The breast is the most frequent site of cancer among women in both developed and in developing countries [1]. Breast cancer is the most frequent cause of cancer death in women from less developed countries and second most frequent (after lung cancer) among women in developed countries [1]. It is increasing in incidence in the developing world due to increased life expectancy, increased urbanization and the adoption of western lifestyles [2]. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), “Early detection in order to improve breast cancer outcome and survival remains the cornerstone of breast cancer control” [2]. Breast cancer staging also takes into account cancer's grade; the presence of tumor markers, such as receptors for estrogen, progesterone and HER2; and proliferation factors.Standard screening for new and recurrent breast cancer involves clinical breast exam and breast imaging. Given the recognized differences in breast cancer incidence, subtypes, and prognosis among women , it is important to evaluate potential biomarkers in the landscape of breast cancer subtypes ranging from DCIS to triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) to determine if a simple blood test can enhance the diagnosis of this disease and knowing about stage of disease, and helping in proper treatment. In this review we tried to discuss role of genetic panels in breast cancer management

This research was conducted to examine the effect of Good Corporate Governancen (GCG) and debt policy on dividend policy with profitability as an intervening variable. The proxy of GCG in this study is institutional ownership and the frequency of board meetings while the debt policy is proxied through leverage (debt equity ratio). The population in this study is that all companies indexed by compass 100 listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2017 are 66 companies, with the sampling method using purposive sampling. The results obtained in this study are that institutional ownership has no influence on dividend policy either directly or indirectly through variable intervening ROE. While the frequency of board of directors meetings and debt policy (DER) has an influence on dividend policy both directly and indirectly through variable intervening ROE. The conclusion of the study is that profitability is able to become a variable intervening between GCG proxied through the frequency of board of directors meetings and debt policies that are proxied through DER on dividend policy. Companies that have large profitability tend to provide high dividends.

Public waste disposal workers in Cross River State do not take precautionary measures and are exposed to waste that generates gases, dust and microorganisms. Spirometry and respiratory symptoms in public waste workers in Cross River state, Nigeria was studied with the aid of a spirometer and questionnaire respectively. Dust and gases (NO2, SO2, H2S and FL) emitted from the vicinity were also studied. Two hundred and forty (240) male subjects were used for the study comprising 120 test and 120 control subjects with similar anthropometric parameters. Results showed that the mean FVC (Liters) in the test subjects was significantly reduced (p<0.01) compared to the control. Mean FEV1 (liter) of the test group was significantly lower (p<0.001) than control. Result for FEV1% (Liters) and PEFR (L/min) in the test subjects was not significantly different compared to control. Percentage of oxygen saturation (SPO2%) in both control and test subjects were not significantly different. Dust levels (mg/m3) in the test sites was significantly higher (p<0.001) than in control sites. SO2, NO2 and H2S were significantly higher in test sites compared to control (p<0.05-p<0.01). There was a higher incidence of respiratory symptoms such as productive cough, sneezing etc in public waste workers. Public waste workers had a restrictive pattern of impairment caused likely by significantly high dust levels with SO2 level which exceeded the ambient levels as documented by the Federal Ministry of Environment in Nigeria

Background: Dentists are often faced with a large fluctuation in patient’s inflow to the clinic due to seasonality. This unpredictability of seasonal variation has high impact on revenue. High seasons bring in significantly more revenue than low seasons; dentists may find that certain months have few new patients and more empty chairs. There has been no study documented to find seasonal variation in patient’s inflow to dental clinic. Purpose of this study was to crack the code of relationship between seasonal variation and patients visit to clinic. Materials and method: cross-sectional study was performed for a period of one year in five major cities. Selection of dental clinic was done by probability sampling and one clinic was from all five cities were selected. Result: Study shows monsoon in India is not fruitful for dental practitioners as it attracts fewer numbers of patients to the clinic following summer season. Conclusion: Dental practices can encounter difficulties keeping the doors open if they do not learn to manage changes in seasonality. Study revealed that there was an obvious decline in no patients flow in months of July to September.

