PT Intan Sejati is a company engaged in printing services. The production process at PT. Intan Sejati uses 96 machines. The maintenance activities carried out by the company are corrective maintenance. Engine damage in the period (January-December) in 2018 shows that there are 636 engine failures that require part replacement with 44% of damage occurring in the printing machine, which means the machine's printing process is a critical machine. This study was conducted to classify the criterion index part of the machine using the Reliability Centered Spares method, sorting out critical parts repairable and non repairable, determining the needs of critical parts using the Poisson Process method, determining the minimum and maximum stock quantities, determining the size of orders for economic parts using the Economic Order Quantity. The results of the RCS worksheet show that there are 3 high critical classification parts, 52 medium critical classification parts, 33 low critical classification parts and 48 not critical classification parts. The calculation of part requirements is carried out on 14 part units which are included in the high category and critical medium and have a frequency of damage ≥3 times. 14 units of parts are included in the category of non repairable parts. The biggest critical part needs are on the XL 105 engine with 61 units and the smallest need is on the SM 52 A engine with 21 units. The largest maximum and minimum amount of inventory is on the CD 102 machine with a supply range of 9-26 units and the smallest inventory is on the XL 105 engine with a supply range of 2-3 units. The largest economical ordering size is on the SM 102 B engine with 11 units and the smallest on the XL 105 engine with 2 units.

Background: This analysis is a radiographic instrument that was developed directly from the philosophy expressed in Arnett and Bergman “Facial keys to orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning, Parts I and II”. The novelty of this approach, as with the “Facial Keys” articles, is an emphasis on soft tissue facial measurement. This article describes comparison ofdentoskeletal factors between Himachali and Caucasian female population that contribute to an aesthetically pleasing face which should be considered during orthodontic treatment. The aim of the present study was to highlightthe differences in dentoskeletal factors between Himachali and Caucasian population. Materials and Methods: Lateral cephalograms of 50Himachali femalesof age group 18-25 years were taken in Department of Orthodontics, Himachal Institute of Dental Sciences, Paonta Sahib and tracing of soft tissue profile as well as related osseous and dental structures were made using Nemoceph software. Then Arnett’sdentoskeletal traits were compared with Himachali dentoskeletal traits. Results: The overjetin Himachali female population is more as compared to Caucasian female population. Conclusion: Himachali females may need more retraction of upper incisors as compared to caucasian females.

Fresh palm oil is known to compose of vitamin A and E; two well known antioxidants which combat alot of ailments caused by reactive oxygen species. Thermoxidized palm oil on the other hand has deleterious effects on some organs. This study was done to find out the effects of chronic consumption of palm oil on some renal function indices (protein, glucose and creatinine) in rats. Thirty male albino rats (weighing 140g-160g) of the wistar strain were randomly divided into three groups of ten rats each namely: control; (fed normal rat chow), FPO (fed 15%w/w fresh palm oil diets) and TPO (fed 15%w/w thermoxidized palm oil diets). All groups had free access to tap water. Results showed that plasma protein levels in TPO-fed animals were significantly (P<0.001) higher compared with control and FPO-fed groups. Creatinine levels were significantly (P<0.001) higher in TPO-fed group than those of the control and FPO-fed groups. Urine protein, glucose and creatinine levels in the TPO-fed group were significantly (P<0.001) higher than those of control and FPO groups. Conclusion: Chronic consumption of thermoxidized palm oil distorts renal handling of protein, glucose and Creatinine, while fresh palm oil maintains these renal function indices.

Aim: To evaluate the soft tissue characteristics of skeletal Class II Division 1 subjects (group II) with low mandibular plane angel compared with skeletal Class I subjects (group I) in himachali population. Material and Methods: Lateral cephalograms of 100 adults (60 women, 40 men; age range 18-50yrs) were divided into 2 groups based on horizontal and vertical skeletal pattern (SN-MP angle): group I, 50 subjects; group II-low angle (<27°), 50 subjects. The correlations and multiple linear regression tests were used to determine the skeletal and dental variables influencing soft tissue characteristics. Results: For the soft tissue analysis of all subjects, lower lip thickness was significantly increased in group II-L compared with group I. The perioral soft tissue measurements of group II were correlated with the inclination and anteroposterior position of the maxillary and mandibular incisors along with facial depth (N-Go) and facial length (S-Gn). Upper lip strain of group II was influenced by the inclination and anteroposterior position of the maxillary incisors. Conclusions: It is important to evaluate lip strain and lip thickness based on the skeletal pattern as well as dental inclination to obtain balance in the perioral muscle activity.

