The state has employed polices that is meant to encourage the identification and conversion of credits between universities both domestically and abroad. This is an initiative to integrate Chinese domestic universities with world-class universities abroad. Through conducting the research and sorting out the credit transfer system of top universities in both China and abroad, we found that there is still a long way to go before this policy is fully developed. We also found problems in the existing credit transfer system, and therefore, we proposed several mythologies to optimize the credit transfer system. Educational institutions should be innovative and use practical actions to promote the realization and improvement of credit recognition and conversion systems for higher education in China.

A new simple, precise, accurate, sensitiveand rapid chromatographic method based on RP-HPLC was developed and validated for the estimation of Barnidipine HCl in bulk and in-house tablet dosage form. Methanol: Water (80:20 v/v)) was used as mobile phase. A gradient programing has been done, on a reverse phase C8 column (250×4.6mm×5μ) with flow rate 1 mL/min, monitored at 260 nm. The mean retention times of Barnidipine HCl were found to be 2.8 min respectively. Linearity of Barnidipine HCl was found to be 3-18 μg/mL, R2= 0.999 respectively. The developed methods have shown the best findings in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, LOD and LOQ for API and in house tablets. The depicted method can routinely be used for the determination of Barnidipine HCl in bulk and for in-house tablets formulation

Since the Dakar education forum of 2000, Kenya has committed herself to universalizing basic education. However, it faces the challenge of class repetition in both primary and secondary school levels has indicated by the government concern through a circular number MOE/HRS/3/7/4 to schools in 2013 (ministry of education, 2013). The World Bank noted with concerns that 6% of school going children repeat a class annually in the country (World Bank, 2014). Policy guidelines in Kenya has faced varieties of challenges in its implementation stages (McConnell, 2014; Gacheche, 2010) and this study sort to identify fundamental issues that need to be addressed so as to enable the class repetition policy to be a success not a failure. The study found out that research is essential in policy and quality of education should be a concern in the implementation process. Teachers play a crucial role in creating a new approach to teaching and handling of emerging issues in learning environments. The study recommended for a need assessment of the impact of the policy on academic performance and school infrastructure. Teachers being implementers of policy should be agents of change in any success of policy in education.

Introduction: Anaesthesia as a profession comprises of a wide range of involvement from supportive specialty to surgery to one involved in wholesome and complete care of patients, not only in operation theatres but also in intensive care units and pain clinics. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge of our patients about anaesthesia care, so that in developing countries awareness programme can be arranged to educate the public. Material and Methods: The present cross sectional survey was conducted among 500 patients visiting department for pre anaesthesia check up. Patients were asked to answer 13 items questionnaire and answers were recorded on answer sheet by senior anaesthesiologist at the time of pre anaesthesia check up in outpatient clinic. The data was statistically analyzed using the SPSS statistical software version 16 and was expressed as number and percentage as required. Results: Among 500 patients, 251 (50.2%) participants knew anaesthesiology as a separate medical discipline, 320 (64%) thought of anaesthesiologist as a doctor. Regarding the responsibility for intensive care management of a complicated surgical patient, 16 among 500 patients considered anaesthesiologist to be responsible for that. 190 among 500 patients considered the role of anaesthesiologist in pain management and among 500 patients, 220 thought that surgeon, 18 thought that anaesthesiologist and 262 thought that nurse managed pain post-operatively. Conclusion: Patients had insufficient knowledge about role of anaesthesiologists as well as their role in improving the outcome of surgery. Henceforth, there is a need to establish closer links with the community to create awareness about the role of the anaesthesiologist

This work is focused on Leadership and Governance in Rivers State: The case study of Okrika Local Government Area 1999-2015. It intends to examine the attitude and character of a true leader in Okrika Local Government Area and to interrogate the Leadership style towards achieving some levels of development. It also provides to conceptual framework for proper understanding of the dynamics of a Leader and the synergy between the followers and the Leadership. The work intends to reinvigorate the dynamism interest in good Leadership to actualize the benefits derivable from good Leadership styles. This is because bad Leadership breeds poor followership and retards development whereas good Leadership ushers in sustained economic development. The work will involve the application of various theories of development to bring to fore the needed areas of proper infusion of good ideas to the good of the Local Government.

