PAC plays an important role in helping parliament to ensure that the activities and spending of the government is according to the approval given by the parliament. In order for the PAC to be effective in performing their duties, they have to be independent in exercising their roles as a PAC members. The objective of the study is to examine the factors that contribute to the independent of the PAC in Malaysia. A study was conducted using qualitative approach to examine the factors that perceived to be important for the PAC to be independent from the perspective of PAC members and non-PAC members. The study reveals that the PAC need to be free from any form of interference, integrity of the members, non-partisan behaviour and chairman of the PAC from the opposition are the factors perceived to be important in order for the PAC to be independent.

Introduction: the theoretical basis used in this study is compliance theory. Compliance theory can encourage someone to comply more with applicable regulations, as well as taxpayers who try to fulfill their obligations, namely paying taxes in a timely manner. Tax payments that are made in a timely manner will be beneficial for the taxpayers themselves because they will not be subject to sanctions due to delays in paying taxes and will also be able to assist the state in fulfilling its obligations namely increasing infrastructure development to support public services. Objective of the papers: this study aims to determine: the simultaneous effect of service quality, penalties, and awareness of taxpayers to taxpayer compliance on MSMEs in Jambi City and the partial effect of service quality, penalties and awareness of taxpayers to taxpayer compliance on MSMEs in Jambi City and the dominant variables have an effect to taxpayer compliance on MSMEs in Jambi City. Method: The samples in this study were 90 respondents. Sampling was simple random sampling method. Methods of data collection using the survey questionnaire instrument. Statistical tests in this study using multiple linear regression analysis with a significance level of 5%. Findings: The results showed that both simultaneously and partially all variables, service quality, penalties, and awareness of taxpayer affect taxpayer compliance. Variables that have the greatest influence are service quality. Conclusion: With the influence of service quality, penalties, and awareness of taxpayers to enhancement taxpayer compliance on MSMEs in Jambi City, it is hoped that the Jambi City government can optimize revenue through the tax sector and optimize the growth of MSMEs in Jambi City.

The inflammatory proteins S100A8 and S100A9 form a heterocomplex associated with the prognosis of various cancers. This study aims to examine the association between S100A8 and S100A9 expressions and various pathological variables in primary lung adenocarcinoma (AC). Serial paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 150 patients with lung AC resected at the Shizuoka General Hospital were immunostained and assessed. In patients with invasive lung AC (n = 132), an overlap between S100A8 and S100A9 immunopositivities was observed. S100A8 alone was not reported, but both immunopositivities were associated with high histological grade (P < 0.05), and S100A8 immunopositivity was associated with vessel permeation, poor pT categories, node metastasis, and poor pStage (P < 0.05). In patients with AC in situ (n = 18), only limited S100A9 immunopositivity was observed. The overexpression of S100A8 (S100A8/S100A9 up-regulation) might be a poor prognostic factor in lung AC.

This study was designed to investigate the relationship between teachers’ classroom leadership styles and students’ achievement motivation in Obio-Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. Three research questions which were transformed into three hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted a correlational design. From SS II student population from 14 public senior secondary schools, 400 students were randomly selected and presented with two research questionnaires titled, “Teachers’ Classroom Leadership Style Questionnaire” (TCLSQ) and “Achievement Motivation Inventory” (AMI) adopted from Muthee and Thomas (2009). The TCLSQ and AMI had reliability coefficients of 0.83 and 0.86 respectively. Relevant data collected were analyzed with Pearson Product Moment Correlation Statistics. The results of the findings showed that, there was a positive and moderate relationship between autocratic leadership style and students’ achievement motivation, which was statistically significant. In addition, there was a positive but low relationship between teachers’ classroom leadership style of laissez-faire and students’ achievement motivation, which was however, also statistically significant. Finally, it was also found out that, there was a significant but positive and moderate relationship between teachers’ classroom democratic leadership style and students’ achievement motivation. Based on these findings, it was recommended among others that, teachers adopt leadership styles that will bring about optimal achievement motivation among students.

