ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | March 31, 2019
Clinico-Histopathological Correlation in Hansen’s Disease
Dr. S. Srismitha, Dr. S. Karthik, Dr. B. Shobana, Dr. S. Manjani
Page no 258-263 |
10.21276/sjpm.2019.4.3.22
Aim: The aim of the present study was to perform clinico-histopathological correlation of skin lesions in all patients with
a clinical suspicion of Hansen’s disease. Materials and Methods: A 3 year retrospective study from 2016-2018 was
carried out with all the clinically suspected cases of Hansen’s disease along with histopathological examination of skin
biopsies. Results: Out of the 60 cases diagnosed as Hansen’s disease, majority belonged to age goup 31-40 years with a
male preponderance. Most number of cases diagnosed were of Borderline tuberculoid type (24/60). Overall clinicohistopathological correlation was 58.3%. Maximum correlation was evident at the polar ends of the spectrum with a
slightly better correlation for lepromatous leprosy (75%). Conclusion: Correlation between clinical and histopathological
features is required for accurate classification of Hansen’s disease. Clinical detection and histopathological diagnosis of
borderline lesions remains challenging and hence the need for interpretation along with the clinical findings.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | March 31, 2019
A Study of Clinical Profile of Patients with Anaemia Admitted At Tertiary Care Centre
Amit Vaghela
Page no 254-256 |
10.36348/sjm.2019.v04i03.018
Background: Anaemia is reduced oxygen carrying capacity of blood, due to reduced RBC mass and/or haemoglobin concentration [1]. Causes of anaemia include nutritional deficiencies, inherited genetic defects, medication-related side effects and chronic diseases. We had studied patients attending our tertiary care centre to determine aetiology of anaemia and its different clinical aspects during period of July 2012 to March 2014. Methods: A total 100 patients having anaemia were enrolled in the study and detailed clinical examination and relevant laboratory investigations were performed. Results: Out of 100 patients 55 were females and 45 were males. In present study 45 females fall in age between 12-40 years and 29 males were in the similar age group. Most common presenting symptoms were generalised weakness and easy fatigability. Pallor was noted in 94 patients. Severe anaemia (Hb <7 g/dl) were seen in 89% of the cases. 34% of the patients had subnormal serum iron levels and 45 patients were having low serum vit. B12 level (<187 pg/dl). Among other causes, 7 patients had anaemia of chronic disease, 4 had malabsorption and 2 had drug toxicity. Conclusion: Vitamin B12 deficiency in association with iron deficiency was found to be the commonest cause for anaemia in the study group. Haemolytic anaemia was more common in males in thid study
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | March 31, 2019
Is It Time to Bid Adieu to the Traditional Histological Prognostic Parameters in Breast Carcinoma? Not Yet
Dr. Ghazala Rizvi, Dr. Prerna Tamta, Dr. Ranjan Agarwal
Page no 233-239 |
10.21276/sjpm.2019.4.3.17
Introduction – With the coming of adjuvant hormonal therapy, evaluation of hormone receptors now plays a pivotal role
in the therapeutic management in breast carcinoma. HER2/neu positive tumors are resistant to tamoxifen based therapies.
