In this study I aimed at analyzing the use of allegorical names and ironical names as techniques of depicting characters, settings and developing themes in Kiswahili novel, Ua La Faraja [1]. This study was guided by Structuralism theory. Structuralists view language as an independent structure. It is governed by its rules and principles. Language is a system which constitutes elements that are interelated. For example, the real meaning of a sentence emanates from a combination of its constituent elements such as nouns, adjectives, verbs and adverbs. Structuralists like Scholes posit that it is important to use Structuralism to analyse literary works because language and literature are related. The use of structuralism enables us to look at a literary work as a system with interrelated elements like: form and themes which make it complete. Data collection was done in the library. The selected novel and related literature were read with an aim of analyzing the use names. Data was extracted, categorized and analyzed to establish how the author of the selected novel used characters and settings with allegorical names and ironical names. It was established that allegorical names were used more than ironical names. These findings show that the author of the selected novel prefers the use of allegorical names more than ironical names. Also, It was established that settings and characters with allegorical names and ironical names have been used to develop other themes which are outside the meaning of their names. The findings of this research will benefit literary critics, authors, teachers and Kiswahili students in Secondary and even Universities in analyzing the use of allegorical and ironical names in literary work like plays, short stories and novels.

In Yabello most of the range land was changed in to agricultural area and the remaining part were exposed to overgrazing and become seriously degraded. The aim of this study was in order to assess the impact of overgrazing on the soil characteristics of Yabello rangeland. The soil physico –chemical characteristics were evaluated by using three (3) grazing intensity level (ungrazed, moderate grazing and over grazing (each with 2 ha) were selected, which were located about 100 to 150m apart within a 10 ha area. This study indicates that Overgrazing homogenized soil characteristics. The ranges of spatial autocorrelation for soil organic C (SOC) and total N were at the HG site, which was considerably larger than that at the MG and OG sites. Soil nutrients such as organic C, N and K were show a small higher variation in the ungrazed areas than as compared to both moderately grazing and overgrazing, even though, a variation were generally low and differed non-significantly in all the study sites. Results on soil texture revealed that the sand, silt and clay contents were not much difference in the three land-use systems. In general, since the complex nature of soil nutrient patterns, which are largely dependent on land-uses and topography and also the current study were done based on small sample areas we call up researchers for a more broad-based additional research investigation to provide stronger and basic information in the Yabello rangelands in this regard.

Within the space of sports games, more particularly in the physical practices where participants interact operative way with others. This is particularly the case in team sports (football, basketball, volleyball, rugby, baseball, Futsal, Beach soccer...) or traditional Tunisian sports games (mini goals, 7 holes, elagfa,...) analysis by Allen Ali [1], during of which the players of a team communicate unambiguous with their partners but contre-communiquent not without malice with opponents. The purpose of our study is to show the effect of the specificity of the environment according to the rules of each sport Futsal and beach soccer on the certainty of decision-making during communications for inter and intra participated in competitive situations high level. The methodology used being an analysis of six matches, including three of the last World Cup of Futsal 2016 in Colombia and three of the last World Cup of beach soccer 2017 in the Bahamas. These analyses have come up as a result that the environment affects the shape of the sport as well as the practice environment is a determinant of practical identity during the decision-making process and affects the certainty of results.

Leaf ethanolic extracts of six Senna species namely S. occidentalis, S. hirsuta, S. siamea, S. obtusifolia, S. polyphylla and S. alata were obtained using the cold extraction method. The extracts were tested for antimicrobial activity against five organisms, namely Escherichia coli, Klebssiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia and Salmonella typhi. The agar well diffusion method was used to carry out this test. The study on antimicrobial activities shows that ethanolic extracts of the six Senna species possess antibacterial activity against human pathogens used in this study. The antibacterial activities of the extracts were more pronounced at higher concentration than at lower concentration in the species of Senna investigated. However, Senna alata showed more antimicrobial acivity. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the plant extracts ranged from 21.5 mg/ml to 62.5 mg/ ml with Senna alata having the lowest value (31.25 mg/ ml) for the pathogen tested except Klebssiella pneumonia (65.5 mg/ml) while the other Senna species have similar minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of Senna alata was favourably compared with the standard drug, ciprofloxacin. The antibacterial activities of the plant extract could possibly be due to alkaloids and flavonoids. Bioactive substance from these six Senna species can therefore be employed in the formation of antimicrobial agent for the treatment of various bacterial infections or diseases.