Objective: Introduction: Saudi initiative for asthma provides an updated framework for the diagnosis and management of asthma based on the best global scientific information. However, the prevalence of childhood asthma in Saudi has dramatically increased from 5% to 25% in the last decade. Objectives: To obtain information from health care providers (HCPs) regarding their knowledge, attitudes and use of the national guidelines for diagnosis and management of the childhood asthma. Methods: The study consisted of mixed surveys [semi-structured interviews (phase 1) and online survey (phase 2)] of the HCPs (paediatric doctors, pharmacists and nurses) whom work at hospital and primary care centres in Najran region, Saudi Arabia. The surveys assessed the knowledge and adherence of the HCPs to the national care pathway. Results: The paediatric doctor’s interviews afforded that the main barriers to adherence to guidelines are the lack of awareness and resources. In the online surveys, of the 535 HCPs, 172 surveys were completed. Of these, 48% of the respondents reported being aware to children asthma guidelines. 42% of the respondents did not follow any paediatric asthma guidelines. More than half of respondents (51.7%) follow guidelines for the paediatric asthma diagnosis. The most common barrier for adherence to asthma guidelines were lack of awareness (40%), followed by patient non-compliance with clinical management plan, lack of resources, difficult to understand the guidelines and the lack of time (32%), (16%), (7%) and (4%), respectively. Vast majority of respondents (75%) didn’t attend any training courses regarding awareness with asthma diagnosis and management. The study also revealed that dust mites and air pollution are the most popular asthma triggers (38%). 43% of respondents strongly agreed that a Saudi gene may be responsible for asthma. Most of the participants are not familiar with the number of children were admitted to Hospitals in the last twelve months. Conclusions: The results support that HCPs need education regarding diagnosis and clinical management plans of asthma by attending courses and workshops. Establishment of an asthma care centre may improve awareness and identify in depth the effective pathways for rapid asthma diagnosis

The present work is dedicated to the study the effect of the applied loads on the behavior of top-set angle with double web angle bolted metal beam-to-column (TSA-DWA) connection. A numerical study of finite elements for the characterization of the nonlinear behavior of metal connections types carbon steel ASTM A36 mild steel with screw fasteners. The numerical analysis is based on a three-dimensional model with 3D solid brick element, each element consists of eight nodes using the software of finite elements ABAQUS. The model takes into account material and geometric nonlinearities (contact, plasticity, large displacements). This model has calibrated on the basis of experimental results two connections with different geometric configurations. In addition, to validate the model developed.

Aim: This is a retrospective study which was carried out for a period of six months in orthopedic inpatient department at Aster prime hospital, Hyderabad. Objective: The objectives of the study are to decrease the irrational use of drugs to the patients, decrease unnecessary drugs, usage of proper dosage and administration of the drugs and prevent adverse drug reactions in order to improve the quality of life of patients. Methodology: A total of 104 prescriptions of the patient treated with analgesics and antibiotics for post-operative pain management were collected and analyzed in the inpatient orthopedic department. The prescriptions were analyzed and categorized into varieties based on antibiotics and analgesics prescribed, demographic parameters, comorbid conditions, type of orthopedic diseases diagnosed, polypharmacy etc. Conclusion: The study presented the prescription trends of antibiotics and analgesics in orthopaedic department. This kind of study will help as a guideline to use drugs for policymaking decision in the health care system. Prescribing medicines by generic names would help in less expensive treatment. Polypharmacy and combination of drugs has to be discouraged to minimize adverse drug reactions and drug interactions

Shape and grading of aggregates can influence concrete workability. The volumes of water for well graded and poorly graded vary along with cementations materials are commonly increased to adjust. The basic purpose of this paper is to show that by properly selection of aggregates and changing mixture proportions, the proportion of cementations materials provided for workability can be minimized while achieving suitable workability and strength properties. In this research study of strength properties of high Performance concrete is achieved by using diverse characteristics of aggregate and the results obtained from laboratory testing of concrete having varying aggregate characteristics. By the purpose of this work, two types of coarse aggregates have been used. The fine aggregate is normal sand obtained from a locally available (BHOLARI /JAMSHORO AREA Latitude: 25.317. Longitude: 68.217 AND 25.416868, longitude is 68.274307. Jamshoro, Pakistan) initial laboratory investigation was conducted to obtain the suitability of using the aggregates for construction work. The various tests conducted include sieve analysis, bulk density, and specific gravity. ASTM mix design was adopted for this work and mix compositions were calculated by absolute volume method. For each and every type of coarse aggregate 25 numbers cubes (150x150x150mm) were cast to allow the compressive strength to be monitored at. 56 days. Test result reveals that concrete made from a type aggregate has higher compressive strength.

