Background: Dermatoglyphics is referred to as study of the friction ridge formation that appears on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. There have been works done by different researchers on dermatoglyphics in the field of medicine which has helped in the detection of diseases like breast cancer, anemia. Objective: This study was aimed at determining the Palmar Ridge Counts of the Igbos’ and Okirikas’ in Southern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The study was non-experimental and analytical. Two hundred subjects selected by simple random sampling. One-way Anova was done using SPSS twenty version. Results and Discussion: The Igbo males with AB ridge count 38.3±4.9156 on the left hand while 37.3± 5.5698 for Okrika males. The Igbo males had BC ridge count 27.4± 5.3560 on the left hand while Okrika males had BC ridge count of 25.0±6.0527. The Igbo males had CD ridge count of 36.0 ±9.1109 on the right hand while Okrika males had CD ridge count of 33.5± 7.3289. Test of significance showed significant difference between the Right CD, Left AB and Left BC Ridge count of Igbo and Okrika subjects (P<0.05). Conclusion: The study has shown the palmar ridge counts of the Igbos and Okrikas. It also showed traces of sexual dimorphism in both populations and explicitly revealed that both populations have nothing to show common ancestry, the similarity seen may have occurred by chance which further implies that both populations could be regarded distinct and unrelated entities

The Micronuclei frequency in tobacco chewers seem to increase steadily as the genotoxic damage increases and progresses from premalignant to malignant oral lesions. This can be easily evaluated in exfoliated oral epithelial cells and helps in assessing the severity. This study was taken up with the objective to assess the frequency of micronuclei (MN) in buccal smear of tobacco chewers with healthy mucosa, premalignant and malignant oral lesions and compare all these cases with that of healthy individuals. The study subjects were divided into four groups each consisting of 20 individuals. The groups were cases with healthy oral mucosa, second group with premalignant oral lesions, third with malignant oral lesions in tobacco chewers and last group with normal controls. The exfoliative cytological smears were stained with Papanicolaou stain. The micronuclei frequency was identified using Tolbert’s criteria. The micronuclei were found to increase in frequency in cases as compared with controls. There was a significant increase from apparently healthy tobacco chewers to premalignant and malignant oral lesions. Hence, micronuclei can be used as a screening tool in tobacco chewers to assess the potentiality of carcinoma and thus a useful diagnostic as well as prognostic indicator.

Acute appendicitis is one of the most common surgical emergencies. It involves 10 to 20% patients in causality. The aim of the study is to predict the credibility of clinical, radiological and laboratory findings in acute appendicitis with normal leukocyte counts. Material & Methods: This study was carried in our tertiary care hospital over a period of one year by retrieving the data from hospital records to access the diagnostic factors in acute appendicitis with normal leukocyte counts. Results: The median age was 16 years. 228 were males and 149 females. Alvarado scores ranged from 5 to 10, with a median score of 8. Temperature at time of presentation ranged from 36.8°C to 38.33 °C. The duration of symptoms was less than 24 hours in 134 patients and more than 24 hours in 243 patients. Total WBC count was found to be normal in 55 patients (14.58%) as compared to elevated total WBC counts found in 322 patients (85.41%). Polymorph nuclear leucocytes were more than 75% in 52 of the Group B patients (94.54 %). The same was found in 306 (95.03 %) patients of Group A

The study examined the impact of the external sector aggregates on economic growth in Nigeria for the period 1980- 2016. The external sector aggregates used were external debt, exchange rate and export. A combination of correlation analysis and Error correction mechanism was employed in this study. Pre-estimation tests showed no evidence of multicollinearity and all the variables were integrated of order one, I (1). Johansens cointegration test showed four cointegrating equations indicating the existence a long-run relationship which provides a reason for error correction modeling. The error correction results showed that EXR had a negative and significant impact on economic growth while external debt (EXD) and export (EPP) had positive and significant impact on GDP, respectively. The ECM term had the hypothesized negative sign and was statistically significant at 5% level. Economic growth adjusts to long-run at the speed of 29.98% per annum. There was no serial correlation problem. Results are therefore appropriatre for policy analysis. The study concluded that external sector aggregates have significant impact on economic growth in Nigeria but the impact could be positive or negative depending on the variable of interest. Among other things the study recommended that there should be promotion of the country’s export trade and stimulation of domestic production.