The present article deals with the syntactic position of the topic markers in Mandarin Chinese. One of the characteristics of the topic structures in Mandarin Chinese is that there is a topic marker attached to the topic. The topic markers don’t carry meaning in the structure but only serve as the functional markers in syntax. Therefore it may be argued that these topic markers are not heads of the topic structures but rather modality particles attached to the head of the topic.

Vermiculture employ earthworms for decomposition of organic waste for production of organic manure. The importance of earthworms is known since time immemorial and it is considered natural plough by the farmers. Earthworms are one of the most important fauna of agro-ecosystems which dominate the biomass of invertebrates in many soils of temperate and tropical regions of the world. The benefits are now globally realized that earthworms can contribute much to the management of different pedo-ecosystems. They are useful in land reclamation, soil improvement and organic waste management in addition to their use as a protein-rich source of animal feed. Earthworms eat and mix large amount of soil or in burrows, depending upon the species concerned. Their casts contain high concentration of organic material, silt, clay and cations such as iron, calcium, magnesium and potassium. Earthworms also release nitrogen in to soil in their casts and urine. Earthworms change the physical characteristics of soil by aerating during rain or irrigation. Earthworms thus enhance incorporation and decomposition of organic matter, increase soil aggregate, improve porosity and water infiltration and increase microbial activity. Vermiculture may be a boon for Fiji which is a small Island nation located in the South Pacific, 3000 km east of Australia and 1930 km south of the equator. It is endowed with excellent climate which is very much suitable for vermicomposting. The land and climate of Fiji are very good for growing horticultural crops such as vegetables and fruits. Fiji farmers use imported chemical fertilizers which is costly resulting farming as an expensive venture. The export market for organically produced crops is increasing worldwide providing excellent opportunity to the farmers to use organic manure produced locally. To meet the farmers‟ demands of organic manure there is a vast scope of vermiculture. The availability of plenty amount of plant biomass, number of suitable earthworm species and excellent tropical climate are in favour of simple vermiculture technology.

Background: Midline line incisions are known for its versality of rapid and wide access to the peritoneal cavity with least damage to abdominal wall musculature, vessels and nerves. The closure technique varies from operating surgeon to institutions. The aim of this study was to see the postoperative results in reference to small tissue bites in the closure of abdominal wall. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in the department of general Surgery SKIMS, MCH Bemina Srinagar. A total of 50 cases were managed with small bites technique that underwent midline laparotomy in both elective and emergencies from 2016 to 2018. Patients were operated with small tissue bite sutures placed 5 - 7 mm from the wound edge and 5 - 7 mm apart and included only the aponeurosis in the stitches without peritoneum. Results: Maximum number of patients were males, maximum number of patients were in age group of 20-30 years (56%), serum albumin was ≥3 in36 (72%) of patients. Surgical site infection was seen in 12 (24%) of patients. Conclusion: Our study showed that small stitch length between 5 to 7 mm with SL: WL ratio: greater than or equivalent to 6:1 to achieve safe closure of midline laparotomy incision