Occipital Aneurysmal bone cyst is a rare benign tumor-like mass of the children and young adults. It is more frequent to the long bones and to the spine, but its location to the cranium is unusual. It is a lytic lesion, causing bone augmentation with a heterogeneous bloody content. Since its first description in 1942, only few cases have then been published in the literature and all have been listed in the text. We discuss through a successfully managed case of a 2 years old child the pathogenicity, the morphologic and radiologic criteria suggestive of this unusual pseudo-tumor and also discuss treatment options.

Background: College students may experience severe sleep problems that negatively impact their health and well-being at certain times. The Partial sleep loss may increase the risk of obesity and weight gain. Aim: To assess the association between sleep quality and BMI in medical college students and to determine whether the students with poor sleep quality are at risk of developing obesity. Materials and Methods: 100 medical college undergraduate students of both the sexes aged between 18 - 25 years of Santhiram Medical College, Nandyal was included in the present study. Sleep quality was assessed by Pittsburg sleep quality index (PSQI) questionnaire. PQSI is a questionnaire based study, which is a standardized, quantitative measure of sleep quality with demonstrated high levels of consistency, reliability & validity. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight (in Kg) divided by height-squared (in m2). The relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and sleep quality was analyzed in the present study. Results: Among 100 medical college students; 9 students were underweight, 45 were normal weight, 31 were overweight, and 15 were obese in the present study. The mean PSQI in underweight students was 3.1, normal weight was 3.4, and overweight was 2.67 and obese was 4.9.The mean BMI in students with PSQI<5 was23.04±3.89 and in those with PSQI >5 were 23.80±4.40. Conclusion: There was no association between sleep quality and BMI in the present study. We will extend our study in large sample size and by a different methodology with equal number of participants in each BMI category to determine better outcome in the present study.

Benign anal or perianal conditions including haemorrhoids, anal fissures, perianal abscesses, and fistulae are commonly observed in general practice. This study carried out to evaluate the most common perianal conditions in adult patients of varying age treated surgically in a periphery general hospital, examining complications, recurrence and mortality rates. A prospective cross sectional study was conducted, at Almikhwah General Hospital, with a minimum follow-up of 6 months. A total of 75 patients subjected to surgical treatments for bengin perianal disease were eligible. Their mean age was 35.8 years, and male to female ratio was 1.8:1. The mean duration of symptoms was 35.6 days. The most common conditions were abscess and haemorrhoids that’s seen in 44% and 29% respectively, whereas, fistula in ano was the least (6.7%). The mean hospital stay was 2.1. Complication was encountered in 1.3%. The mean duration of analgesic use was 2.07. One year follow up revealed no recurrence or mortality. In conclusion, most patients presenting with anorectal symptoms will have benign anorectal pathology and can be successfully treated in the periphery hospital setting.

Oil palm is a strategic commodity in the Indonesian national economy. The condition of the oil palm seed industry in Indonesia has continued to change as a result of the increase of new domestic seed producers, thus affecting consumer behaviour and the direction of corporate strategy. PPKS itself as one of Indonesia's oil palm seed producers has been impacted by the changes occurring both from the instability of Crude Palm Oil prices, moratorium, regulation, increased competition and economic shifts. In the current era of distraction, PPKS must move quickly, precisely and responsibly to survive from the competition is increasingly competitive. At this moment, competitive conditions are too tight that PPKS management is aware of exploiting assets in the context of brands that are owned to maximize corporate performance. The most potential market for exploitation is the people's plantation market. Specifically, that directly touches the consumer mind generated based on the latest information on consumer behaviour. The research is conducted on the people's plantation segment as its population. The respondents' sampling of ninety-nine oil palm farmers. By applying the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM) with the SmartPLS V3.2.8 tool, the conclusion of the research result is that there is a positive and insignificant influence between the brand associations of PPKS on the repurchase decision of oil palm seeds. There is a positive and significant influence between perceived quality of PPKS on repurchase decision of oil palm seeds, the customer satisfaction of PPKS on repurchase decision of oil palm seeds, brand association on customer satisfaction, and perceived quality towards customer satisfaction of PPKS. Also, demonstrating positive and significant influence between the brand association of PPKS and perceived quality of PPKS on repurchase decision of oil palm seed through customer satisfaction of PPKS

