Using the precipitation data of the sixteen stations in the south of the Yangtze River from 1955 to 2009, this paper calculated the drought index of each month and analyzed the change characteristics of the Station Proportion of Drought Frequency and the Drought Intensity based on the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). The results have shown that the drought tendency increased at different degrees in annual scale, and the main drought types are Spring Drought and Autumn Drought with the increasing trends on season scale. Meantime, the Summer Drought trend decreased, and the Winter Drought was considerable variation. As far as the space variation characteristics are concerned, the southwest region is the worst drought area, the southern region comes second, and the central and the eastern part are not so severe. As a drought index, SPI can well reflect a Regional Drought feature.

Mandibular high condylar fracture is still challenging task for oral maxillofacial surgeon to go for open reduction and internal fixation. Due to the complex anatomy of temporomandibular joint. Most surgeon prefer closed reduction for such fractures. However, some prefer opening and fixing it in correct form and position to achieve appropriate function. Some cases require fixation of the fracture segment outside the socket and refixation with the rest segment which is termed as extracorporeal fixation. Hereby we present a similar case report of 21-year-old male with difficulty in opening and closing mouth and DE arranged occlusion following road traffic accident. On radiographic investigation medially displaced right high condyle and left sub condylar fracture was detected and open reduction and internal fixation was done by extracorporeal fixation of right segment and normal fixation of left segment. extracorporeal fixation is an effective method for management of displaced and dislocated condylar fracture to achieve proper form and function

During 5th & 6th century BC, sweet taste of urine in polyuric patient was described in Sanskrit (Indian) literature by Susruta, charaka, Vagbhata and the disease was named “Madhumeha”. They described that the urine of these patients tasted like honey (madhu), sticky to touch and Ants were strongly attracted to it. To correlate the blood sugar level with clinical manifestation of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study includes all type 2 diabetic patients who attended the department of medicine, ADICHUNCHANAGIRI INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES. This study period was from JANUARY 2016 to DECEMBER 2016 with 100 sample size. Majority of patients were in the age group > 70years. Out of 100 patients studied, 50 patients were male and 50 patients were females. Peripheral neuropathy was more commonly seen in male (42 cases) compared to female (37 cases). Increased duration of diabetes had significant relation to Neuropathy. Out of the 100 diabetic neuropathy patients 18 patients had good control (18%) and 28 patients had fair control (28%) and 54 patient had poor control of blood sugars (54%). Symptoms pertaining to the involvement of the nervous system due to diabetes mellitus were further analyzed in all 100 cases. Sensory involvements were seen in 72 cases and motor involvement in 31 cases. Diabetic neuropathy is common complication of Diabetes mellitus. It is generally considered to be related to duration and severity of hyperglycemia, usually more than 50% of patients with the duration of diabetes of 25yrs or more are affected, making it as the most common disease of Nervous system. It is well known that Diabetes mellitus is rising in an epidemic proportion in Indian subcontinent, prevalence of Diabetic Neuropathy in type -2DM of this country was reported to be 17 to 19% and that of Automatic Neuropathy of 35% of peripheral neuropathy cases.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in adults all over the world. While other major causes of non-cancer mortality such as coronary artery disease and stroke have shown a consistent downward trend, COPD is the only one that continues to increase [1]. In the present study, Majority of patients were in the age group 61-70years. Out of 50 patients studied, 34 patients were male and 16 patients were females. Most of the patients are farmers by occupation followed by beedi worker and factory worker. Cough was present in 92% of patients, sputum production in 96% of patients, breathlessness in 88% of patients, weakness and fatigue was present in 54 % of patients and swelling of lower limbs in 30% of patients. Among 50 patients, 64% of patients were smokers and 36% were non-smokers. 82% of patients had use of accessory muscles of respiration, 52% patients had barrel shaped chest, chest movements were found to be minimal in 64% patients, rhonchi was present in 62% patients, crepitations were heard in 90% patients and clinical signs of pulmonary hypertension were present only in 36% patients.70% patients were found to have severe pulmonary hypertension, 28% had moderate pulmonary hypertension and mild pulmonary hypertension was present in 2%patients. Diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension in patients with COPD is difficult because patients diagnosed with COPD, and are stable, do not routinely undergo right heart catheterization – which makes PH more difficult to detect. In addition, the symptoms of both diseases are easily mistaken as the. While it is difficult to determine the prevalence of COPD with pulmonary hypertension, early detection can improve treatment and quality of life