With the advent of Trastuzumab, the prognosis of this subset of tumors has improved. In this bewildering array of
prognostic factors, the conventional prognostic histological features seem to have lost their importance. Material and
methods- Fifty cases of mastectomy performed for breast carcinoma were taken in the study. Immunohistochemistry was
performed for ER, PR and HER2/neu. Correlation between them and the conventional histological prognostic features
was studied. Chi square test was used for statistical analysis. Results- ER, PR showed a statistically significant positive
correlation with each other. PR & HER2/neu showed no correlation with tumor size whereas ER showed a statistically
negative correlation with size of the tumor. An inverse correlation was seen between tumor grades, mitotic count and ER,
PR. HER2/neu showed no correlation with either grade or mitotic count though a significant positive correlation was
seen with nuclear pleomorphism. Neither the hormone receptors not HER2/neu showed any correlation with lymph node
status. Conclusion- Histological features are still valuable in judging the prognosis of breast carcinoma. Triple negative
and ER+PR- tumors are unresponsive to systemic adjuvant hormone therapy. In addition cost and availability can be
limiting factors in applicability of these tests especially in low socioeconomic conditions and resource limited centers.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | March 31, 2019
Factors That Intervene In Students of First Semester in the Choice of Top Studies Carrera: Engineering in Business Management
Lama Martínez Alexandra Jocelyn, Arturo González Torres, Marrón Ramos Domingo Noé, Mendoza Montero Fátima Yaraset, Martínez Carrillo Eligio, Ávila Pérez Tagle Alfonso
Page no 234-242 |
10.36348/sjbms.2019.v04i03.006
The present project constitutes an investigation about the factors that intervene in first semester students when choosing a university. The study employs a 95% reliability in the first semester of the Engineering in Business Management degree. The results obtained in this research were various factors that are involved in the choice of a university environment such as family, economic or skills
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | March 31, 2019
Prevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) and Hepatitis B Antibodies among Commercial Motor Park Workers in Jos North, Nigeria
Nkup, Jude Yunzoom, Ocheme Julius, Jesinta Sule, Samirah David, Nanya Cirfat, Innocent Otobo, Anejo-Okopi Joseph
Page no 240-244 |
10.21276/sjpm.2019.4.3.18
Although there are several reports on the prevalence of HBsAg in Nigeria, there is paucity of data on the prevalence of
HBsAg and HBAb among motor park workers in the country. Objective: This study aimed to determine the
seroprevalence and risk factors among commercial Motor park workers in Jos, Nigeria. Methods: One hundred and thirty
one (131) commercially motor park Workers who consented to take part in this study were recruited. Aseptically, 5ml of
venous blood was collected from each participant and screened for HBsAg and HBAbs markers using one step, rapid
chromatographic immunoassay and associated risk factors using structured questionnaire which was voluntarily
completed by the participants and the data were thereafter analysed. Results: Of the 131 participants, 105 were males and
26 females with age range between 16-75 years. An overall HBsAg seropositivity of 16.8% and HBAbs positivity of
74.8% were observed. On multivariate analysis, factors such as multiple sexual partners: HBsAg (35.0%), anti-HBs
(10.0%), anti-HBe (20.0%) and anti-HBc (35.0%); history of surgery: HBsAg (64.3%), anti-HBs (21.4%), anti-HBe
(7.1%) and anti-HBc (7.1); lack of condom usage: HBsAg (15.7%) anti-HBs (28.7%), anti-HBe (18.3%) and anti-HBc
(27.8%) were among some determinants of HBV infection in this study. Conclusion: The data results suggest high
prevalence of HBV among this mobile group of people;, and with the increasing number of individuals and corporate
bodies engaged in one or more activities at motor parks, there is the need for deliberate efforts for preventive measures.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | March 31, 2019
Comparative Evaluation of the Recent Diagnostic Criteria of HbA1c with Fasting Blood Glucose
Rishabh Agrawal, Sanjay Bhatt
Page no 97-101 |
10.36348/sijb.2019.v02i03.006
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) refers to a group of common metabolic disorders that share the phenotype of hyperglycemia. Depending on the etiology of the DM, factors contributing to hyperglycemia include reduced insulin secretion, decreased glucose utilization, and increased glucose production [1]. Aims and Objective: To evaluate the performance of Enzymatic and HPLC assay systems for determination of HbA1c. Material and Methods: This study was conducted from November, 2016 to December, 2017. The subjects under the study were enrolled from outpatient department of Medicine after obtaining written informed consent in bilingual languages from all the 100 subjects after describing all pros and cons. Fasting Plasma glucose and HbA1c were estimated in Department of Biochemistry, SRMS IMS. Result and Discussion: Maximum percentages of patients were in age 51 to 60 years (32%) while the least percentage of patients was from the age group 21 to 30 years (2%). Present study comprising 38% females and 62% males. HbA1c distribution in subjects by Enzymatic method in Mean ± SD (8.598 ± 2.29) with minimum of 6.2% and maximum 20.4%. The FPG distribution in Subjects 154.37 ± 40.13 (Mean ± SD) with minimum FPG of 96 mg/dl and maximum 289 mg/dl. Conclusion: HbA1c has come to play an integral role in the management of diabetes, one of the world’s most prevalent non-communicable diseases. HbA1c defines an end point as the fuel of diabetic therapy and provides a powerful stimulus to the patients to improve their compliance. HbA1c remains the gold standard in the assessment of glycemic control with availability of standardize methods.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | March 31, 2019