Hypertension is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Patients’ beliefs and knowledge about hypertension have a strong influence on compliance to treatment and control of the disease. Up to date, there is no previous data on hypertension health beliefs in Bahrain. Therefore, this research was conducted to study patients’ beliefs and explore the association between patients’ characteristics and their beliefs. Aim: To understand Bahraini patients’ beliefs about hypertension in primary health care in Bahrain. Objectives: To explore patients’ beliefs about hypertension in primary health care in Bahrain; to study the association between personal characteristics (demographic, socioeconomic and medical) and patients’ beliefs. Study design: Cross-sectional study. Settings: Data was collected from two primary care health centers in each health region in Kingdom of Bahrain using validated questionnaire. Participants 454 hypertensive adult Bahraini patients ≥18 years, who were attending primary care within 10 days period in February 2018 (1st – 14th February), were recruited. Pregnant women, patients with psychotic disorder or cognitive impairment, and patients who are unable to communicate were excluded. Data was analyzed qualitatively for themes using SPSS version 23.0. Results: Patients’ mean age was 58.2 ± 11.697 years with females constituting 58.4%. Based on the Health Beliefs Model, participants have strong beliefs regarding their susceptibility to the effects of hypertension, seriousness of its complications and the benefits of a proper and healthy management plan. On the other hand, they have weak beliefs in the efficacy of the barriers (i.e. alternative medicine and medication side effects) toward hypertension management. The most variables having the largest influence on patients’ beliefs were duration of having hypertension and existence of other chronic medical problems. Conclusion: The findings suggest that participants were fairly knowledgeable about hypertension. We concluded that patients’ perceptions are an important factor in hypertension care and should be deeply explored

This research is an event study that aims to find empirical evidence of the impact of the quick count of the results of the presidential election on the Indonesian capital market. The population of this study are stocks that are consistently listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the study period. The data used is secondary data in the form of a daily sectoral index two days before and two days after the event. Paired Samples t-test is used to test the hypotheses. The results of the Paired Samples t-test show that there are no significant abnormal returns in the period around the date of the event, and in the period between before and after the quick count event the results of the presidential election. The results of the study also prove that there is no abnormal trading frequency in the period around the date of the event, and in the period between before and after the quick count event the results of the presidential election. In general, it can be concluded that there is no impact from the quick count of the results of the presidential election on the Indonesian capital market

Caecal diverticulitis is an uncommon condition in western countries and is often confused with the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. A distinction between the two entities is almost made intraoperatively. The management of solitary inflamed caecal diverticulae is still controversial; it ranges from a conservative approach with antibiotics to a right hemicolectomy. We present a case of 27 year old female which presented to the emergency department with symptoms similar to acute appendicitis. However, a CT scan showed signs of perforated caecal diverticulitis, thus an ileocaecal resection was realized. Across our case and a literature review, we try to highlight the difficulty of a preoperative diagnosis of this rare clinical condition and to discuss essentially its surgical management

Antioxidant agents stimulate new bone formation during the process of repair of bone defects. This study aimed to examine the effects of systemic administration of resveratrol, an antioxidant agent, on new bone formation in a rat model of experimentally induced bone defects. The study consisted of four groups. Each group was divided into 2 subgroups on the basis of the date on which the animals were sacrificed. We formed a 5-mm bone defect in the right mandible of the animals in each group. Control group (C) received no further treatment, first experimental group (G) received a bovine bone graft, second experimental group (R) received systemic administration of resveratrol (10 mg/kg), third experimental group (GR) received systemic administration of resveratrol (10 mg/kg) with a bovine bone graft. The results of histopathological examination on the 14th and 28th day showed significant differences in the degree of ossification, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and the density of inflammatory cells between the groups (p < 0.05). Results of biochemical analysis showed significant differences in the serum levels of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) between the groups (p < 0.05). Thus, our results showed that systemic resveratrol administration with graft placement may have positive effects on bone healing in critical-sized bone defects.