Radicular cysts are the most common odontogenic cysts affecting the oral cavity. They are usually asymptomatic and are diagnosed during routine radiologic examination. Depending on the extent of the lesion, the cyst is managed by non-surgical or surgical means. Root canal therapy is preferred in a localised lesion whereas in large extensive cysts, enucleation, marsupialization or decompression is done. In this case report, we present the diagnosis and surgical management of a massive infected radicular cyst in the maxillary posterior region.

Objective: To investigate the aesthetic perceptions of 100 consecutive patients and their parents of orthodontic treatment need and to compare their observations with that of orthodontists. Methods: The sample consisted of 100 consecutive orthodontic patients seen for the first time at Sharavathi dental college and Hospital. Of the total sample, 49 were males and 51 were females, with ages ranging from 7 to 21 years (mean + SD; 12.81 + 3.08). The self-assessment by patients and the recording by parents and orthodontists were carried out using the Aesthetic (AC) and Dental Health (DHC) Components of Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) as applicable. Results: The results showed a strong association in the perception of dental appearance by patients and the views of other dental assessors. These correlations were highly statistically significant (P<0.001) with the highest correlation between the parents and the orthodontists (r =0.791) while the least was between the patients and the orthodontists (r = 0.653). The study also found that about one-half of the patients were in the "definite need for orthodontic treatment". Conclusions: There is a strong relationship in the perceptions of dental appearance by patients, parents and orthodontists. This index could therefore be used as an effective tool in communication and achieving realistic treatment decisions.

Sport psychology help professional and amateur athletes to deal with their problems, improve their performance and achieve their goals. Sports psychology can even help people outside the playground. Sports psychology important for successful performance in most sports, it can help all athletes to Enhance performance, Cope with the pressures of competition, Recover from injuries, Keep up an exercise program and enjoying their sports. The present conceptual paper will review general psychological factors that already affect the athletes’ performance and sports.

Background: To ascertain if herbal dentifrices have an effect on Streptococcus mutans count in orthodontic patients with Self ligating brackets. Material and method: patient had tooth No’s 25 included in the study with SLB bracket bonded. Dentifrices tested were Herbal based. Conventional tooth paste was considered as control group. Result: Paired T test compared the means of Streptococcus mutans count around SLB bracket at different time intervals. Conclusion: This shows self-ligating bracket has statistically significant reduction of Streptococcus mutans with herbal toothpaste.

Genetic mutations in the CFTR protein gene cause Cystic Fibrosis. For disease occurrence, individuals have to inherit two defective genes of CFTR from each parent. CFTR mutations are distributed into six classes. Though CF affects all ethnic as well as racial groups, but in Caucasians of North European origin, it is more common. The clinical representations of CF include raised NaCl cons. in sweat glands, deficiency of pancreatic enzymes, azoospermia in adult males, and decline in lung function which leads to pulmonary exacerbations. The therapies for CF are gene therapy, CFTR modulators, potentiators, correctors, and stop codon suppressors. The incidence of CF in Pakistan is low as it is more common in Caucasians. Due to lack of suitable diagnostic tools, this disease is often neglected in Pakistani population.

Ridge augmentation of the deficient alveolar ridge is often required to compensate for the bone loss and to make it suitable for an implant placement. In this case report, we followed the technique of ridge split technique with simultaneous PRF and implant placement in the anterior maxillary region.