The primary function of a temporary filling material is to prevent the contamination of the root canal system by fluids, organic debris, and bacteria from the oral cavity in multiple-appointment root canal treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sealing ability of a new temporary filling material Orafil LC compared with Cavit G and IRM using a dye penetration test. Standard endodontic access cavities were prepared in 24 human premolars. The teeth were divided into three groups (n = 8 for each group). Samples are de-coronated at the level of CEJ, 4mm of obturated material was removed from the coronal portion and were sealed with one of the three temporary restorative material. Samples were immersed in 2% methylene blue dye solution for 3 days. The teeth were then rinsed, dried, sectioned in bucco‑lingual direction and evaluated under a stereomicroscope for dye penetration. Data were analysed. The dye penetration was observed in all experimental groups. The lowest mean leakage was in Cavit G followed by (in ascending order of dye penetration) IRM, Orafil LC. Dye penetration was observed in all the samples. Cavit G exhibited minimal dye penetration when compared to IRM and Orafil LC. Within the limitation of the present study Cavit G is considered to be a promising option for the provisional restoration of endodontically treated teeth

Introduction: Carcinoma cervix is the most common preventable cancer in women. Every year 122,844 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer in India, and 67,477 cases die from the disease. Secondary prevention includes screening for precancerous lesions and treating them. The Papanicolaou (Pap) smear has become the standard screening test for cervical cancer and premalignant lesions globally. Material and method: In our prospective study, the results of Pap smears obtained from 680 women were analyzed, which had been examined in between March 2013 and October 2018. The pregnancy, known and treated case of cancer cervix, woman who used local douche or antiseptic cream and woman with history of Pap smear testing was excluded from the study. The patient was placed in lithotomy position. A Cusco's bivalve speculum was introduced through the vagina. The cervix was visualized. The longer projection of the Ayre's spatula was placed in the cervix near squamocolumnar junction and rotated through 360°. An average of two smears was collected for each case. The examination results were reported according to the Bethesda III Classification System (2001). Result: Cytological examination was done in all the 680 women, 100 (14.7%) smears were reported as negative for intraepithelial lesions or malignancy (NILM), 428 (62.9%) were reported as inflammatory smear, 8 (1.1%) were reported as Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), 8 (1.1%) were reported as High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), atypical finding in 68 (10%) bacterial vaginosis in 32(4.7%) and candidiasis in 8(1.1%). Conclusion: Pap smear testing is very safe, easy to perform, non-invasive and effective test for detecting premalignant lesions of carcinoma cervix. Thus, it helps to decrease morbidity and mortality from carcinoma cervix by treating it at early stage.

This article presents an analysis using a literature review of 50 published articles on the determinants of success in Business Management. To increase their productivity, companies need to know and implement the determining factors in business management. The present study resulted in the following factors: social responsibility, innovation and knowledge management

The purpose of this study was to find out and test whether wages affect regional investment, whether inflation affects regional investment, whether exchange rates affect regional investment, and which between wages, inflation, and exchange rates are very dominant influence on regional investment. This study uses a quantitative approach, while the object of research is all labor in Malang. And researchers took data from the Central Bureau of Statistics in the city of Malang which numbered 1,273,579 workers. The results of data analysis using multiple linear regressions with the help of SPSS version 20.0 and the discussion that has been done, all variables affect regional investment.

Introduction: Always chronic kidney disease has been bound to diabetes mellitus, especially type2. Inflammatory biomarkers, such as CRP, IL6, cystatin C and TNF-alpha) are usually play role in the development and increase risk of type 2 diabetes T2DM, as well as chronic kidney disease, so this study aimed to evaluate renal function tests and inflammatory biomarkers among T2DM and compare evaluated parameters with data of healthy individuals. Methods: Two hundred (200) subjects were enrolled in this study, 100 of them were patients with T2DM set as case group, , age ranged 33 and 55 years, and the other 100 were healthy individuals were set as control group. Blood samples were collected from both groups in order to assess renal function tests urea, creatinine by means of spectrophotometer based method, while Sodium and Potassium by easylyte device instrument and inflammatory biomarkers CRP, IL6, cystatin C and TNF-alpha by ELISA technique. Results: Inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6, CRP, Cystatin C and TNF-alpha) levels in diabetic subjects were significantly higher than control group. We also found that serum creatinine and urea were higher in type 2 diabetes patients than normal subjects (p=0.001). Pearson’s correlation of serum creatinine and urea with inflammatory biomarkers brought different positive correlation with all parameters. Conclusion: Elevated levels of inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6, CRP, Cystatin C and TNF-alpha) are positively associated with renal function tests serum creatinine and urea and increased risk of type 2 diabetes.

Background: Obesity has become a leading global public health problem and termed as millennium disease with worldwide spread. Obesity may be a modifiable risk factor for older adult impairment which needs to be completely addressed Aimed to: assess obesity and the functional impairment of older women. Design: Case control design was used. Setting: The present study was done at Kafar Mosa Amran, Zagazig District, Sharkia Governorate. Subjects and methods: 150 older women were selected for the study (75 older women case, 75 older women control) by multistage cluster sampling technique. Tools of data collection: Three categories of tools: the first tool for measuring socio demographic data, BMI, health characteristics of older women, practicing exercises and perception of physical fitness, the second tool was functional impairment questionnaire; the third tool was Lawton instrumental activities of daily livings to assess dependency of older women. Results: 98.7% of study group compare to 64.0% in the control group were impaired and unable to function with statistically significance(X2=29.68 and P=<0.001). 13.5% of the study groups were independent in activities of daily living compared to 42.7% in the control group. Additionally, the study revealed that age and BMI were risk factors for functional impairment. Conclusions: Obesity in women aged 65 or older is associated with greater risk of impaired physical function with greater dependency level on others. Recommendation: Health education campaigns appear to be the most effective interventions to increase awareness of older women concerning obesity related health risks. Experimental study is suggested to manage obesity burden, and the study can also be replicated in urban areas or on larger samples.

