The diagnosis of cancer in Nigeria is perceived as a hopeless situation and is not unusual to expect total mortality of all sufferers. Choriocarcinoma is particularly important because it is nearly completely curable. The aim of this study was to review the socio-demographic characteristics, cost implications and management of choriocarcinoma in a tertiary institution in North-west Nigeria. This was a 5-year retrospective study. Records of the patients diagnosed with choriocarcinoma from 1st January, 2008 to 31st December, 2012 were retrieved and relevant data extracted and analyzed using the SPSS for windows version 20.0. There were 24 cases of choriocarcinoma giving an incidence of 1.5 per 1000 deliveries. The mean age of the patients was 33.21 ± 2.14 years. Recurrent vaginal bleeding (95.2%) was the most common form of presentation. The common predisposing factors were complete mole (47.6%) and abortion (28.6%) while the metastatic sites were the vagina/pelvic structures (42.9%) and lungs (33.3%). Many, (33.3%) signed against medical advice (SAMA) while 61.9% had methotrexate or MAC as first-line treatment. The common complications were disease progression despite treatment (33.3%) and myelosuppression (33.3%). The average cost of treatment was ₦200,000 ($600). The 5-year survival rate was 9.5%. The incidence of choriocarcinoma in this review was low. The cost of treatment was out of reach of most patients hence the need for health insurance coverage of all Nigerians. The use of methotrexate and MAC regimen as first-line chemotherapy appeared to be ineffective as the disease progressed despite treatment. The five-year survival was dismal

Teachers are charged with the responsibility of maintaining discipline in schools but at the same time be cognisant of disciplinary actions that would make school environment unfriendly. Unfriendly school environments impact negatively on students‟ learning. This study investigated actions teachers take against students who get caught up in disciplinary cases involving homosexual activities in school. Bandura‟s social learning theory informed this study and ex-post facto research design was used. Accessible population was approximately 35,000 form four students in public secondary schools within Nakuru County. Participating students were selected through purposive and stratified random sampling and 400 form four students participated in the study. A students‟ questionnaire was used to collect data and the instrument‟s reliability was estimated using Cronbach‟s alpha, a reliability coefficient of 0.763 was obtained. The questionnaire was validated by two experts from school of Education, Laikipia University, Kenya. Data was analysed qualitatively using percentages, frequency counts and graphs with assistance of Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 at α=.05. Majority of the students (76.5%) observed that sexual orientation is an issue of concern in their schools and teachers used various strategies to maintain discipline in school as far as inappropriate sex and sexuality behaviours were concerned. The study recommended in-service training of teachers with regard to sex and sexuality education issues encountered in schools as well as strengthening guidance and counselling strategies.

This study examined the impact of financial sector reforms on agricultural output in Nigeria. The specific Objectives were to; compare the output of the different agricultural subsectors in the different reform era, compare the contribution of loans to output of the different agricultural subsectors and toanalyze the impact of reforms on farmer’s output. Data for the study were obtained from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical bulletin, annual report, federal budget allocation report, annual reports. Data obtained were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that agricultural output of the crop sector was consistently higher than that of other agricultural subsectors in virtually all the reform periods; the contribution of loan to output in the livestock and fisheries subsectors were consistently below 12% and 3% respectively all through the financial reform periods; the volume of loan disbursed by bank to agricultural sector and the reforms had a significant impact on farmers’ output.

Callicarpa arborea is a shrub or tree (Family: Verbenaceae) that has been well studied for its antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects. Nevertheless, scientific information on Callicarpa arborea regarding the neuropharmacological effect is limited. The present study was performed to investigate the phytochemical nature and neuropharmacological activities of methanol extract of the Callicarpa arborea (MECA). Phytochemical analysis of Callicarpa arborea extract indicated the presence of flavonoids, tannins, steroid, terpenoid, alkaloids and saponins. The neuropharmacological activity was determined by hole cross and open field test using Swiss albino mice as experimental animal at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight. The extract showed significant neuropharmacological activity compared to standard drug. Diazepam at the dose of 1 mg/kg body weight was used as a reference drug in all the experiments. We found that MECA produced a significant dose-dependent inhibition of locomotor activity of mice in both hole cross and open field tests (P<0.05). Our exploration suggests that Callicarpa arborea contains sedative bioactive principle(s).

The Indrabasti Marma is a Mamsa Marma and Kalanthara Pranahara Marma. Its location, size and Viddha Lakshana is mentioned in gross. But the detailed explanation of the anatomical structures is not mentioned. This study is undertaken to ascertain and locate the anatomical entity of Indrabasti Marma. The location of the Marma was determined according to the basis of classical description and anatomical structures were identified by dissection of upper and lower limbs in 3 cadavers available in the Department of Rachana Sharir,Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Ayurveda and Hospital. In the upper limb, the Radial artery along with associated neurovascular structures and the overlying Superficial Flexor group of muscles of forearm and in the lower limb, the Posterior Tibial artery, Peroneal artery, Tibial Nerve along with superficial group of calf muscles especially Soleus Muscle with its venous Sinuses are structures located at the point of Indrabasti Marma.