Achene and pappus macro and micro-morphological characters for 10 species belong to two sub-family of Asteraceae from eastern region of Saudi Arabia to evaluate the application of this character in the identification and differentiation level by using light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The achene morphological characters as, size, shape, color, texture, ridges, base, achene coat and pappus characters are done. The achene coat pattern sculpture recorded 6 types; striate, tuberculate, granulate, sulcate, irregular reticulate and reticulate-rugose, the main types were reticulate. The pappus type’s recorded three types; scabrous barbellate bristles, scabrous subulate scales free and capillary barbelllate, the main types were scabrous barbellate bristles found in seven studied species. The result for this study supports the use of achene morphological characters for identification and differentiates of different related species but cannot be used for taxonomical levels for the different tribes.

Background: Unicystic ameloblastoma is one of the different clinical variants of ameloblastoma which is less aggressive in its biological behavior. Aim: The present study was undertaken to retrospectively compare the clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic features of 50 cases of unicystic ameloblastoma in Indians. Methods: Biopsy records of 50 histologically diagnosed cases of unicystic ameloblastoma over 9-year (2010-2019) period were retrieved and analyzed for age, sex, site distribution, clinical presentation, radiologic features, and histopathology. Results: It was revealed that out of 50 cases, a male preponderance was seen. Age predisposition was seen to favor the 2nd to 3rd decade, the most common site was the posterior aspect of lower jaw. Common histological type noted was luminal and intramural type (1.3). Conclusion: The study provides baseline data regarding the viable record for the distribution of odontogenic lesions in the sample population.

Asthma-COPD overlap Syndrome (ACOS) is a syndrome in which a patient suffers from both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. Standard definition and diagnostic criteria of this overlap syndrome is not established yet. It is important to formulate a definition of ACOS for accurate diagnosis and studies. Few biomarkers have been found which can be useful for diagnosis but much research is needed. The prevalence of ACOS depends upon the definition, diagnosis criteria and population analyzed. Different single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) has been identified in limited population.

Background: This analysis was developed directly from the philosophy expressed in Arnett and Bergman “Facial keys to orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning, Parts I and II”. The novelty of this approach, as with the “Facial Keys” articles, is an emphasis on soft tissue facial measurement. This article describes comparison of various facial lengths between Himachali male population and South Indian male population that contribute to an aesthetically pleasing face which should be considered during orthodontic treatment. The aim of the present study was to highlightthe differences in facial length norms between Himachalimales and South Indianmales. Materials and Methods: Lateral cephalograms of 50Himachali males of age group 18-25 years were taken in Department of Orthodontics, Himachal Institute of Dental Sciences, Paonta Sahib and tracing of soft tissue profile as well as related osseous and dental structures were made using Nemoceph software. Then Arnett’s soft tissue traits were compared with Himachali traits. Results: The present study showed that there is decreasedupper lip length in Himachali males as compared to South Indian population. Conclusion: Individual norms are necessary for a population in order to plan and deliver quality treatment.

Pregnancy though a normal physiological process exposes the person to oxidative stress. Glutathione is a master antioxidant; it protects both mother and foetus from the damage of oxidative stress and free radicals. In the beginning of pregnancy, Glutathione protects essential functions of the growing and developing embryo by controlling cell differentiation, cell death and other essential functions in the developing embryo. Hence this study proposed the level of glutathione in the pregnancy. Aim: To study the glutathione level in pregnant women (2ndTRIMESTER) and to compare with the non-pregnant woman. Materials & Methods: 50 pregnant women (2nd TRIMESTER) and 50 non-pregnant women attending OBG department in government medical college, chennai Specimen: whole blood with EDTA. Method: Glutathione is determined by dithiobis nitro benzoicacid Glutathione levels were measured using the dithiobisnitrobenzoic acid (DTNB). Results: It was found that the glutathione levels in second trimester of pregnancy were found to be less than non-pregnant women. Conclusion: The result shows that oxidative stress during pregnancy is responsible for the reduction in glutathione as there is demand for the antioxidant glutathione. This study can be used to reinforce the necessity for the supplementation with dietary antioxidants like glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin E etc. Keywords: Pregnancy, Glutathione, Dithobisnitrobenzoic acid (DTNB).