out how the basic idea of the existence of a Reviewing Institution in criminal proceedings in realizing legal certainty and justice; Implications of the decision of the Constitutional Court Number 66/PU-XIII / 2015 and the formulation policy on future review of the Criminal Procedure Code. This research is normative legal research. The approach used is the law approach; conceptual approach and comparative approach. The results of this study are: In accordance with the nature of the final and binding decision of the constitutional court, the Constitutional Court Decision Number 66 / PU-XIII / 2015 refers to the fundamental principle that justice is the highest legal objective. Citizens' rights as guaranteed by the constitution must not be restricted because they are guaranteed by the constitution. Based on a comparative formulation study in several countries such as in the Chinese Criminal Procedure Code and the Dutch Criminal Procedure Code, the regulatory norms regarding the number of times the Submission of Judicial Review may be submitted are not formulated but the KUHAP of the two countries further regulates in detail the mechanisms and procedures for the Judicial Review. Then the policy formulation of norms for reviewing the KUHAP in the future in addition to referring to the comparison but also must be constitutional in accordance with the decision of the Constitutional Court Number 66 / PUU-XIII / 2015.

Benign anal or perianal conditions including haemorrhoids, anal fissures, perianal abscesses, and fistulae are commonly observed in general practice. This study carried out to evaluate the most common perianal conditions in adult patients of varying age treated surgically in a periphery general hospital, examining complications, recurrence and mortality rates. A prospective cross sectional study was conducted, at Almikhwah General Hospital, with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. A total of 75 patients subjected to surgical treatments for bengin perianal disease were eligible. Their mean age was 35.8 years, and male to female ratio was 1.8:1. The mean duration of symptoms was 35.6 days. The most common conditions were abscess and haemorrhoids that’s seen in 44% and 29% respectively, whereas, fistula in ano was the least (6.7%). The mean hospital stay was 2.1. Complication was encountered in 1.3%. The mean duration of analgesic use was 2.07. One year follow up revealed no recurrence or mortality. In conclusion, most patients presenting with anorectal symptoms will have benign anorectal pathology and can be successfully treated in the periphery hospital setting.

Topic: The advent of gynecological endoscopic surgery at a tertiary care hospital in Sikkim, a remote north- eastern state of India. Gynecological surgeries are being increasingly performed worldwide and have gained popularity because of shorter duration of surgery, decreased blood loss and faster recovery after surgery which decreases the cost of hospitalization. This has generated a keen interest in a large number of gynecologists who are getting trained in laparoscopic procedures and in turn are facilitating the establishment and smooth running of laparoscopy units in their own working area. The laparoscopic unit in our hospital was also started with the idea of imparting quality health care to the patients. The difficulties encountered in setting up the unit, monetary issues , training of surgeons and then counselling the patients about the advantages of undergoing laparoscopic surgery and their dilemma in accepting laparoscopic surgery in place of open surgeries are will be discussed

Occipital Aneurysmal bone cyst is a rare benign tumor-like mass of the children and young adults. It is more frequent to the long bones and to the spine, but its location to the cranium is unusual. It is a lytic lesion, causing bone augmentation with a heterogeneous bloody content. Since its first description in 1942, only few cases have then been published in the literature and all have been listed in the text. We discuss through a successfully managed case of a 2 years old child the pathogenicity, the morphologic and radiologic criteria suggestive of this unusual pseudo-tumor and also discuss treatment options.

As the growth of international marriages increased, this thematic analysis study focused on mothers-in-law in multicultural families in South Korea. This study explored mothers-in-law‟s experiences of living with an immigrant daughter-in-law in multicultural families in South Korea. This study used thematic analysis of qualitative methods, included 10 mothers-in-law selected from rural areas. The participants‟ attitudes toward the marriage of their son were divided into three stages; “the early stage,” “acceptance of the international marriage,” and “life at present.” These three stages comprised 5 themes and 14 sub-items. Mothers-in-law living with an immigrant daughter-in-law had many physical illnesses, psychological problems, and they felt guilty or that they had sinned. However, they had no support system. Participants of this study wanted to receive social support and sincere human relationship. In practice, the Korean society needs to change its perception and develop positive attitudes toward multicultural marriages.

Macro-vascular and micro-vascular complications of diabetes significantly cause morbidity and mortality among diabetic subjects in India. The study was to assess the prevalence of micro vascular complications of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic subjects and to analyze the relationship of occurrence of micro vascular complications with its risk factors in a tertiary care teaching and multi specialty hospital. The targeted and opportunistic screening analysis shows that the mean age of diabetic subjects’ were 54.27±9.27 years and 72.09% of newly diagnosed cases. The overweight 37.20%, hypertension 30.23%, diabetic neuropathy 25.56%, diabetic retinopathy 11.62%, diabetic nephropathy 18.60% and in the present study, 55.81% of asymptomatic newly diagnosed type 2 Diabetes patients had at least one or more microvascular complications. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by a long asymptomatic period before it is diagnosed. In our study the results shows significant association of these risk factors in Type 2 diabetes and was treated as early as possible to decrease the progression of vascular complications

