Internet addiction has gradually become a serious issue in public health worldwide. Especially college students are vulnerable to developing dependence on the Internet, more than most other segments of the society. Hence the present was intended to assess the internet addiction and dietary habits and also to find association between internet addiction and dietary habits among college students. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted amongst 5 colleges of Coorg district. Data was collected on a semi constructed, close ended, structured questionnaire consisting socio-demographic information, questions on Internet addiction (10) and dietary habits (6). Collected Data was coded and fed in SPSS for analysis. A total of 300 students (19.86 ± 0.94 years) were included. When the scores were tabulated, 46.1% mildly addicted, 47.2% moderately addicted and 6.6% severely addicted to internet. 20.3% occasionally found it difficult to stay away from net for several days. 26.7% of participants always lost sleep due to late night log-ins. Among severe internet addicts, 17.6% eat more when they are anxious, worried or tense (p= 0.001). 64.7% often snack more in the evening (p= 0.006) and 58.8% of severe internet addicts took longer time to eat dinner (p = 0.006). In the current study, internet usage had an adverse impact on the college students in terms of difficulty in staying away from net for several days, losing sleep and to certain extent on dietary habits too. Hence it is necessary to increase the public awareness regarding internet addiction and its impact on dietary habits.

The reality of ideas that sustainsthe intellectual approach of Nawal El Saadawi, inspires a feminine psycho-sociological renaissance. The harmonious and different arrangement of her Islamic feminism introduces within the Muslim patriarchal affective and representative perception, the notion of profaning the sacred and the traditional enclosures. Through this first person narrative, A Daughter of Isis embodies an effective realm of knowledge that goes beyond the sphere of metaphor; in fact, it becomes that feminine voice that establishes the real power and positive to define her being a human. The purpose of this paper remains an attempt to display the implied practical mode of communication, which appears different from the apparent reality of the patriarchal mode, and the manner El Saadawi creates a discourse of reconstruction and a scientific observation of the real. In this method, the deconstructionist approach involved in this discourse introduces an intellection based on a balance of power. Therefore, the result of this article is expected to underline the material possibilities to ensure a socio-cultural revalorization.

To remove the inter-proximal plague, flossing has received the most attention among all the dentists. However, difficulty in dental flossing has made this technique to be avoided during tooth brushing. The proper transfer of Information and motivation to use dental floss and brush can change the attitude of the patient from an unhealthy approach to a healthy approach. The main aim of this study is to assess the knowledge and awareness of the adult population in Saudi Arabia about dental flossing. The pre-designed, pre-tested, and self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among the adult patients visiting the various clinics in Saudi Arabia. The data that was collected from the questionnaire were analysed using the computer software Statistical package for social sciences that is SPSS 16. Among these 1011 patients, most of them were in the age group ranging from 19 to 25 years. About 971 (55%) participants used toothbrush and toothpaste to clean their teeth, while 234 (23%) patients used mouthwash, and 177 (17%) used miswak. Only 140 (14%) participants used the dental floss, 566 (56%) didn't use dental floss, and 305 (30%) rarely use dental floss.

Most of the physiological processes in the mammals exhibit the circadian rhythms which are guided by endogenous biological clock. This biological clock consists of a central unit which is located in hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and the secondary clocks are located in the peripheral tissues. Circadian rhythms endure 24-hour oscillations of substantial number of the master genes that control the synchronization of varied metabolic and physiological actions within our bodies. This is a very complex regulative network which contributes to an important association between brain and several peripheral tissues as well as organs. The circadian fluctuations of the gene expression are regulated at the molecular level by a family of transcription factors known as “clock genes”. The imbalance or dysregulation in the expression of these clock genes can result in the varied human pathological conditions, inclusive of cancer and autoimmune diseases. The evidences are escalating regarding the effect of circadian clock in the tooth development, homeostasis of the oral epithelium, salivary gland and saliva production. The present article summarizes the available knowledge regarding the roles of the clock genes in the genesis as well as perpetuation of the oral tissues, and also mention about the potential association between the “oral clocks” and the diseases like head and neck cancer as well as Sjögren’s syndrome.