Concrete, the most common construction material which has less tension capacity. And, a light weight concrete has many application in construction industry now a days due to its provision of less dead load, improvement for seismic structural response, suitability for transporting, and handling economically. Reinforcing material such as natural fiber, can be used to increase crack control and ductility by reducing the tendency of brittleness of concrete. The objective of this study was to evaluate the density, and tensile strength with its correlation with compressive strength of normal weight and lightweight concrete produced when incorporating with sugarcane bagasse fiber. The study has great significance in developing new advanced concrete product which has reduced density and high ductility with reduced crack. Furthermore, the usage of sugarcane in construction can reduce of environmental pollution. Sugarcane fibers extracted from bagasse by manually was used in volume fraction of 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% in terms of weight of cement in mix with average fiber length of 25mm. In this study, lightweight aggregate (scoria) was used by replacing the normal weight aggregate by 50% and semi-lightweight concrete achieved. In order to obtain the output of the objective of the study, total of 48 cubes, 48 beams, and 48 cylinder specimens was prepared, and the tests performed on 7th and 28th days curing period. As result of the testing showed that the increase of fiber decreased the unit weight of concrete with light weight aggregate, but it is not uniform for normal weight concrete. The optimum value containing addition of sugarcane bagasse fiber is 0.5% due to flexural and split tensile strength with a little impact on compressive strength. Therefore, the use of sugarcane fiber in concrete is suitable for addition that do not exceed 0.5% of the concrete mixture.

This study was conducted to determine the physical characteristics of the hazelnut in two forms and to evaluate the impact of cooking on the physicochemical properties. The results showed that the weight of the African hazelnuts ranged from 5.03±0.81 to 22.15±3.93 g, lengths ranging from 2.0±0.07 to 3.56±0.15 cm, widths from 3.29±0.31 to 3.29±0.31 cm. Lengths and widths of whole fruits and seeds showed no significant differences (p <0.05). The most dominant parameters are carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Fat (33.92±6.02-31.73±3.08), protein (11.29±2.15-10.20±2.28), fiber (2.37±0.67-1.45±0.05) and dry matter (94.92±0.47-93.63±1.91) contents (%) decreased significantly (p <0.05) after cooking, while carbohydrates (52.15±4.37-55.75± 5.62) reducing sugars (1.25±0.11-2.08±0.35) and total sugars (5.58 ± 0.87 -6.15±1.3) contents increased. Mineral composition of African hazelnut flours is dominated by potassium, magnesium, phosphorus and calcium. The potassium (5582.15±58-5314.65±204 mg/Kg), magnesium (5243.8±226 -4003.8±177 mg/Kg), manganese (31.53±0.8 -30.93±0.7 mg/Kg), iron (30.33±0.45-26.25±0.32 mg/Kg), calcium (1925±63-1167.7 ±18 mg/Kg) and sodium (255±3.54-241.7±1.92 mg/Kg) contents decreased after cooking while zinc content (21.47±1.27-241.7 ± 1.92 mg/Kg) increased.

This article presents an algorithm for the generation of S-boxes with the maximum algebraic immunity and high nonlinearity. The algorithm is founded method of the permutation of output element of S-box. On basis of the proposed method, S(8x8)-box created, with the algebraic immunity 3 (441) and nonlinearity 104. The algorithm given in this article can be used for oscillation of S(8x8)-boxes with the increased resistance to algebraic, to algebraic, linear, differential and differential-linear methods of a cryptanalysis, for block symmetric algorithms of encryption.