Background: Urticaria or hives is a common skin condition usually resolves within a few hours and always by 24 hours. It is mediated by aberrant release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators from mast cells and basophils1. The therapeutic approach should be based on elimination or avoidance of the cause or trigger/stimulus, symptomatic drug treatment by reducing mast cell mediator release and inducing tolerance. Oral Bepotastine besilate is non-sedative, selective H1-R antagonist. Aim: To study the efficacy and tolerance of oral Bepotastine besilate in respect of wheal, pruritus, sedation and effectiveness in chronic urticaria patients. Methodology: All adult Patients attended out-patient department of our dermatology department, who had a history of wheals, erythema more than 6 weeks with pruritis were included. Pregnant and lactating women were excluded. After clinical diagnosis Oral bepotastine 10 mg twice daily was started and response ( pruritus, wheals, drug effectiveness and sleepiness ) was assessed by urticaria activity score (UAS), Medication effective score (MAS), Sedation scale in a predesigned performa on day 0,14 and 28. Results: The majority of patients showed significant improvement in pruritus and wheal scores as compared to baseline, starting from end of the second week visit. Among 45 patients; 38 had no sedation and 7 had mild drowsiness. Nine patients achieved complete relief. Conclusion: Bepotastine 10 mg twice daily is well tolerated, effective and non-sedative antihistamine drug for the treatment of chronic urticaria

Teeth are very important for the appearance of an individual. The colour of the teeth is also equally important as it as a harmony with surrounding environment such as skin, hair, eye colour. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between tooth shade and skin colour among dental college students. The present cross sectional study was carried on 140 undergraduate and post graduate Dental students. After recruiting study subjects based on study criterias, The shades of middle third of labial surface of permanent maxillary left or right central incisor were taken by using the Vita pan classic shade guide. Next, skin color/tone was matched by using the Ideal Balance Quick Stick makeup shades as a guide. Results were analyzed using chi square test and spearman’s correlation. There was a negative correlation between age and skin colour which was statistically significant (p = 0.023). Conversely, there was a positive correlation between age and tooth colour which was statistically significant (p = 0.017). There was a negative correlation between gender and skin colour (p=0.430). Similarly a negative correlation was observed between gender and tooth colour which was statistically non significant (p= 0.846). There was a negative correlation between skin colour and tooth colour which was statistically significant (p < 0.000). The results of this observational study suggest that there is a significant relationship between tooth shade and skin color. Based on the relationships skin color may be a useful guide for the selection of tooth shade.

This before-and-after type of educational interventional study using convenience sampling was conducted among rural adolescent males to find the prevalence of usage of various forms of tobacco and to determine the outcome of educational intervention on tobacco use among the participants. Using a pre-tested questionnaire, the participants were separately interviewed for about 20-30 minutes. The mean age of participants (n=180) was 17.80 ± 1.19 years. 34.4% had a positive family history of tobacco use. Tobacco consumption by family members significantly increased tobacco use among the adolescents (p=0.005). The major factors that influenced tobacco intake were social customs, peer pressure, perception of tobacco use as a “status symbol”. The number of smoked tobacco users in pre-intervention phase was significantly higher (p=0.0145), as compared to that in the post-intervention phase. In the pre-intervention phase, bidi, followed by cigarette were the commonly used smoked tobacco products while in the post-intervention phase, the commonly used tobacco products were cigarette, followed by bidi. Educational intervention resulted in reduction in frequency of tobacco use from 17.2% to 11.1%. Systematic long-term focussed programmes would be necessary for sustaining the beneficial effects of the educational intervention

The successful treatment of periapical inflammatory lesion depends on the reduction and removal of the offending organism. Periapical surgery is one of the alternative treatment, includes the curettage of all periapical soft tissues and sometimes application of different biomaterials to improve the new bone formation in the defect site. This case report present the management of the periapical inflammatory lesion using platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) which acts as a source of growth factors at the healing site. PRF is now becoming grippingly popular regenerative procedure either used alone or in addition with other regenerative materials. Besides being rich in platelet concentration, it is also a reservoir of many growth factors that promotes successful hard and soft tissue healing.

Type AB thymoma is a thymic epithelial neoplasm composed of component spindle cell (type A) and lymphocyte-rich (type B) component. An exceptional atypical type A thymoma variant with uncertain prognosis was added to the WHO classification of thymomas in 2015. We report a case of a 62 years old man presented with clinical myasthenia. The radiological examination revealed a well-circumscribed anterior mediastinal mass. The patient underwent complete thymectomy. Pathological and immunohistochemical analysis revealed an AB thymoma with atypical component of type A. At the first year post surgery follow-up appointment, the patient was alive with no evidence of recurrence or complication. The presence of atypical component of type A thymoma may increase the risk of progression or metastasis, so extended follow-up for patients is required

Toothbrushing is an important tool for oral hygiene maintenance. Toothbrushes should be used judiciously else there are high chances for trauma both, to the soft tissues as well as hard tissues. This review deals with effects of improper toothbrushing on oral structures. It also provides an insight into the recommended brushing force and brushing duration for effective oral hygiene maintenance.