The head and neck area is the most complex area of the human body, with its most physical connections to the outside environment. So it plays host to a variety of infections. Sinonasal tract fungal infections are not uncommon and the surgical pathologist is concerned with establishing a correct etiological diagnosis because many of the infectious fungal masses are confused with neoplasms both clinically and radiologically. So this study was aimed to identify the histomorphological type of fungal infections in the sinonasal tract and their prevalence according to various clinical parameters. This was a retrospective study carried out in the Department of Pathology, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences for a period of 3 years (Feb 2016 to Feb 2019) and all the Sinonasal tract lesions morphologically diagnosed to have fungal infections were included in this study. During the study period, Out of 11,301 total histopathology specimens received, 40 cases were diagnosed with sinonasal fungal infections (0.35%). Of these, 77.5% were males, 22.5% were females with male preponderance. The most common type of fungal infection was Aspergillosis (14 cases), followed by Mucormycosis (11cases). The most common site of infection in the sinonasal tract was Maxillary sinus. In this study, we attempted to determine the etiological diagnosis of sinonasal fungal infections and the Histopathological examination can render efficient identification of infectious fungal organisms and remains the only feasible and rapid means to identify fungal organisms for starting appropriate therapy for patients.

Background: Twin is a form of multiple birth in which the mother gives birth to two offspring from the same pregnancy. Twins can either be Monozygotic or dizygotic. In this research, lip print as a means of identification in human was studied using 80 individuals (40 pairs- 25 pairs of non-identical and 15pairs of identical twins) of the Yoruba tribe of Nigeria (ranging between of ages of 5- 66 years) residing in Igbo-Ora community of Oyo state in Western Nigeria. The lips of the subjects were properly cleaned and a red lipstick was applied on it. After which, the lip print impression was made on a white plane sheet. Cellophane tape was then struck on it for permanent record. The obtained lip print was studied using a magnifying lens. Results and Discussion: The results showed that the lip print pattern is unique to individuals and there were no two similar patterns even among identical twins and twins of the same parents and tribe. The most distributed lip patterns were type II in both non-identical and identical twin (26.5% and 31.7% respectively). The least distributed pattern in non-identical twin was type V (5.5%), type I’ (8.3%) and type V (8.3%) was the least distributed in identical twin. In total, the most distributed lip pattern in non-identical and identical twin was type II (28.4%) while the least was type V (6.7%). Conclusion: The study has revealed that the most distributed lip pattern in non-identical and identical twin was type II (28.4%) while the least was type V (6.7%). By implication amongst twins whether identical or non-identical, in a random selection there is a greater probability of picking someone who has a type II pattern as the most frequent pattern type. This information could aid in a forensic study and serve as a strong means of identification when the identity was not established beforehand.

Hepatitis B infection is caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV), an enveloped DNA virus belonging to family Hepadnaviridae that infects the liver and causes hepatocellular necrosis and inflammation which are serious public health problem worldwide. The Present study was conducted in the department of microbiology on 456 female patients. The serums were obtained by centrifugation & test was done. The Hepatitis B surface Ag was detected by using HEPACARDS kit. In our current study on 456 female patients were screened for HBsAg and we found that 5.3% female patients were reactive with HBsAg in serum and 94.7% were Non reactive with HBsAg out of 456 female patients. Higher prevalence of HBsAg was reported in most sexually active age group.i.e.21-40 years (57.5%) and least in age group 81-100 (0.4%). In the light of current study, it can be concluded that the Hepatitis B contributes significantly to chronic liver diseases in India and being transmitted through parenteral, sexual or perinatal mode. The study revealed high prevalence rate of HBV among female patients (5.3%).

Worldwide, retention of skilled employees has been of serious concern to managers in the face of ever increasing high rate of employee turnover. Excessively high and low turnover rates, both have a negative consequence on the success and productivity of the sector. The focus of the study is to investigate the influence of non-monetary factors on employee’s satisfaction and retention in Nigeria organizations. A survey of 60 full- time employees selected through stratified sampling techniques in Edo and Taraba state reveals that age of the firm, autonomy in work place; training, internal career opportunity, reward and recognition have positive significant relationship with employee’s retention. However, the study recommends that organizations should emphasize on the extrinsic factors like attractive salary package and also should give additional benefit for the good performances of the employees. Finally, organizations should adopt adequate and competitive monetary policy strategies that will discourage employee turnover. Keywords: Employees Satisfaction, Employees Retention, Non-Monetary