This study is analyzing about the issue of blood to various department and find out the major cause for need of blood. For that the issue of blood to various departments in Govt Sivagangai medical college in the year 2018 was collected and analysed. We found that more than 50% of our issue was to CEmON Centre (Comprehensive Emergency Obstetrics and Neonatal care). Among that the blood was mainly used for the correction of anaemia in antenatal and post-natal mothers. So correction of anaemia in early antenatal period by proper protocols will decrease the burden

This before-and-after type of educational intervention study was conducted in a municipal medical college in Maharashtra, India. The participants (60 first-year MBBS students, aged 18 years and above, of either gender) were briefed about peer-assisted learning. After a faculty-delivered conventional lecture, a pre-test was administered. The same topic was taught to the same batch by a trained peer teacher in the presence of faculty members. Subsequently, a post-test was administered. The questions in the post-test were identical to that in the pre-test. The mean marks (out of 60) of students increased from 42.9 +/- 5.98 to 47.16 +/- 5.60, exhibiting significant difference (p<0.00001) in the overall pre-and post-test scores. The mean marks of female students (n=30) were 43.87 +/- 6.46 and 48.07 +/- 5.13, in the preand post-tests, respectively, exhibiting a significant difference (p=0.0053). The mean marks of male students (n=30) also showed significant difference (p= 0.0070) in the pre-test (42.50 +/- 5.84) and post-test (46.57 +/- 5.86). The gender differences in the mean scores were not statistically significant in the pre-test (p=0.3886) and the post-test (p=0.2914). Formal use of peer-assisted learning in institutions would ensure collaborative learning that can be juxtaposed with conventional learning.

A cancer diagnosis can have a huge impact on most patients, families, and caregivers. Feelings of depression, anxiety, and fear are very common and are normal responses to this life-changing experience. Many things can cause these feelings. Changes in body image can affect self-esteem and confidence. Family and work roles may be altered. People might feel grief at these losses and changes. Physical symptoms such as pain, nausea, or extreme tiredness (fatigue) also seem more likely to cause emotional distress. People might also fear death, suffering, pain, or all the unknown things that lie ahead. Family often has these feelings, too. They may be afraid of losing their loved one. They may also feel angry because someone they love has cancer, frustrated that they “can’t do enough,” or stressed because they have to take on more at home. People with cancer, as well as their friends and family, can feel distress about these things at any time after a cancer diagnosis, even many years after the cancer is treated. As the cancer situation changes, they all must cope with new stressors as well as with the old, and their. Objectives: Assessment of depression, anxiety and distress in patients starting chemotherapy was done to study the level of later complications.

Elastic nanocomposite (SBR-Nano carbon black) was combined by the emulsion polymerization strategy. Elastic nanocomposite syntheses have been resolved based on their micro investigation. FTIR and Raman spectra were concentrated to illustrate the structure. The surface morphology of the copolymer gum was inspected by checking scanning electron microscopy and it sets up the change state among crystalline and formless nature. Morphology is also inspected by using transmission electron microscopy. Ozone obstruction was concentrated to explain occasional perceptions of the surface of the examples were made for break commencement. Tests were uncovered for a longer time. Flame obstruction was concentrated on measures the simplicity of termination of a flame and four appraisals are conceivable, contingent on the consuming time and the nearness of flaming drips. SBR-carbon black nanocomposites at 2 phr, 6 phr, 10 phr, and 12 phr wt% nano carbon black stacking indicates fairly enhanced combustibility property than its gum. The present investigation including the emulsion polymerization technique where the environmental performance of elastic nanocomposites is observed to be great.