The head face, temporomandibular joint, and the maxillary and the mandibular muscles consist of the trigeminal system and hence the pain is more prevalent in these structures. The orofacial pain affects the patient’s quality of life dramatically. In order to manage the orofacial pain disorders, the clinician need to be familiar with different types of etiologies and characteristics of facial region. In order to attain safe and best therapeutic results, the trigeminal system plays a significant role. It is a cross-sectional descriptive study aimed at evaluation of prevalence and characteristics of dental orofacial pain. The Diagnostic Criteria of Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) questionnaire was disseminated online, limiting participants to those who resided in Saudi Arabia. A total of 226 participants completed the survey. Axis I related disorders were diagnosed in 195 patients, whereas Axis II related disorders were diagnosed in 36 of patients. This study showed high prevalence rate and an immense range in pain intensity with commensurate and often significant impact on the quality of life. The Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/ TMD), has been widely used globally to estimate prevalences of TMD. Additional research is necessary to establish comprehensive classification schemes for all patients with orofacial pain.

Rheumatoid Arthritis is an autoimmune disorder of unknown etiology. There is no one stop therapy that can cure the disease. The goal of therapy in Rheumatoid arthritis is to induce prolonged remission. Disease Modifying Anti rheumatic Drugs (DMARD) are the drug of choice, can be used either in monotherapy or in combinations of DMARDs. Among all of these DMARD‘s, commonly methotrexate based combined therapy is used to control the disease. Our present study is to evaluate the response of the drug therapy on disease process and compare the efficacy of the two regimens Methotrexate + Lefunamide vs Methotrexate +Sulfasalazine +Hydroxychloroquine using ACR 20 guideline and also to study the adverse event occuring during this study period. It is a prospective observational study carried out in the department of Pharmacology and Rheumatology outpatient department of R.G. Medical College and Hospital, kolkata. Treating physicians prescribed the drugs according to the condition of the patients without any randomization. Patients were divided into two groups, Group A 60 patients who had been prescribed Methotrexate +Leflunomide, 60 patient of another group (Group B) were prescribed Methotrexate+ Sulphasalazine +Hydroxychloroquine. A questionnaire containing 20 questions (HAQ DI) were given to each patient for assessment of Physical Function at baseline and after 6 months to evaluate the response to drug therapy. After completion of therapy data were analysed by proper statistical method and it was found that our study had shown that efficacy of MTX+SSZ+HCQ (group-B) was statistically better improvement than MTX+LEF (group-A) using ACR20 guideline (p=0.031).

Objective: Dorsalis pedis artery represents the continuation of anterior tibial artery distal to level of ankle joint. The dorsalis pedis angiosome encompasses the entire dorsal aspect of foot through its branches eg. Medial tarsal, Lateral tarsal, Arcuate and 1st dorsal metatarsal arteries. Dorsalis pedis artery variation have been reported in past. Evaluation of dorsalis pedis artery pulsation is useful clinical test for assessing peripheral arterial diseases. Dorsalis pedis artery is the main source of blood supply to foot. Knowledge about origins, course, distribution and branching pattern is important for angiographers, vascular surgeons and reconstructive surgeons who operate upon these region. Method: Study of dorsalis pedis artery was done in forty dissected lower limbs of unknown sex and age from department of anatomy, PDUMC, RAJKOT. Result: In our study normal course and branching pattern of dorsalis pedis artery was found in 87.5% cases. Variation in branching pattern of dorsalis pedis artery was found in 12.5% cases. Conclusion: Variable branching pattern of dorsalis pedis artery is common. Therefore, a thorough knowledge of anatomy of dorsalis pedis artery is of prime importance to Radiologists, Surgeons and Anatomist.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the implementation Good Corporate Governance (GCG) and financial performance on the quality of sustainability reporting disclosure. The dependent variable used in this study is the quality of sustainability reporting disclosure which is proxied by the G4 Sustainability Reporting Index (SRI), while the independent variable is good corporate governance (the proportion of independent commissioners and audit committee meetings) and the financial ratio dimensions (net profit margin, debt to equity ratio and price earnings ratio). The population in this study are companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2017. The sample in this study was selected using the purposive sampling method and as many as 92 observational samples were obtained. The analysis technique used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that only the debt to equity ratio variable has a significant effect on the quality of sustainability reporting disclosure while the variable proportion of independent commissioners, audit committee meetings, net profit margins and price earning ratios have an effect but not significantly on sustainability reporting disclosure

