In the past few decades, cities and/or urban settlements have been experiencing growing population and environmental degradation. Environmental trends, such as biodiversity loss and global warming are increasing rapidly, as a result of the ecological footprints of cities. Gulf cities, for example, have been rapidly developed since the discovery of oil and under the influence of globalization as they transition from traditional settlements into modern metropolitan cities. With this fast modernization, green and agricultural spaces have been reduced and/or replaced by built-up areas and buildings, alien to the multilayered historical built form, changing the built environment of cities and causing environmental, social, and economic problems. Consequently, the planning of parks and open spaces have been neglected within the formulation of modern master planning of cities, resulting in the formation of areas mostly scattered in empty lots. Parks and open spaces, often disconnected from the existing built form of cities, do not fit into the neighborhood’s scale. Simply planned to fulfill the human need for recreation, these scattered open spaces lack connectivity between them and have weak accessibility/connectivity to their neighborhoods. Namely, this research study (1) investigates the accessibility and connectivity of Bahrain Fort and King Faisal Corniche in Bahrain with the surrounding neighborhoods, (2) reveals the factors affecting the connectivity of the two significant sites and accordingly (3) proposes the strategies to enhance it.

Cities all over the world are currently facing many challenges and obstacles related to economy, society, and environment. These were the results of rapid economic developments, urban and population growth, and the accompanying increased needs and changing lifestyles. Several decades ago, Manama, the capital of the Kingdom of Bahrain, experienced significant changes in its urban form due to economic, cultural, and environmental factors. These changes appeared specifically after the discovery of oil in 1932, and the transformation of the economy from fishing and pearl trading to one based on oil. Currently, the Kingdom of Bahrain is investing in its capacity and solutions to these challenges, including creating major attractive developments to meet human needs and nourish the economy. Traditional urban neighborhoods across Bahrain, such as Kanoo, a traditional neighborhood located in Old Manama, were severely affected by modern developments. This research study investigates the urban design study of the Kanoo neighborhood, its features, the urban and historical significance in Manama and its surroundings. The study further investigates the role of rehabilitation projects in regenerating the old core of Manama, while rebuilding the vanishing identity of the city. The findings highlight the critical factors effecting the Kanoo neighborhood and contribute to develop strategies for a sustainable urban regeneration approach, enabling to protect the urban fabric of the neighborhood and its remaining historical areas, to revive the old city and preserve the neighborhood’s identity.

The issue of atypical situations is a management challenge in the globalized economic activity today. There are no economies in the world that are facing atypical situations, and their approach in the context of information system is a way of studying their behavior and possibility of settlement with the expected effects. The author as result from more research suggested that factors creating atypical situations macroeconomic have an established behavior with a positive impact of atypical situations arise where strategic development and also identified how efficient management by basing new management concept of atypical situations. In this context the author develops research and assesses the information system as a factor in solving atypical situations.

The overhead throwing motion is complex, and restrictions in range of motion (ROM) at the hip may place additional demands on the shoulder that lead to injury. However, the relationship between hip and shoulder ROM in fast bowlers with and without a history of shoulder injury is unknown. Aim: To find out the association between non dominant hip and dominant shoulder internal rotation range of motion with and without shoulder injury in cricket fast bowlers. Study design: A cross-sectional study. Method: 35symptomatic and 35 asymptomatic fast bowlers were included. Symptomatic and asymptomatic fast bowlers were screened for the measurement of non-dominant hip and dominant shoulder rotation range of motion. And SPADI used to screen for the shoulder injury in symptomatic fast bowlers. Results: There is significant association between shoulder injury and non-dominant hip IR ROM and no significant association between non-dominant hip and dominant shoulder IR ROM. Conclusion: Fast bowlers with shoulder injury had decreased non dominant hip IR ROM and the co-relation was significant. The decreased IR ROM was compensated by other kinematic chain and ER ROM. Hence, fast bowlers with shoulder pathology must always be screened for hip joint ROM as well.

Swimming is an unique sport. It is the combination of upper limb and lower extremity strength exercise and also cardiovascular training in non-weight bearing environment. In competitive swimmers, there are four strokes freestyle, butterfly, backstroke, and breaststroke. Competitive swimmers trains 10,000 to 20,000 meter per day. At an average of 8 to 10 arm cycles per 25 meter. Swimmers push their body to the limits of the functions so normal variations in anatomy or biomechanics and poor technique may lead to overuse injuries and micro trauma. The most common swimming injuries are shoulder, neck and back. The prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries in competitive swimmers is, shoulder 37%, knee 28%, spine 22% and foot and ankle is 19%. Limited number of studies are available to find out the prevalence of TMJ disorders in competitive swimmers. This study puts in an effort to find the same.