Purpose of the study: This study was undertaken to evaluate histopathological spectrum of endometrial cancer in women undergoing surgery for carcinoma endometrium in a tertiary hospital in South India for a period of 5 years (2007-2012). Design: It is retrospective study. Setting: This study was revive of medical records in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in collaboration with the Department of medical record section, JIPMER, Pondicherry, India, from January 2007 to December 2012. Population: The subjects included 121 women who underwent surgery for carcinoma endometrium during the study period. Materials and Methods: The medical records of all patients who underwent surgery for carcinoma endometrium were revived. Stage of the disease, surgery performed, co-existing risk factors like diabetes, hypertension and obesity, prophylactic antibiotics, intra operative and postoperative studied. Main outcome measures: Out of the 121 women who underwent surgery for endometrial carcinoma, majority 47 (39%) of them were in the age group of 51-60 years. Majority of women (94%) presented with postmenopausal bleeding. All 121 patients underwent extrafascial hysterectomy and bilateral salpingooopherectomy. Surgicopathological staging showed majority early stage. Mean duration of hospitalization was 14 days and 66 patients received postoperative radiotherapy. Results: In our study majority were endometriod adenocarcinoma (91.74%), followed by serous carcinoma (4.13%) and mixed cell carcinoma (1.65%) with least being leomyosarcoma (0.83%). Complex atypical hyperplasia was present in 0ne patient (0.83%). Conclusion: Endometriod adenocarcinoma is most common histopathological type of carcinoma endometrium in south India

The knowledge of the anatomy of a region becomes very important for doctors of different specialties both in making accurate diagnosis and to give a proper treatment for an individual. Radiologists need to understand the existence of variations in an artery in order to reduce the error in making diagnosis. The ulnar artery is the major artery of the front of forearm and the knowledge of its anatomy and variations in its origin is necessary in all specialties. The study was conducted in Department of Anatomy, Government Stanley Medical College, Chennai and 50 upper limbs comprising from 25 adult human cadavers preserved by embalming with formalin were studied by conventional dissection method. The ulnar artery arises as the terminal branch of brachial artery in significant proportion. The ulnar artery may arise proximal to the elbow or high up in the axilla. 96% of the specimens the ulnar artery arises from the brachial artery as a terminal branch. High origins, the origin of ulnar artery from lower third brachial artery was seen in 2% and from the axillary artery in 2%.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at a health care facility in a metropolitan city to determine the socio-demographic profile of HIV sero-positive individuals. Written informed consent was obtained from 338 HIV sero-positive persons (173 females; 51.19%; 165 males; 48.81%), aged 18-60 years. Each participant was interviewed and socio-demographic profile was recorded on a pre-validated formatted questionnaire. The mean age of female participants was 35.94  8.07 years (95% CI: 34.63–37.15 years), while that for males was 39.27  8.67 years (95% CI: 37.95–40.59 years), exhibiting highly significant (p=0.0003) gender difference. Most participants belonged to middle and lower middle socio-economic classes. The gender differences were significant among the college educated (p=0.049), the unemployed (p=0.0009), semi-skilled workers (p<0.0001) and skilled workers (p<0.0001). Likewise, significant gender differences were found among participants who were single (p=0.002), married (p=0.007) and those who were widowed/separated/divorced (p<0.0001). Focused intervention for the HIV negative spouses will reduce the possibility of female sero-positivity and mother-to-child transmission of HIV. The findings of this study reveal that HIV-related interventions need to be focused on socio-demographic sub-groups, such as, housewives, semi-skilled and skilled workers and males with higher literacy levels

Background: Papanicolaou (PAP) smear is a simple, non invasive and cost effective method for detection of precancerous changes in the cervix. It is effectively used as a screening tool in cervical cancer screening program to identify precancerous lesions so that treatment can be started promptly and thus development of invasive cancer can be prevented. Aim: To study the correlation between PAP smear and cervical biopsy in malignant and non malignant lesions of cervix. Materials and methods: Prospective cross sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Chennai. It included all cases between September 2012 and September 2017 in which both PAP smear and cervical biopsy were done. Cyto-histopathological correlation was done. Results: Out of the 377 cases, on PAP smears 85% of cases were reported as inflammatory smears. Premalignant lesions like LSIL and HSIL were reported in 6.1 % and 4.5% of cases respectively.0.7% of cases were directly diagnosed as SCC. 3.1% of cases were reported as ASCUS. Cytohistopathological correlation was done. Sensitivity in the present study was 81.3%, Specificity was 92%. Positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 77.6% and 86.5% respectively. Diagnostic accuracy of Pap smear in the present study was 84.5%