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria Causing Biliary Tract Infection: A Tertiary Care Centre Study from North India
Ashish Bajaj, Archana Thakur, Bibhabati Mishra, Poonam S Loomba, Vinita Dogra, Rup Jyoti Chandak, Prachala G Rathod
Page no 245-249 |
10.21276/sjpm.2019.4.3.19
Higher morbidity and mortality is seen with bacteraemia caused by Biliary tract infection. Due to the presence of biliary
sphincter, bile remains sterile despite presence of high concentration of bacteria in duodenum. Increased ductal pressure
due to obstruction in biliary tree, can result in biliary stasis and bacterial multiplication resulting in cholangitis. 16% to
85% of bacteriobilia have been reported in various studies worldwide in patients of biliary tract infection. Govind
Ballabh Pant institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research (GIPMER) is a super speciality hospital providing
care to patients from all over India. This study was performed to identify the bacteria causing Biliary tract infection and
study their resistant pattern. A total of 229 intraoperative bile aspirates from gastrointestinal surgery department were
received in microbiology department of GIPMER and analysed. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing
was performed as per standard techniques. Bacterial growth was seen in 166(72.48%) out of 229 patients. Polymicrobial
cultures 27(16.27%) were less frequent in comparison with Monomicrobial growth 139(83.73%). Commonest isolate was
Escherichia coli (47.94%) followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (17.53%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16.49%), and
Enterococcus spp. (11.34%). High resistance was observed against routinely used antibiotics by Gram negative bacteria,
such as ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, piperacillin/tazobactam, and low resistance was observed against carbapenems and
colistin. The study shows that analysis of bile can be valuable in preparing a better treatment strategy in biliary tract
infection. Rapid development of multidrug resistance in gram-negative bacteria causing biliary tract infections remains
the cause of concern.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | March 31, 2019
Preliminary Result on the Seroprevalence of Rubella among Pregnant Women in Third Health District of Lome City (TOGO)
Akila Bassowa, Baguilane Douaguibe, Dede Ajavon, Kodjo Fiagnon, Samadou Aboubakari, Koffi Akpadza
Page no 92-97 |
10.36348/sijog.2019.v02i03.010
In order to know the prevalence of rubella among pregnant women and, if possible, to introduce the rubella test in the antenatal check-up to improve the follow-up of pregnant women, we studied the seroprevalence of rubella among women pregnant who came to antenatal care in the third health district of the city of Lome. The objective of this study was to study the immune status of pregnant women against rubella and, more specifically, to assess their level of knowledge about this viral disease, which is considered infrequent in developing countries. We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study that allowed us to randomize 150 pregnant women. The data was analyzed with the Epi-Info version 6 software. With 150 women who participated in the survey, the results showed us a prevalence rate as follows: immunoglobulin G +, immunoglobulin M- (66.7%); Immunoglobulin G-, Immunoglobulin M- (25, 3%) with a suspicious population of 8%. In knowledge of the disease, only 26% of pregnant women had knowledge of the disease. None of the 150 women have been vaccinated against rubella. In view of the possible congenital consequences of rubella, the authors recommend systematic screening of pregnant women for prenatal consultation
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | March 31, 2019
In Vitro Detection of Biofilm Formation by Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli in A Tertiary Care Hospital
Snehal Patil, Shailendra Patil, Anant Urhekar
Page no 250-253 |
10.21276/sjpm.2019.4.3.20
Introduction: Biofilm are surface associated bacterial communities surrounded by a matrix of exo-polymers and are
responsible for development of clinical infections.Urinary tract infections are considered to be one of the most common
bacterial infections.Uropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli account for 70-95% of the UTIs. The bacteria enclosed
within the biofilm are extremely resistant to treatment. Objective: To study Biofilm formation of Uropathogenic
Escherichia coli by Tube method and Tissue Culture Plate method. Material and Methods: The study was carried out at
Department of Microbiology, MGM Medical College, Kamothe, Navi Mumbai from October 2015 – September 2016.