Targeting the discourse of domination that rests on the binary opposites of power relations, ecofeminism addresses the destructive patriarchal practices. This movement brings into light the striking analogy that exists between such practices against women and against nature. The discourse is often translated in terms of manipulation, abuse, mistreatment, and subjugation with all the suppression and oppression that these practices entail. Hawthorne’s “Rappaccini’s Daughter” pleads an ecofeminist approach in terms of three aspects. First, it represents the two parties addressed in ecofeminist movements: on one hand there is the patriarchal oppressor embodied in Rappaccini and the two other male figures in the story, and, on the other hand, there is the oppressed, namely Beatrice and the garden. Secondly, it strikes a characteristic affinity between the maltreated female and the abused garden. Thirdly, it delineates the power relations represented as dichotomous binary opposites that each of the afore mentioned parties respectively represents.

Objectives: To highlight spectrum of findings on Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) in patients with acute cholecystitis. To determine length of hospital stay in operated cases. Method: This retrospective observational study was conducted in Radiology department at our hospital in Dhahran, from August 2016-2018. All patients who presented with acute cholecystitis, obstructive liver pattern or deranged liver tests, and underwent MRCP (on a 1.5 Tesla scanner) were evaluated. Patients with chronic cholecystitis, previous hepatobiliary surgery, pregnant patients and those contraindicated to MRI were excluded. Patterns of MRCP findings were categorized as: (i) acute cholecystitis with normal CBD, (ii) acute cholecystitis with dilated CBD and cause identifiable, (iii) acute cholecystitis with dilated CBD and cause not identifiable. Any associated biliary ductal variants or anomalies (e.g., pancreas divisum, choledochal cyst, low insertion of CBD) were also documented. Operated cases were followed to determine length of hospital stay after open or laparoscopic procedures. Chi-square and t-test were used to determine association. Results: Of the 104 patients, majority (60%) were females. The mean age was 43 years. Two-thirds of patients were having normal CBDs (68.3%), while nearly one-third (31.7%) had dilated CBDs, and half of these (16.4%) showed an identifiable cause of obstruction. Thirteen patients (12.5%) had associated anomalies. The length of hospital stay was seen significantly less in laparoscopic than with open cholecystectomies (p=.0005). Conclusion: Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography is helpful to identify causes and anomalies in patients with acute cholecystitis patients having deranged or obstructive liver function.

This research attend to examine the role of Corporate Governance (CG) to preparation integrated reporting. Corporate Governance as one of the main factors to determine the success of implementing integrated reporting which one of its proxies like audit committee is believed to influence the scope of integrated reporting. This study is intended to follow up the suggestions from previous researchers (Beedard & Gendron, 2010; Li, Mangena, & Pike, 2012; Lisic, 2015; A. Setiawan, 2016; Chariri and Juniarti, 2017) who recommended the use of complete CG proxies look like; institutional ownership, independent commissioners and audit committees to obtain empirical evidence that effect the greatest contribution to the readiness of integrated reporting in Indonesia’s State-Owned Enterprises/SOEs. Data collection techniques were carried out by purposive sampling method with certain criteria by using multiple regression analysis SPSS Version 22. This result shows that only 11.7% of Element Integrated Reporting on SOEs in IDX (Indonesia Stock Exchange) within 2012-2017 can be explained by independent variables (Corporate Governance). While the remaining 88.3% is explained by other reasons outside the model.

This study examined the impact of derivative instruments on risk management in the Nigerian banking sector, between 2014 and 2018. Ordinary least squares (OLS) model was employed to analyze data and draw inference; data used were elicited from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin of 2018 and Nigerian Stock Exchange Statistical Bulletin of 2018. The study employed foreign exchange derivative as proxy for derivative instruments (independent variable), while exchange rate was employed as a measure of risk management in the Nigerian banking sector (dependent variable). The inferential result suggested that financial derivative impacted positively and significantly on risk management in the Nigerian banking sector.

Background and objectives: Blended learning (BL) is positive development in education. This method provoke the learner’s critical thinking and given different ways for implementation of their knowledge in real life. There are several advantages of blended learning to the faculty, students and institutions as well. Methods: The Cross-sectional study design was used to collect data from nursing students. The study was carried out at Lahore School of Nursing, The University of Lahore, Pakistan. All nursing undergraduates students enrolled at elective practicum blended learning course at Lahore School of Nursing, The University of Lahore, Pakistan academic year 2016-2017 were included in the study. The tool was adopted from Roca et al., 2006 and Song 2010 study. Results: About 65% of students showed positive response towards the information quality of course, student’s usability of elective course, satisfaction with course and perceived usefulness of elective practicum blended learning course. Conclusions and Recommendation: Students had well believes about elective practicum blended learning course. Moreover, enrolled students agree with the statements of usability of blended course and overall showed satisfaction with elective practicum blended learning course. Blended learning significantly improve the learning of the students and provides the space for better skills in the clinical setting simultaneously. Institutions, policy makers and regulatory bodies should incorporate this strategy in the nursing curriculum in Pakistan.