Introduction: Mandibular third molar is commonly encountered impacted teeth. The present study aimed to assess relation of mandibular canal wit IANC. Materials & Methods: The present study was conducted on 82 patients with impacted mandibular third molar of both genders requiring surgical extraction. Patients underwent OPG and CBCT. Images thus obtained were analyzed by oral and maxillofacial radiologist followed by classification of Michele. Results: Out of 82 patients, males were 48 and females were 34. Darkening of roots (DR) was seen in 14 males and 10 females, diversion of canal (DC) in 10 males and 6 females, narrowing of canal (NC) in 8 males and 5 females, presence of cortication in 10 males and 7 females and interruption of white line (IWL) in 6 males and 6 females. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). Maximum number of subtype 3A relation was seen followed by subtype 1B, subtype 3A, subtype 3B, subtype 1A, subtype 4B etc. Conclusion: Authors found that impacted mandibular third molar surgery may lead to damage to inferior alveolar canal. Therefore a radiographic imaging with OPG and CBCT may be useful in preventing damage to the nerve.

Background: The most frequent complication which follows the removal of impacted mandibular third molars is ‘dry socket’ or Alveolar Osteitis (AO). The present study aimed to evaluate the incidence, risk factors (age, sex, infection) contributing to the development of dry socket and clinical feature following surgical removal of impacted mandibular third. Material & Methods: The present study was conducted in 86 adult patients requiring surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molar. The surgery was performed in a standardized technique. Patients were recalled regularly and symptoms and signs of dry socket was noted if developed. Patients were reviewed at 3rd and 7th day of surgery. Results: Out of 86 patients, 46 were males and 40 were females. Out of 46 males, 5 and out of 40 females, 4 developed dry socket. Age group 18-30 had 2 dry socket, 30-50 had 2 and >50 years had 5 cases of dry socket. The difference among both genders was significant in age >50 years (P< 0.05). The incidence of DS was in 7 patients suffering from systemic diseases and 2 medically fit patients developed dry socket. Postoperative symptoms such as pain, empty socket, bare bone and halitosis on 3rd and 7th day. There was significant reduction in symptoms on 7th day. Conclusion: Dry socket is multifactorial in nature. Authors found that higher number of dry socket was in age group >50 years, in males and in patients with systemic diseases. Need of the Study: Assessment of risk factors may be useful in preventing complications arising from mandibular third molar extraction.

The present study assessed the alteration of the liver biochemical enzymes following dermal exposure to petroleum motor spirit (pms) on 25 albino whister rats. 10 served as control while the treated had 15 albino whister rats and clustered into 3 based on the treatment scheme (1ml, 2ml, and 3ml). The serum biochemical assays, body weight, and histopathology of the liver where evaluated. The study revealed the mean of 101.20±2.781 and 111.40±2.591 for weight before and after treatement respectively with a statistically significant (t= -20.821, df= 9, p=<0.05) for control subjects. While the mean of the treated group (PMS) was 116.67±12.199 and 110.33±11.872 for weight before and after treatment correspondingly. The study demonstrated a statistically significant mean difference between the two different weights for pre and post treatment exposure. In analyzing the biochemical assays, the result of treatment with 1ml PMS showed a moderate increase in ALP (11.60±.548) when compared to the control (11.40±0.516), while AST and ALT significantly decreased (192.00±19.170 and 110.80±9.311) when compared to the control (245.40±4.648 and 143.60±13.426) at P<0.05. When treated with 2ml PMS the ALP, AST, ALT (12.60±.548, 298.20±29.029 and 172.80±20.266) all increased when compared to the control (11.40±0.516, 245.40±4.648 and 143.60±13.426) at p<0.05. The mean comparison of the treatment of albino whister rats using 3ml PMS showed a significant increase in ALP and AST (14.00±2.739 and 275.40±30.672) when compared to the control (11.40±0.516 and 245.40±4.648) at p<0.05. But, comparing the obtained result of ALT, result showed a decrease in the level of ALT (118.00±27.386) when compared to control (143.60±13.426). The histopathological examination results as described in the histopathology report shows significant suggestion of deformation in the cell structure of hepatocytes subsequent to treatment with varying doses of PMS. Dermal exposure of these xenobiotics is almost certainl