Gestational age determination by ultrasonography is very much essential as it gives accurate estimation. The objective of prsent work is to study the role of ultrasonography for estimation of gestational age and to assess of gestational age by ultrasonographic measurement of femur length. The study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy and in the Department of Radiodiagnosis at R.C.S.M.Government Medical College, Kolhapur, Maharashtra. This prospective cross sectional study consists of 150 normal antenatal women. The fetuses of singleton pregnancy with the physical evidence of normal growth without gross structural abnormalities with the gestational age ranging from18-40 weeks were included. The fetal femur length was measured by ulrasonography. The mean values of femur length in cm. along with respective standered deviation (sd) were computed for each gestaional age from 18-40 weeks.The correlation and regression analysis has been carried out to quantify the relationship between gestational age in weeks and femur length in cm. The femur length goes on increasing from 18 weeks to 40 weeks. The diphyseal length of femur is directly related to the gestational age. The simple linear regression equation derived for the calculation of gestational age using diphyseal length of femur. The relationship between the diphyseal length of femur and the gestaional age is linear and direct.Measurements of diphyseal lengths of femur can be an important parameter for estimating gestational age from 18-40 weeks of gestation.

Apart from such Othordox churches like Catholic, Anglican, Methodist, Apostolic and a few others, the presence of other religious bodies, especially of the Christian faith, is now ubiquitous and overwhelming within the Enugu metropolis and its environs. This ubiquity and, in some cases clustered, no doubt come with its attendant noise pollution in the environment to the detriment of the general public. This work examined the rising and emergent religious bodies in the Enugu urban centre and its adjacent environs, the impact of the cacophony of noise emanating from them which is harmful to the public in terms of decency and aesthetics as they are arbitrarily sited or located especially in purely residential zones. It made recommendations to the appropriate authorities on how to curb this menace and restore the lost glory and status of Enugu Metropolis as a clean city both in terms of neatness, serenity, structural and demographic aesthetics and decency.

Acute uterine inversion is a rare and life-threatening entity. Incidence varies widely from 1:2,000 to 1:23,000 deliveries. It is folding of the fundus into the uterine cavity so that the uterus is turned inside out. Most cases of uterine inversion occur due to mismanagement of third stage of labor. Classical presentation is postpartum hemorrhage and associated profound shock. Correct and early diagnosis coupled with employment of early resuscitation measures together with attempt to replace the uterus either manually or by hydrostatic method is the key to success to their management. We share our experience of such series of cases who presented at our tertiary care center between August 2013 to October 2018.

Most of the water supply systems are managed by water supply users committee. The water supply system of Dhankuta 7, 8, 9 was running 23 years. The overall objective of the study was to assess the financial Performance of Dhankuta 7, 8, 9 Water Supply System. Published report, journals, research paper, article, progress report were reviewed for secondary data as well as key informant interview was done for primary data. The financial performance was analyzed through Water Accounting System, Non-Revenue Water, Average Tariff, Personnel Cost, Unit Production Cost, Operating Ratio, Accounts receivable equivalent, Revenue collection efficiency, Cash balance of five fiscal year and Payback period. The financial performance result shows that there is dissimilarity in tariff on water accounting system, NRW is 62.31%, average tariff is NRs 8.46/m3, personnel cost is 65.88%, unit production cost is NRs 6.41 per 1000 litre, operating ratio is 5.8, accounts receivable equivalent is 1.02 months, revenue collection efficiency is 73.24%, five continuous year is generating positive cash flow and the payback period for construction of reservoirs including O & M cost were 3 year half month, 2 year 7 month and 3 year 4 month for 15% NRW, 0% NRW and for National Average 21.6% NRW respectively.

Sellar and parasellar masses are common intracranial neoplasm. Patients undergoing surgical resection of these tumors are frequently given perioperative glucocorticoid therapy. There are few studies assessing the need and the safety for such empirical approach. Based on the evidence available, this article summarize the recommendations for the perioperative steroid replacement therapy in pituitary adenomas surgery.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and Azotobacteron growth, oxidative effect and antioxidant defense mechanisms under cadmium (Cd) stresses in Coriandrum sativum L. (Coriander). Treatments consisted of mycorrhizal and Azotobacter treatments and threeconcentrations of cadmium treatments (0,50and 100 mg Cd kg-1 of soil). Metal induced oxidative damage through increased lipid peroxidation. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX) increased under stress and it was found that there was a direct correlation between root length, shoot length, plant fresh weight and plant dry weight and the activity of these enzymes in concentration dependent manner. The activity of antioxidants and growth increased in mycorrhizal and Azotobacter stressed plants. However, the combination of mycorrhiza (AMF) and Azotobacteracted synergistically and significantly arrested lipid peroxidation and led to increased growth as well as activity of activity of antioxidants. The interactions of cadmium and biofertilizers proved to be synergistic and the antioxidant activities further increased indicated the positive role of biofertilizers in increasing the antioxidant activity thereby decreasing oxidative stress and stimulating growth. Therefore, biofertilizers are advisable to enhance the tolerance to cadmium stress in medicinally important coriander.