Soft skills have a very important role to improve individual capabilities and also to improve company capabilities. Soft skills attributes, including values, motivation, behavior, habits, character and attitude. The main objective of this study is to broaden understanding regarding the concept of soft skills for Z generation in the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era. If we take a look at the concept of baby boomers generation, X generation , Y generation and Z generation, we can conclude that the generation with the most potential in facing changes in the industrial revolution era 4.0 is Z generation .Z generation was a generation who has born above 1995. Companies and human resource managers must give more attention to Z generation . The main reason is , this generation will soon enter the workforce. With all the conditions and characteristics possessed by Z generation, this generation needs to be equipped with good soft skills. The types of soft skills that must be provided and owned by Z generation include interpersonal skills, communication skills, work ethics and leadership skills. Artikel ini juga merumuskan empat strategi bagi perusahaan untuk persiapannya dalam menerima generasi z untuk memasuki perusahaan

Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been emerged as an important opportunistic pathogen. Being an extremely adaptable organism, it can survive and multiply even with minimal nutrients and is one of the leading causes of hospital acquired infections. P. aeruginosa exhibits intrinsic resistance to several antimicrobial agents. As a result of indiscriminate use of antibiotics, the spread of multidrug resistance (MDR) is now a global problem. Its general resistance is due to a combination of factor.Emergence of carbapenem resistance mainly Metallo-Beta-Lactamase (MBLs) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa which is considered as a world wide public health concern. Objectives: To study the detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its antibiotic susceptibility pattern from various clinical samples in Tertiary Care Hospital, Bhavnagar, Gujarat. Materials and Methods: The Present study was undertaken at Microbiology Laboratory, Sir T. Hospital, Bhavnagar. 300 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were collected from various clinical samples between November-2013 to August-2014 .They were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity testing by Modified Kirby Bauer Disc Diffusion Method as per CLSI guidelines. Quality control of the test was done by standards ATCC strain P. aeruginosa 27853. Results: 300 Isolates were included in the study, out of which 95(32%) showed Imipenem Resistant. and were 100% resistant to Cefoatxime, and Imipenem. Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin showed 84% and 93% resistance. Amikacin and Ofloxacin showed 89% resistance each. where as Piperacillin showed 75% resistance. Conclusions: Early detection will go a long way in making adjustments in empirical antimicrobial therapy. The study was coducted to formulate antibiotic policy and plan a proper hospital infection control strategy to prevent the spread of these MDR strains.

It is obvious that the life of man and that of the society revolve around land and its resources. This importance of land to man and the society influenced the state intrusion into property legislation in order to ensure adequate and efficient land management technique for the benefits of the greatest number of the members of the society. Furthermore, the nexus between land and economic prosperity of an individual and a nation informed the constitutional provisions respecting the inviolability of private property rights in various jurisdictions around the world. This work focuses on the credit aspects of land reform and land settlement schemes in Nigeria. The findings, manifestly, show that Land Use Act 1978 (Act) brought enormous reforms to the administration and management of land in Nigeria, including the aspects of land settlement schemes. Which has, remarkably, improved the economic value of land, and prescribed a much more better and equitable ways of alienating interest in land as expressed in the combined effect of Sections 21, 22, 23, 24, 26 and 34(7) of the Act. It also notes that Land settlement schemes are projects with positive impact on land, and not fettered by the provision of the Land Use Act 1978, as previously thought. Even the ones created by Deed or Wills before the Land Use Act as adumbrated in Section 26 of the Act, Therefore, we recommend that Governments at all levels should create land settlement schemes, so as to improve land, the fortunes and living conditions of the citizens, and, by extension, food security through the Farm settlements.

Background & Objective: UTI (urinary tract infection) is the most common among all hospital acquired infections world wide. In UTI, most common organism is E.coli. Organism responsible for the hospital acquired infection may have tendency to develop multiple drug resistance. E.coli acquired from the hospital source and community source may differ in their resistant against antibiotics. Aim: Our aim to study and compare the antibiotic resistant pattern with special reference to ESBL (extended spectrum β lactamase) in the community acquired and hospital acquired common gram negative bacilli causing UTI in patients of district hospital Gandhinagar during period of June 2008 to may 2009. Methods and materials: E.coli from symptomatic UTI cases from both community acquired and hospital acquired UTI at district hospital Gandhinagar during period of June 2008 to May 2009 were tested for the antimicrobial susceptibility testing against 18 drug of various groups performed by Kirby Bauer's disc diffusion method. Isolates resistant to third generation cephalosporin were tested for ESBL production by double disk synergy test method. Results: Overall E.coli was (73.75%) among the all gram negative bacilli of UTI patients. The majority (70%) of the isolates were from female. ESBL prevalence was 12.6% and 25% among community acquired and hospital acquired E.coli respectively. Cephalosporin group of sensitivity was widely varied among both the group compare to other groups of antibiotics and more resistance was found in hospital strain. Discussion and Conclusion: Almost double prevalence of ESBL among hospital strain compared to community strain leads to change in line of management when a hospitalized patient has tendency to develop UTI, plain cephalosporin should not be administered in other diseases also.