Total 200 urine samples were processed. Out of 200 samples, 100 isolates of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli were
included in this study. They were identified by standard microbiological procedures. These isolates were subjected to
biofilm production by Tube method and Tissue culture plate method. Results: Out of 102 Uropathogenic Escherichia coli
isolates 40.19% were biofilm producers by Tube Method and 47.05% by Tissue culture Plate Method. Conclusion: Tube
Method correlated well with Tissue Culture Plate method for strong biofilm detection in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | March 31, 2019
Physicochemical Composition of Flours From Seven New Varieties of Cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) Grown and Consumed in Côte d'Ivoire
Marise Amaco Kacou, Catherine Bomoh Ebah, Kouadio Martin Tanoh, Jocelyn Constant Yapi, Gbocho Serge Elvis Ekissi and Patrice Lucien Kouame
Page no 102-108 |
10.36348/sijb.2019.v02i03.007
Flours were prepared from seven cassava varieties (Agbablé3, Bonoua2, Bondoukou4, Boufouh3, Boufouh4, Soclopouopo3, Totoba2) evaluated for their physicochemical properties. The physicochemical parameters of the seven varieties show significant differences (p <0.05). The results showed that moisture content of flours ranged from 10.88±0.02 (Bonoua2) to 12.92±0.31% (Agbaglé3), starch from 28.71±0.34 (Socloppouopo3) to 44.06±0.56% (Totoba2) carbohydrates from 92.70 ±0.05% (Totoba2) to 94.72±0.27 (Bonoua2), organic matter from 85.3±0.27 (Totoba2) to 87.4±0.18% (Bondoukou4), and energy value from 347.56±0.03 (Agbable3) to 361.95±0.01 to kcal/100g (Bonoua2). Physicochemical parameters at low content are the protein ranging from 1.37±0.14 (Soclopouopo3 and Boufouh4) to 2.23±0.13% (Boufouh3), lipids from 0.77±0.03 (Bonoua2) to 1.29±0.11(Boufouh4), ash from 1.29±0.1(Agbablé3) to 2.62±0.01 (Soclopouopo3), fibers from 1.03±0.24 (Soclopouopo3) to 1.08±0.06% (Boufouh3 and 4) and total sugar from 1.30±0.04(Soclopouopo3)-3.35±0.05(Bonoua2). The most dominant minerals are potassium, calcium and phosphorus whose content are respectively 328±0.1 (Totoba2) to 1207 mg/100g (Bondoukou4), 82±0.01 (Boufouh4) to 338±0.26 mg/100g (Bonoua2) and from 20±0.05 (Totoba2) to 100±0.41 mg/100g (Bonoua2). From the data obtained it can be concluded that cassava varieties should not be abandoned because of poor cooking quality and high cyanogenic potential. These varieties could be used for other purposes such as starch production, glucose, adhesives, fuel alcohol, animal feed and other industrial Uses.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | March 31, 2019
A Study on Seroprevalence of Hepatitis A Virus and Hepatitis E Virus and Their Co-Infection in District Hospital
Sangeeta D. Patel, Pankti Panchal, Sima Bhatt
Page no 254-257 |
10.21276/sjpm.2019.4.3.21
Introduction: ‘Viral Hepatitis’ denotes a primary infection of liver by heterogeneous group of Hepatitis virus. They are
clinically indistinguishable, leading to morbidity and mortality. Mainly diagnosed by serological and molecular markers.
Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E viruses are transmitted by faeco-oral route and cause sporadic as well as outbreaks of acute
viral hepatitis. Objectives: Prevalence of HAV and HEV in patients of acute viral hepatitis along with their co-existence
and correlate it with seasonal trend. Materials & Methods: Study was conducted in our institute from January to
December, 2018. 275 samples were tested for HAV and HEV infection of clinically suspected cases. Samples were
analyzed for anti HEV IgM and anti HAV IgM antibody by ELISA method. Results: Out of 275 samples, 66 were
positive for anti HAV IgM indicating prevalence rate of 24%, majority patients were in pediatric age group of 0-14 yrs.
In case of HEV, 71 samples were positive with prevalence rate of 25.8%, majority patients were in age group 15-45 yrs.
Infection rate was higher in males. Co infection rate was 1.09%. Seasonal trend shows maximum positive cases in
summer and monsoon. Conclusion: HAV and HEV infection should be considered as an etiology of acute infectious
viral hepatitis. It is suggested that health care facilities should make an effort to increase the awareness among general
public for personal hygiene and cleanliness, thus reduce morbidity, mortality and economic burden.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | March 31, 2019
Effect of Slow Deep Breathing on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate in Young Adult Male and Female Medical Students
L Rajeshwar Reddy, B Antony Madhuri, L Swetha Bindu
Page no 249-253 |
10.36348/sjm.2019.v04i03.017
It has been reported that there are effects of deep breathing and breath holding on the cardiovascular and blood pressure parameters. It is generally seen that BP tends to decrease during inhalation and increase during exhalation these changes may alter blood pressure measurements resulting in measured blood pressures being different. This study aims to find the effects of slow deep breathing practice on the blood pressure and Heart rate of young healthy adult male and female medical students. Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, RVM Institute of Medical Sciences, Laxmakapally, Telangana. A total of n=50 subjects were selected randomly; the subjects were the medical students of RVM institute. Out of which (n=25) Group (M) males and (n=25) Group (F) were females. The baseline parameters of the subjects were recorded at the beginning of the study and the subjects were then trained for slow deep breathing @ 6 breaths per minute for a period of 3 months under the supervision of the investigator. Subjects are asked to take slow and maximal inspiration lasting for five seconds, followed by maximal expiration which also lasts for five seconds at a rate of 6 breaths per minute during each practice. A standard BP measurement was performed using a pneumatic cuff while listening to "Korotkoff sounds". All cardiovascular functional parameters were recorded before the trial, during breath-holding, and during recovery. Results: The values of SBP parameters in Group (M) Male before and after training were found to be significant. The DBP change in initial and final values in this group was not significant. The respiratory rates changes were also found to be significant in the Group (M). In the Group (F) no parameter was found to be changed significantly between the initial and final readings. The intergroup comparison of the parameters in the final readings shows a significant change in both SBP and DBP. Conclusion: it can be concluded that slow deep breathing for a period of 3 months decreases the blood pressure and heart rates and improves the autonomic functions. The effects are more marked in the male participants as compared to females of the same age group. The effect of slow deep breathing for long durations tends to improve the parasympathetic tone
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | March 31, 2019
A Study on Seroprevalence of Dengue Infection in Acute Febrile Illness Patients Attending Government General Hospital Mahabubnagar
Dr. Udayasri B, Dr. Rama Devi V, Dr. J.K. Surekha, Dr. Alekhya P
Page no 264-267 |
10.21276/sjpm.2019.4.3.23
Dengue fever is the most common Arboviral disease in India. Dengue is endemic in almost all states and leading cause of
hospitalization in India. An overview on Dengue burden, prevalence, Geographical distribution and seasonal trends at a
particular area is necessary for administration of appropriate preventive and control measures. The present study was
aimed to assess the prevalence of dengue infection among the patients suffering from acute febrile illness at GGH
Mahabubnagar. A total number of 3076 clinically suspected cases of dengue were included in the study. Serum samples
from these patients were collected and were subjected either dengue IgM or NS1 ELISA based on the duration of fever.