Introduction: Schizophrenia is a chronic and debilitating psychiatric condition that constitutes a real public health problem. Antipsychotics have changed the management of schizophrenia, but the cases of resistance are more and more important. Methodology: Retrospective descriptive study carried out at the Razi hospital concerning the files of patients with resistant schizophrenia hospitalized during the period spanning 3 years, from 2013 to 2015. Inclusion criteria: Cases of schizophrenia and resistant schizoaffective disorder are defined according to DSM 5 criteria and Kane's resistance criteria. Exclusion criteria: Insufficient clinical information on the file Patients with neurological disease or intellectual disability. Statistical tool: SPSS 20. Results: The average age is 33 years old. An age range between 19 and 53 years old. All our patients are male. In our sample of 33 patients, 64.3% have problematic drug use (tobacco, cannabis ...). 92.9% of our patients are schizophrenic and 7.1% have schizoaffective disorder. The age of onset of the disease is around 21 years old. Half of our patients had haloperidol as initial therapy. The diagnosis time of the disease resistance is on average 2 years. 78.6% of our patients were treated with clozapine alone, 13.3% with clozapine + antipsychotic and 7.1% with clozapine + thymoregulator. In 41% of the cases there was an improvement under these treatments and no response in 59% of the patients.

The study was aimed at evaluating effectiveness of coping strategies intervention on caregivers’ burden among caregivers of dependent elderly in selected hospital, Kozhikode. The objectives of the study was to assess the caregivers’ burden among the caregivers of dependent elderly before administering the coping strategies intervention, to evaluate the effectiveness of coping strategies intervention on caregivers’ burden among caregivers of dependent elderly, to find out the association between caregivers’ burden and selected demographic variable. The research approach used for the study is quantitative approach, the research design used for the study is one group pre-test post-test design, and sampling technique used for the study is convenience sampling technique. 30 caregivers of dependent elderly were taken as the subjects. The study was conducted in selected general wards in MIMS hospital, Kozhikode. Demographic data and caregivers’ burden scale were the tools used for conducting the research. Data analysis was done by descriptive and inferential statistics. The present study showed that 60% of subjects had mild to moderate burden and about 40% had little or no burden before administering coping strategies intervention. In posttest all the subjects had only little or no burden. The mean caregivers’ burden in the intervention group decreased. Calculated paired t value (13.03) was greater than the table value (2.05) at df 29. Finally study showed that coping strategies interventions are effective in reducing the care givers’ burden. And also there is a significant association between religion and caregivers’ burden.

This study was designed to find out effect of random construction on morphological and chemical composition characteristics of Juniperus and Pistacia. Both species of the plant were collected from two different areas in AL-Gabal AL-Akhder. First area was exposed to pollution from random construction that causing dust-contaminated cement to the plants, while the second area was not contaminated. The plants which are affected by building materials and grazing have smaller wrinkled yellow to grey leaves, while the fruits look smaller in size compared to same species from clean area. Our results shown that the both species of plants (Juniperus phoenicea and Pistacia lentiscus) were get difference in amount of mineral and the phenolic contents. The levels K and Cu were significantly decreased in J. phoenicea 1 (from polluted area) compared to J. phoenicea 2 (from clean area), while the level of Ca significantly increased. Rest levels of minerals were found similar in J. phoenicea 1 and J. phoenicea 2. In another species level of Na, Fe and Ni were decreased significantly in polluted species (P. lentiscus 1) compared to clean species (P.lentiscus 2), while the levels of K and Ca was significantly increased in P. lentiscus 1 which collected from polluted area. Levels of alkaloids, coumarins, essential oil, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, saponins, sterols (triterpens) and tannins were found have similar pattern when compared J. phoenicea 1 with P. lentiscus 1 and J. phoenicea 2 with P. lentiscus 2. These results from Juniperus and Pistacia species might reflected the deteriorate effects of construction dust air pollutants, both species recommend their using as bio indicators as well as folk medicine.

Roy’ adaptation model helps to adapt healthy behaviors in diseases which are impossible to cure. According to this model, care should be aimed in enhancing adaptive capabilities and increasing the coping response of individuals to deal with stressor. Roy’s adaptation model is widely used due to its simplicity and accessibility for improving quality of life. Roy ‘adaptation model is important to promote individuals’ adaptation in changing health care demands, thus improving adjustment, quality of life and dying with dignity Roy’ adaptation model based care plan is a non-invasive non medicated and cost efficient way to limit physical and psychological issues of patients with chronic diseases. Purpose of this paper is to evaluate different articles which used Roy adaptation model for care of chronic illnesses. Nine different studies are included in this paper to evaluate the efficacy of Roy adaptation model.