Female genital mutilation (FGM) also known as female genital cutting (FGC), female circumcision, or female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C), is defined by the World Health Organization as all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia, or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons

With the ever-growing preference of the WCDMA technology, poor signal quality continues to affect the performance of 3G network. The paper uses a Solution Algorithm Embedded in a System Program (SAESP) to improve signal quality in the WCDMA network. This was done by characterizing the radio environment to identify factors that affected the Quality of Service (QoS). The parameters that triggered network snags were used to model a software based intelligent system which was done in an algorithmic approach. The result from the Solution Algorithm Embedded in a System Program (SAESP) showed an improvement of 33.60% on the signal quality of the test route.

Shared decision-making (SDM) is a process where clinicians and patients communicate and share evidence, giving patients an informed, active role in healthcare decisions.1 This paper addresses SDM in a local setting in the kingdom of Bahrain. Participants filled a questionnaire with two decisional-role outcome measures. Dependent variables were patient role preference pre- and post-consultation. McNamar-Bowker’s test was used to assess deviations in patient preferences pre- and post-consultation. A total (n=566) filled the questionnaire; 2.3% (95% CI; 1.2 - 3.9) preferred an active role while the majority preferred a collaborative role (43%, 95% CI; 39.0- 47.2) before their encounter with the doctor. Post-consultation, 7% of the participants had a less active role, and 31% a less collaborative role in comparison with their preference, whereas the passive role increased from 49% to 62.0% in relation to expressed preferences. It is apparent that the results lack symmetry (McNemar-Bowker S=38.5; DF=3; P= 0.001). Patients aged 36-49 years are less “collaborative” (33.1%) and more “passive” (57.5%) than younger and older age groups (p < 0.028). Higher educational meant more preference for the collaborative or active role (p < 0.01). Primary healthcare attendees prefer a passive role in SDM. Nevertheless, healthcare providers should not assume patient passivity in SDM, but must assess and treat each patient individually

Background: The examination of the lip print is known as Cheiloscopy. This is the method of identification of a person based on characteristic arrangement of lines appearing on the red part of the lips. Aim and Objective: This study was aimed at investigating gender variation in lip print pattern distribution of identical and non-identical twins. Methods: the study comprised 80 individuals (40 pairs- 25 pairs of non-identical and 15pairs of identical twins) of the Yoruba tribe of Nigeria (ranging between of ages of 5- 66 years) residing in Igbo-Ora community of Oyo state in Western Nigeria. The lips of the subjects were properly cleaned and a red lipstick was applied on it. After which, the lip print impression was made on a white plane sheet. Cellophane tape was then struck on it for permanent record. The obtained lip print was studied using a magnifying lens. Results and Discussion: The following were the results in identical twins, type I males (16.7%), females (12.5%); type I’ males and females 8.3%, type II males 33.3%, females 30.5%; type III males 18.8%, females 20.8%; type IV males I6.7%, females 18.1%; type V males and females 8.3%. whereas for the non-identical twins, type I males (18.8%), females (18.4%); type I’ males 7.8%, females 15.4%, type II males 31.2%, females 24.3%; type III males 21.9%, females 23.5%; type IV males I2.5%, females 14.0%; type V males 7.8% and females 4.4%. Conclusion: It is suggestive that certain pattern types have affinity for a particular gender probably due to hormonal interplay which ultimately results in variations in their distribution.

By Far the most defining feature of the 21st century, the Internet, has become an integral part of our daily lives. So much so, that many of us have become pathologically addicted to its use. This cross sectional study attempts to examine the existence and possible effects of Internet addiction among medical trainees in the Kingdom of Bahrain. A total of 291 medical doctors were asked to fill the “Internet Addiction Diagnostic Questionnaire” developed by Dr. Kimberly Young. The prevalence of Internet addiction was found to be quite significant, proving that medical trainees are among high-risk pathological Internet use groups because they use the Internet for both educational purposes and non-educational purposes as found in the results. The Majority of the participants frequently stayed online longer than they intended. It was also found that many of the participants frequently neglected their household chores to spend more time online, blocked out disturbing thoughts about life with soothing thoughts of the Internet, found themselves anticipating when they would go online again, feared that life without Internet would be boring, empty and joyless and tried to cut down the amount of time they spent online but failed