Background: There is no standard protocol for treating oral lichen planus. We need to develop potent alternative immunosuppressive agent to benefit the patients. Aim: To investigate the efficacy of 0.1% tacrolimus with Colgate Oraguard-B paste for the treatment of patients with oral lichen planus. Methods: One hundred patients with clinical evidence of the lesion of oral lichen planus followed by histopathological confirmation seeking care at outpatient department were included in the study. Patients were provided with 0.1% tacrolimus ointment with Colgate Oraguard-B paste as the study medication. Reassessment was done from 3 months to 4 months, with follow-up of 2 years and 6 months. Results: Mean values of pre and post VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) for erosive and atrophic forms of oral lichen planus were 9.35±1.02, 2.96±0.24 and 7.82±0.56, 1.71±0.22 respectively. Similarly mean pre and post VAS scores for reticular and mixed forms of oral lichen planus were 4.16±0.44, 1.32±0.34 and 7.36±0.59, 3.33±0.48 respectively. Statistically significant results were obtained between pre and post treatment values on the Visual Analogue Scale among all forms of oral lichen planus. Conclusion: Topical tacrolimus ointment 0.1% with Oraguard-B paste showed us encouraging results for symptomatic Oral lichen planus. Clinical improvement was achieved in about a month’s treatment course.

Introduction: Incidence of shivering after spinal anaesthesia is common complaint in present anaesthesia practice. Several drugs available to manage shivering such as Pethidine, Tramadol, Dexmedetomidine etc. Among all Dexmedetomidine is effective. This study was designed to assess the efficacy of Dexmedetomidine, Tramadol and Pethidine in the management of shivering under spinal anaesthesia. Materials and Methods: A total 120 cases between age group 21 to 60 years, undergoing elective lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries under spinal anaesthesia method between ASA grade I&II were recruited. Based on drug administered study cases were randomly divided into 3 groups Group 1 with Inj. Tramadol 0.5mg/kg, Group 2 with Inj. Pethidine 0.5mg/kg and Group 3 with Inj. Dexmedetomidine 0.5μg/kg. Heart rate, BP, temperature, Shivering grades and seduction grades was noted for every 5 minutes interval till 15 min and then 15 min interval till 120 minutes. Results: Dexmedetomidine drug was showed better outcome than other drugs. Among the 40 cases, three cases who were given dexmedetomidine had shivering. In tramadol and Pethidine drug groups, 22 and 9 cases had shivering respectively at various time intervals. Dexmedetomidine had onset of sedation at 5 minutes with sedation score 3. In tramadol group, onset of sedation was seen at 15 minutes with sedation score 2. In Dexmedetomidine group, 5 cases had bradycardia and 3 cases had hypotension which was statistically not significant. None of the cases with above symptoms was found in tramadol and Pethidine group. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg has been shown effective in reducing shivering than tramadol 0.5 mg/kg and Pethidine 0.5 mg/kg. Dexmedetomidine had higher degree of sedation rate than tramadol and Pethidine

Background: Menopause is an important transitional phase in women's life and needs active coping. Aim of study was to: Describe the coping patterns among menopausal women working at Zagazig University Hospitals. Subjects and methods: Research design: A descriptive study design was used. Setting: The study was conducted in the emergency departments of Zagazig University Hospitals (four hospitals). Sample: A purposive sample composed of 240 menopausal age fulltime employees at the setting. Tools of data collection: Two tools were used, Tool I: A self-administrated questionnaire composed of 3 parts. Part one: Covering respondents demographic. Part 2: This was for the details of women's obstetrical history, menopausal characteristics' and various menopausal symptoms .Part3: Intended to assess woman’ knowledge about menopause. Tool II: Various women coping strategies to deal with menopause. Results: The duration of menopause among the study sample was less than five years in 65.0% with a mean of 3.8 ± 2.7 and 62.1% had moderate/ severe menopausal symptoms, in additions to 79.6% of the study sample had total satisfactory knowledge. The cognitive coping strategy was the most commonly used 74.2% and only 15.4% &12.1% respectively of the study sample were using the re-interpretation and catastrophizing strategies. Conclusion: A high proportion of the menopausal women suffer moderate to severe menopausal symptoms, their knowledge about menopause was high, and they mostly use the cognitive coping strategy. Recommendations: The study recommended educational programs to improve women’ knowledge and coping regarding menopause.

Caecal diverticulitis is an uncommon condition in western countries and is often confused with the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. A distinction between the two entities is almost made intraoperatively. The management of solitary inflamed caecal diverticulae is still controversial; it ranges from a conservative approach with antibiotics to a right hemicolectomy. We present a case of 27 year old female which presented to the emergency department with symptoms similar to acute appendicitis. However, a CT scan showed signs of perforated caecal diverticulitis, thus an ileocaecal resection was realized. Across our case and a literature review, we try to highlight the difficulty of a preoperative diagnosis of this rare clinical condition and to discuss essentially its surgical management

This research was conducted to examine the effect of Good Corporate Governancen (GCG) and debt policy on dividend policy with profitability as an intervening variable. The proxy of GCG in this study is institutional ownership and the frequency of board meetings while the debt policy is proxied through leverage (debt equity ratio). The population in this study is that all companies indexed by compass 100 listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2017 are 66 companies, with the sampling method using purposive sampling. The results obtained in this study are that institutional ownership has no influence on dividend policy either directly or indirectly through variable intervening ROE. While the frequency of board of directors meetings and debt policy (DER) has an influence on dividend policy both directly and indirectly through variable intervening ROE. The conclusion of the study is that profitability is able to become a variable intervening between GCG proxied through the frequency of board of directors meetings and debt policies that are proxied through DER on dividend policy. Companies that have large profitability tend to provide high dividends.