Background: Socioeconomic status (SES) and geographical proximity form dental care unit has been reported to be associated with lack of concern to dental health. Therefore, the present study was conducted to assess the relationship between SES and geographical factor affecting number of case reporting to the five different dental clinics across India. Materials and Methods: A probability sampling was done to select dental clinic among five major cities across the north India. After selecting the dental clinic a cross sectional study was conducted to assess the relationship between SES and geographical factor affecting number of case reporting to the selected dental clinic of major cities. All the subjects were evaluated and questioned regarding locality from where they arrived, there occupation and annual income to reach to the conclusion of their geographic location from clinic and socioeconomic status. This cross sectional study was carried for a period of six months. After collecting data from all five clinics unpaired t test was done to find out the significance of the study. Results: a total of urban classified patient in five clinics were 2672 whereas low socioeconomic and rural patients were 666. Comparison of mean Urban and Rural OPD frequencies per month over six months in various cities was made on the basis of unpaired t tests. The mean value for different cities between urban and rural population are as follow for Jaipur urban pt. were 43.17 and rural pt. 12.67. For Ahmadabad mean value for urban pt. 87 whereas rural pt. 21.67. For Nagpur and Pune mean value for urban pt. was 95.67 and 101.67 and for urban pt. 27.50 and 23.33. Lastly for Hyderabad mean value for urban pt. was 117.83 and rural pt. 25.83. Unpaired t test for all the five centres showed p value less than 0.001 concluding the difference among the group are highly significant. Conclusion: The dental health care needs are very high both in rural and urban areas in spite of basic facilities available in urban areas. This study demonstrates that the notion of access is a multi-dimensional concept, whose composition varies with location, according to the facility being considered and the health and socio-economic status of the individual concerned. There is an obvious disparity among the rural and urban patients mobilization for dental care needs. Lack of awareness, transport facilities or poor economic condition may provide resistance for rural patients to avail dental care facilities

The aim of this study was to evaluate the practitioner’s fears with respect to patients with special care needs. 150 dental practitioners (aged 22 to 38 years) at a tertiary care dental teaching hospital were included in the study. A specifically designed 10-item schedule was used to access the fear. The results showed that 10 (6.7%) respondents had no fear or hesitation in offering treatment, 74 (49.3%) had hesitation, 62 (41.3%) had specific fears only and 4 (2.7%) had generalized fear. It can be concluded the fear to attend a dental patient with special care needs was quite prevalent and was affected by the dentist’s practice area, clinical experience and teaching/academic experience.

Macro-vascular and micro-vascular complications of diabetes significantly cause morbidity and mortality among diabetic subjects in India. The study was to assess the prevalence of micro vascular complications of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic subjects and to analyze the relationship of occurrence of micro vascular complications with its risk factors in a tertiary care teaching and multi specialty hospital. The targeted and opportunistic screening analysis shows that the mean age of diabetic subjects’ were 54.27±9.27 years and 72.09% of newly diagnosed cases. The overweight 37.20%, hypertension 30.23%, diabetic neuropathy 25.56%, diabetic retinopathy 11.62%, diabetic nephropathy 18.60% and in the present study, 55.81% of asymptomatic newly diagnosed type 2 Diabetes patients had at least one or more microvascular complications. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by a long asymptomatic period before it is diagnosed. In our study the results shows significant association of these risk factors in Type 2 diabetes and was treated as early as possible to decrease the progression of vascular complications