The controversy surrounding the major determinants of FDI inflows in Africa motivated this study. Past empirical studies have failed to examine how the growth rate of the economy could affect FDI inflows in the continent. The study employed a panel OLS to pool annual data from three largest economies in Africa between 1990 and 2017. This paper identified that, there exists active and passive determinants of FDI inflows in Africa. However, the study reveals that the active determinants of FDI inflows in Africa are market size and the growth rate of economy while the passive determinants are GDP per capita and past FDI inflows. Therefore, the study recommends that the policy makers in Africa need to embark on economic reforms and policies that will promote the expansion of the market size that will guarantee sustainable economic growth in the continent, this in turn will serve as a catalyst that will stimulate further attraction of FDI inflows into Africa.

Background: The study titled ―A cross-sectional analysis of Seropositivity of Hepatitis B & Hepatitis C amongst blood volunteer donors at tertiary health care centre: 10 year study. Method: Records of blood donors collected in the past decade were evaluated and information regarding screening tests was being noted. In addition, a questionnaire was being prepared to collected information about all subjects such as general profile, history of exposure to risky procedures or behaviours, family history of Hepatitis B infection, immunization against Hepatitis B in three doses etc. Result: The above table shows distribution of donors according to type of donor. 54028 (90.81%) donors were Replacement Donors while only 5467 (9.19%) donors were Voluntary Donors. Out of the total 59495 donors in past 10 years, 1020 (1.71%) were diagnosed to be HBsAg positive. Out of the total 59495 donors in past 10 years, 475 (0.79%) were diagnosed to be HCV positive. 74 (1.35%) of voluntary donors in last 10 years came out to be Hepatitis B positive. 58 (1.06%) of voluntary donors in last 10 years came out to be Hepatitis C positive. The above table shows the year-wise number of total donors and voluntary donors. It also shows the number of HBsAg. As per the above tables, there was significantly higher seropositivity among replacement donors as compared to voluntary donors. Conclusion: A large proportion of HBsAg and HCV infected individuals are not aware of their infective status. It is not only dangerous to not know this as these infections are also sexually transmitted to the spouse or any other sexual partners of such individuals. Also, at the time of emergency for the need of blood, such individuals may be a false assurance of source of blood until being tested and refused by the blood bank before actual donation. This may aggravate the situation by rendering in need to search for another source of blood. An increased public health education on the subject is necessary especially for those at a higher risk. Also, voluntary blood donation should be encouraged to fetch safe and tested blood in contrast to the replacement donation where transfusion-transmitted infections tend to be much higher.

Myrianthus aboreus is a medicinal plant that is widely distributed in Africa but common in Delta and Edo states of Nigeria. It is applied in folklore remedies in the treatment of some illnesses. This study was done to investigate the antidiabetic potential of the leaf of Myrianthus aboreus and it’s effects on some biochemical parameters of male wistar rats. The rats were divided into four (4) groups of five (5) rats each. Group one (1) which served as non diabetic control received normal saline only. Group 2 served as diabetic control and received normal saline after induction. Group three (3) and group four (4) were diabetic rats treated with 500mg/kg bw and 1000mg/kg bw of the hydromethanolic leaf extract of Myrianthus aboreus respectively, for a period of four (4) weeks. The results obtained showed that the higher dose extract caused a significant decrease in blood glucose level in week 4 of the study.The changes observed in the plasma concentrations of electrolytes, urea and creatinine were not statistically significant. This study showed that, the leaf extract of Myrianthus aboreus demonstrated hypoglycemic effects in alloxan induced diabetic wistar rats