Out of 3076 cases 206 were positive for dengue serology, out of them 112 were positive by NS1 ELISA and 94 were
positive by IgM ELISA. In the present study commonly effected age group is 0-20yrs and showing male preponderance.
Dengue infection is common in post monsoon season from September to November months. These epidemiological
details in the particular region will help in proper planning of resources in disease prevention and control.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | March 31, 2019
Performance Comparison of Point-of-Care Testing (Glucometer) and Laboratory Reference Glucose Oxidase Peroxidase (GOD-POD) Method for Glucose Measurement in Neonatal Jaundice
Navin Satyanarayan
Page no 92-96 |
10.36348/sijb.2019.v02i03.005
Objective: This retrograde study was designed to compare between POCT glucometer and Laboratory reference method for glucose measurement in neonates especially in Neonatal Jaundice. The main objective of the study was to find the acceptability of POCT Glucometer against laboratory reference method. Material and Methods: 200 samples data were collected from the laboratory of neonatal jaundice. The samples neonatal jaundice with total Bilirubin >2mg/dL was considered for analysis., Glucose dehydrogenase method(Glucometer) and GOD-POD method (Reference Laboratory method) was used to measure glucose measurement in samples that were obtained. Results: Glucometer accuracy was evaluated using linear regression, Passing-Bablock regression, Bland-Altman analysis. There was no significant difference. Clarke Error Grid analysis, >98% results were in zone A. The Mean bias of Glucometer was 1.9%; with P <0.05. Conclusion: POCT Glucometer (Glucose dehydrogenase method) measurement performance was acceptable in hypoglycemic range especially in Neonatal Jaundice.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | March 31, 2019
Evaluation of E-Cadherin and Vimentin Expression as Prognostic Markers for Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Tumor Aggressiveness in Breast Cancer – Sudan
Dr. Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed Ibrahim, Mohammed Awad Elkareem Abdelgadir Elzaki Abdelgadir, Elkhawad Eisa Abdelrahman
Page no 268-273 |
10.21276/sjpm.2019.4.3.24
This is a prospective laboratory-based study, conducted at Rahma medical centre, Khartoum, during the period from
March to July 2018. The study aims to evaluate the expression of E-cadherin and Vimentin as prognostic markers for
epithelial- mesenchymal transition and tumour aggressiveness in breast cancer. Fifty six paraffin blocks are collected
from archive for women previously diagnosed as breast cancer. Tissue microarrays are prepared, and then stained by
immunohistochemistry method. The data obtained was analyzed using SPSS program version 22.0. The age of patients
ranged between 30 to 80 years with a mean of 51.1. The histopathological diagnosis reveals that the invasive ductal
carcinoma is 71.4%, while medullary carcinoma and mucinous carcinoma are 25% and 3.6% respectively. The result of
histological grade shows, grade I is 10.7%, grade II is 35.7% and 53.6% for grade III. The study shows E-cadherin
expression is negative in 12.5%, weakly expressed in 32.1%, moderately expressed in 48.2% and strongly expressed in
7.1%. The study reveals a significant correlation between E- cadherin expression with ages and histological grades
(p.value= 0.028 – 0.027) respectively. Vimentin expression is negative in 1.8%, weakly expressed in 51.8%, moderately
expressed in 46.4%. This results show a significant correlation between Vimentin expression with ages and histological
types (p.value= 0.016 – 0.004) respectively. The study reveals an inverse correlation between E-cadherin and Vimentin (r
= -0.389) with a significant correlation (p.value= 0.002). The study concludes that, decreased expression of E-cadherin
and increased expression of Vimentin are associated with epithelial- mesenchymal transition and breast carcinoma
aggressiveness.