Background: Lack of medication adherence to anti-diabetic therapy causes suboptimal glycemic control and leads to treatment failure and increased mortality from diabetes complications. The study aimed to assess medication adherence among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at outpatient setting and its correlation with glycemic control. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted between January 2019 and March 2019 at several outpatient clinics in Ibb city, Yemen. A total of 370 patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus who use oral hypoglycemic drug therapy for at least 3 months were enrolled in the study. Fasting and postprandial blood glucose as well as glycosylated hemoglobin were measured and details of drug therapy were noted. Morisky Medication Adherence Scale was used to assess medication adherence. Results: Only 1.1% of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients had high medication adherence to oral hypoglycemic drugs, while 61.9% had moderate and 37% had low medication adherence. Most common medication adherence issues identified in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were forgetting to take their medication when traveling, stopping of medication once feeling better, and difficulty to adhere to medication plan. Only 12.1% were having optimally controlled glycemic levels, whereas 87.8% were having uncontrolled glycemic levels. Conclusions: Despite having a good overall medication adherence among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, the glycemic control still low in most patients. The study shows urgent need for reviewing anti-diabetic pharmacotherapy, counseling, and health education of patients.

The aim of this study is to investigates the role of auditor Independence and materiality and risk on audit quality reduction, which is mediated by non audit service. In order to generate the goal of the study, we conduct a survey study at the public accounting firm. We test our 246 usable data from public accountant using Structural Equation Modelling analysis. The results indicate that eirther auditor ethics or materiality and risk had a negative effect on reduced audit quality Replacing and altering of audit process. Otherwise non audit services mediate the relationship between auditor auditor independence and materiality and risk to audit quality reduction.

Public waste disposal workers in Cross River State do not take precautionary measures and are exposed to waste that generates gases, dust and microorganisms. Spirometry and respiratory symptoms in public waste workers in Cross River state, Nigeria was studied with the aid of a spirometer and questionnaire respectively. Dust and gases (NO2, SO2, H2S and FL) emitted from the vicinity were also studied. Two hundred and forty (240) male subjects were used for the study comprising 120 test and 120 control subjects with similar anthropometric parameters. Results showed that the mean FVC (Liters) in the test subjects was significantly reduced (p<0.01) compared to the control. Mean FEV1 (liter) of the test group was significantly lower (p<0.001) than control. Result for FEV1% (Liters) and PEFR (L/min) in the test subjects was not significantly different compared to control. Percentage of oxygen saturation (SPO2%) in both control and test subjects were not significantly different. Dust levels (mg/m3) in the test sites was significantly higher (p<0.001) than in control sites. SO2, NO2 and H2S were significantly higher in test sites compared to control (p<0.05-p<0.01). There was a higher incidence of respiratory symptoms such as productive cough, sneezing etc in public waste workers. Public waste workers had a restrictive pattern of impairment caused likely by significantly high dust levels with SO2 level which exceeded the ambient levels as documented by the Federal Ministry of Environment in Nigeria

Oil palm is a strategic commodity in the Indonesian national economy. The condition of the oil palm seed industry in Indonesia has continued to change as a result of the increase of new domestic seed producers, thus affecting consumer behaviour and the direction of corporate strategy. PPKS itself as one of Indonesia's oil palm seed producers has been impacted by the changes occurring both from the instability of Crude Palm Oil prices, moratorium, regulation, increased competition and economic shifts. In the current era of distraction, PPKS must move quickly, precisely and responsibly to survive from the competition is increasingly competitive. At this moment, competitive conditions are too tight that PPKS management is aware of exploiting assets in the context of brands that are owned to maximize corporate performance. The most potential market for exploitation is the people's plantation market. Specifically, that directly touches the consumer mind generated based on the latest information on consumer behaviour. The research is conducted on the people's plantation segment as its population. The respondents' sampling of ninety-nine oil palm farmers. By applying the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) with the SmartPLS V3.2.8 tool, the conclusion of the research result is that there is a positive and insignificant influence between the brand associations of PPKS on the repurchase decision of oil palm seeds. There is a positive and significant influence between perceived quality of PPKS on repurchase decision of oil palm seeds, the customer satisfaction of PPKS on repurchase decision of oil palm seeds, brand association on customer satisfaction, and perceived quality towards customer satisfaction of PPKS. Also, demonstrating positive and significant influence between the brand association of PPKS and perceived quality of PPKS on repurchase decision of oil palm seed through customer satisfaction of PPKS