Background: The presence of a mass in head, neck and face region often pose a challenging diagnostic problem to the clinician who is confronted with a maze of possibilities. The routine work up comprises of clinical history, clinical examination and other diagnostic aids like radiology which often fail to resolve the vexing problem regarding the nature of the mass. An early recognition and categorization of lesions is essential for treatment. Aim of the Study: To assess the utility of FNAC as an initial diagnostic modality in patients with swellings in the head, neck and face region. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of General Pathology of D.Y. Patil Medical College. The ethical clearance for study protocol was obtained from ethical committee of the institution. The present study emphasizes on the diagnostic utility of the fine needle aspiration of head, neck and face swellings. This study is undertaken from February 2015- June 2016. All the patients referred to the department of pathology for FNAC of swellings in the region of head, neck and face, were analysed. A total number of 484 FNAC cases are analysed in this study.

This paper attempts to discuss the need for fostering 21st century skills in schools, especially in English Language classrooms. Our school systems need to respond to the changing world. The new generation is to be prepared for the new careers, by connecting their learning with real life. Schools should build the young generation for the future. This is possible only when the curricula incorporate the 21st century skills to frame the syllabi to meet the changing needs. The teaching- learning process should be made challenging, inspiring, interesting and effective. Language classroom can contribute much to this effect by connecting physical and virtual environment that can connect the learners with a “variety of learning resources, and with people of different cultural backgrounds.” This may enhance learning experiences and individual development. The present century is technology rich and immensely complex. Learners in the present century need abundant opportunities to participate in connected learning environments that can ensure perfect learner engagement. Classroom environment should provide the learners with the opportunities to acquire the skills like critical thinking, problem solving, creativity, innovation, celebration, team work, leadership, cross-cultural understanding, etc. This can equip the learners with the ability to face the challenges of the modern society. Learning is a lifelong process .So the learners must get chances to update themselves with the latest trends and information. English is the ideal context for introducing and building 21st century skills

The automated hematology analyzer providing CBC has become the keystone of modern hematology laboratories and has replaced the traditional manual methods. Morphological typing of anemia is routinely done based on RBC indices like MCV, MCH, MCHC and RDW and also by peripheral smear examination. In this study morphological typing of different types of anemia were done by indices obtained from automated analyzer and by peripheral smear and were compared.400 cases of anemia were analyzed by sysmex XT 1800i analyzer and results compared and correlated. Out of 400 cases 351 cases showed a concordant typing and 49 cases showed a non-concordant typing and 12.25% of cases required a peripheral smear review for the correct typing of anemia. The sensitivity and specificity of the sysmex XT 1800i analyzer were calculated as 97% and 91% respectively for the detection of microcytes, 96.5% and 97.5% respectively for the detection of macrocytes and 91% and 90.5% respectively for the detection of normocytes. Most of the non-concordant cases belonged to the category of normocytic normochromic anemia with raised RDW. Morphological typing of anemia from the RBC indices and RDW showed a high sensitivity and specificity, except for some cases with a raised RDW which required an additional peripheral smear examination for the correct typing. So manual peripheral smear examination still holds important role in the modern laboratory practice as it provides us with many information for the proper diagnosis and management.

The glucose tolerance signifies the ability of the body to dispose off an additional load of glucose given. This test is useful in distinguishing a person with a normal glucose tolerance from people who have increased tolerance in disease conditions. Aim of the study to study on glucose tolerance test. Approximately 40% of subjects who will develop type 2 diabetes are within the NGT range at OGTT, indicating that there is a large number of NGT subjects who constitute the larger reservoir of future type 2 diabetes. OGTT detects diabetes more efficiently than FPG as it recognizes altered post-prandial metabolism.