Currently, the Internet is considered as the largest medium and the most important tool for transferring and exchanging information. Besides the benefits and facilities of this "worldwide web", the possibility of crime occurrence has been doubled. Offenses which are now threatening citizens' safety, behavior and welfare, did not exist in the past at all. The present study investigates properties and factors which double the risk and damage of internet crimes. Findings revealed that on one hand internet crimes have unique characteristics such as global aspect, ease of perpetration, extent of damage, multiplicity of victims and crime detection-related issues and the like and on the other hand, internet criminals and victims differ from other criminals and victims in terms of age, gender, motivation and others.

Background: Acute viral hepatitis (AVH) is a major public health problem and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Acute Viral Hepatitis A infection among adults .in developing country is low due to pre exposure of Hepatitis A virus (HAV) during childhood and adolescence. Anti-HAV prevalence in population worldwide has grouped countries into high, intermediate low and very low endemicity. The anti-HAV prevalence in Indian population is of high endemicity. But, there is heterogeneous exposure of hepatitis A virus in different region of the country. In India the age of acquiring HAV has a world-wide distribution and affects infant and young children in developing countries and its epidemics are not very common. HEV is restricted to tropical countries and affects older children and young adults and its epidemics are common. Studies suggested that HEV is etiologically responsible for 10%–95% of admitted cases of hepatitis. Exposure rates over a period of time are different in different parts of the country and in different socioeconomic groups. Objective: To determine the prevalence of Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) and Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection among patients of suspected acute viral hepatitis admitted in Sola Civil Hospital, Ahmadabad / in a tertiary care hospital, Ahmadabad, Gujarat. To determine any change in the epidemiology of these infections with the age, gender and seasonal trends. Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, GMERS Medical College & Hospital, and Sola, which is a leading Tertiary care hospital and the major referral centre of Ahmedabad, Gujarat.

Job satisfaction is among the most expansively explored subjects in the organizational behavior and human resource management domains. Hence, in healthcare context, satisfied doctors are likely to demonstrate greater productivity and commitment towards their job. Similarly, committed doctors denotes low turnover. However, globalization of health sector has motivated many doctors to migrate for better opportunities, better career growth and greater job satisfaction. The recent years have seen the rapid growth of this people-centric health care sector. For the achievement of effective delivery of health services and doctor retention, job satisfaction among hospital doctors needs to be assured. Therefore, this paper attempts to ascertain the gaps and search the diverse factors impacting job satisfaction. Hence, the previous studies concerning job satisfaction among hospital doctors are reviewed. From the past works, positively correlation was found between monetary benefits, work conditions, recognition, autonomy, achievement, and growth and development opportunities, and job satisfaction

Objective: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important cause of hospital acquired infection especially in patients admitted in critical care units such as intensive care units and burn care units. In recent times, it has emerged as a widespread Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) pathogen which requires antibiotic susceptibility testing on a regular as well as a periodic basis. This study was carried with an aim to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern and prevalence of MDR P. aeruginosa infection among burns patients at a tertiary care centre. Material and Methods: This retrospective study of pus samples of hospitalized patients in burn wards between January 2018 to June 2018 was carried out. The intensity of use of antibacterial agents and resistance of P. aeruginosa to common anti-Gram-negative antibiotics were measured. The antibiotic sensitivity testing of all P. aeruginosa isolates was done using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and the results were interpreted according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines (CLSI) 2017. Results: Out of these 130 clinical specimens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated in 38(29.2%) samples. P.aeruginosa showed maximum sensitivity to Imipenem (90%), Piperacillin-tazobactum (78%) and Gatifloxacin (52.6%) followed by Tobramycin (28.9%), Ciprofloxacin (23.6%) and Gentamycin (13.1%). Conclusion: Pseudomonas was the commonest cause of infection in fire burn patients in our setting. About 29.2% of the isolates showed multiple resistances. In light of our findings, regular antibiotic resistance test has to be done for each patient in order to select an appropriate antimicrobial agent.