Ameloblastomas are bening intraosseous lesions affecting maxillary jaws. They originate from the epithelium involved with the formation of teeth such as enamel, odontogenic rests of Malassez, reduced enamel epithelium and odontogenic cyst lining. Thus, the hypothesis of transformation of a dentigerous cyst into an ameloblastoma was suggested in the literature. These lesions are locally invasive and can grow to infiltrate soft tissues. The risk of recurrence after surgical treatment is important and a long term survey is indicated. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the diagnostic dilemma in front of a well-defined radiolucent lesion of the mandibule associated to an impacted wisdom tooth and the diffuclties on therapeutic decision. A healthy 34-year-old man referred to our dentistry department complaining about the recurrence of inflammatory episodes associated with tooth number 48. The radiological examination showed a large well limited radiolucent lesion related to tooth number 48, situated in the ramus region. The patient underwent tooth extraction and cystic enucleation. The anatomopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a follicular ameloblastoma. Nevertheless, the cystic wall showed both a detigerous cystic portion in one part and a follicular ameloblastoma segment in another part, confirming the hypothesis of ameloblastoma transformation of a detnigerous cyst.

HCC is the one of the most common of cancers and now according to world statistics it accounts for fifth most common types of cancer in the world. The mortality is very high and it second leading cancer in terms of cancer-related mortality in the world. The frequency has been on a study rise in the last one or two decades. It is one of the serious malignancies and has one of the worst prognoses in terms of morbidity and mortality. The numbers are expected to increase in the next decade or two as more and more urbanisation and industrialisation are happening thus indirectly leading to life style modifications. Liver is the mainly concerned with the metabolism and it is easily targeted as it is the first line of defence or contact as far as the ingestion is concerned. Toxic environment is one of the most important causes. With increase in the incidence and prevalence of the toxic substances being ingested and also the unhealthy life style followings is being practised, more number of cases is expected to encounter. If global scenario is considered then higher incidence is reported in the developed and industrialised nations. This study puts in an effort to profile the Hepato-Cellular Carcinoma cases.

Aims: Abruptio placenta which is a major cause of maternal morbidity and perinatal mortality globally is of serious concern in the developing world. We retrospectively analysed the abruptio placenta cases and evaluated its impact on maternal and fetal outcomes. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study conducted in department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at GGH, KADAPA from April 2018 to June 2019. Patients of abruptio placenta with more than 28 weeks of gestation, presenting with antepartum haemorrhage and their maternal and fetal outcome is evaluated. Results: In our study period we encountered 30 abruptio placenta cases. In 30 patients 11(36%) patients were presented with preeclampsia, 18(60%) patients were multiparous, and almost all the patients were having anaemia. These were considered as risk factors for abruptio placenta. All the cases were referred from nearby PHC to our tertiary care hospital, GGH, KADAPA. In our study 3(10%) patients developed complications, in that 2(6.6%) patients developed Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) and 1(3.33%) patient had acute kidney injury and no maternal deaths encountered in our study. Regarding fetal outcome 22(73.33%) patients presented with IUFD by the time of presentation to the hospital and 1(3.33%) stillbirth, 2(6.6%) babies admitted in SNCU and 5(16.66%) were having good Apgar. Conclusion: We observed that higher incidence of anaemia, multiparity and preeclampsia as risk factors in our study population. We need to motivate public regarding the importance of antenatal care, improvement in nutritional status and create awareness about family planning practices. We noticed that early identification and intervention can prevent maternal and perinatal mortality.

Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous mucocutaneous infecion caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi. The infection is non-contagious and as the name suggests, it is primarily a disease of the nose. Here, we report a rare case of rhinosporidiosis affecting the nasopharynx in a 35 year old male patient.