Backgroud: Osteomyelitis is an inflammatory process of bone and bone marrow contents. Bone changes are primarily seen in the soft tissue followed by the calcified tissue. It is usually caused by pyogenic bacteria or mycobacterium. Objective: To determine the epidemiologic profile of patients with osteomyelitis admitted at a tertiary centre from 2006 to2016. Methodology: The present study was done retrospectively in which the data was collected from the year 2006- 2016 from a tertiary centre and analyzed epidemiologically. Result: The female patients outnumbered the male patients and most of the patients were in their 3rd and 4th decade. Also, the maxilla was more commonly affected thand mandible. Conclusion: The study helps in assessment of the local data of a tertiary centre which is important in optimizing the local therapeutic protocols.

Laser is an acronym for light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Several decades ago, the laser was considered like a death ray, the ultimate weapon of destruction, something you would only find in a science fiction story. Then, lasers were developed and actually used, among other places, in light shows. The beam sparkled; it showed pure, vibrant and intense colors. Today the laser is used in the scanners at the grocery store, in compact disc players, as a pointer for lectures and above all in the medical and dental field. The perception of lasers has moved from the comical death ray to the more useful ray for development of health sciences

Backgroud: Aspirin is the generic name of Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). It is an analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory. It also has an antiplatelet action and therefore this drug is used in the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic diseases. In order to avoid the excessive bleeding and to be on the safer side, dentists have traditionally advised their patients to stop taking aspirin before extraction of teeth although this surgical procedure can be done without cessation of aspirin intake and if the clinician wishes to stop the aspirin therapy, it should not exceed more than 3 days prior to the dental procedure. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to assess the time required for hemostasis if the low dose (150 mg once daily) aspirin therapy discontinued 3 days prior to dental extraction. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted which comprised of 40 subjects who took low dose of aspirin (150 mg) once daily. The blood pressure of all the subjects was recorded preoperatively. The extractions were done atraumatically under local anesthesia using 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine. The postoperative bleeding was controlled by the pressure pack. Result: Among 40 patients, the postoperative hemostatic time of 82.5% subjects was less than or equal to 10 minutes while that of 17.5 % was more than 10 minutes. The bleeding was successfully managed by the pressure pack. Conclusion: Reviewing most of the dental and medical literatures, it can be concluded that there is absolutely no need to discontinue aspirin therapy for any ambulatory dental procedure, and even if the practitioner wishes to discontinue, it should not be for more than 3 days. This is also stated in the guidelines of the American Heart Association. Therefore, it can be assumed that the dental extraction can be done without long cessation of low dose aspirin and avoiding the life threatening issues.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most frequently encountered malignancy by head and neck surgeons. There are certain variants of SCC that are classified as individual tumours by the World Health Organization (WHO).The histopathologic picture of these malignant tumours guides the surgeon in evaluating the prognosis. These variants require special attention owing to fact that there’s gross difference in their presentation and management. Ackerman’s tumour is the most commonly encountered variant. A case of Ackerman’s tumour involving the hard palate and lower labial mucosa is discussed

Background: With the advancement in medical facilities and sudden drop in mortality rate, the elderly are the most rapidly growing population group in the world. On contrary in industrialized societies, blood pressure increases with age, and blood pressure at one age is directly related to blood pressure at an earlier age. Blood pressure is also related to weight, weight change, and maturation. This study is to correlate the association of growth and maturation with blood pressure and the evidence for blood pressure "tracking" with age. Additional longitudinal studies are required to determine if blood pressures before puberty are related to blood pressures of sexually mature young adults. Materials and method: Prospective randomized sampling was done to include all the patients who came for the dental treatment and their systolic and diastolic blood pressure were recorded. Patients were then divided in 5 groups: group A (21 -30), group B (31 -40), group C (41- 50), group C (51 -60) and group D (61 -70) years of age. Patients who had gestational hypertension, patients already diagnosed with hypertension and on medication for same were excluded. All the five groups consisted of 20 patients each. Results: A total of 100 patients were evaluated pressure within 5 five groups for systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Over all mean blood pressure of 100 patients were 128/86 mmhg whereas among Group A, B, C, D, E and F mean blood pressure was 118/78, 122/84, 133/88, 130/84 and 138/94 mmhg. Results shows low mean blood pressure among Group A (age group of 21-30) patients that is 118/78mmhg and highest among group F (age group of 61- 70) that is 138/94 mmhg. Conclusion: With the advancement of age blood pressure also raises up which can be alarming for other progressive systemic diseases. One should have regular check-up, changes in diet and behaviour life style as age advances.