Hedging is one of the alternatives used to minimize risk in the company, especially the risk due to exchange rate fluctuations. It is possible to conduct hedging activities to protect the company from the risk of exchange rate fluctuations. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of growth, leverage firm size, cash flow and liquidity of the hedging decision on non-financial companies. In this study, measurement companies use hedging or not will be seen in the annual financial statements. The object used in this study were non-financial companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2015-2017. The analytical method is multiple regression. The results showed that leverage has a significant effect on hedging activity. The cash flow has a negative and significant effect on hedging activity.

The leaves of most plants contain two highly differentiated cell types in the epidermis guard cells, which constitute stomata, and trichomes. These cells, the spacing of which is the primary focus are usually separated from each other by pavement cells. Our understanding of the response of angiosperm stomata to environmental parameters remains imprecise because we know little about the mechanisms of stomata control modules. This research was carried out in the old Botanical Garden of the Agriculture University, Faisalabad from January 2019 to June 2019 to examine morphological studies of selected dicots plants leaves with biological active compounds for treatment of cancer using the compound light microscope also to predict algometric relationships between morphologically stomata traits in relation to gaseous exchange in leaf and required allocation of epidermal area to stomata. Epidermal cells varied from round, square to hexagonal with distinctive anticlinal cell wall and sunken stomata distributed on adaxial and abaxial were observed. Stomata are present in the upper and lower surface of the leaves helpful as adaptation for plants during photosynthesis process and stress condition to maintain the water usage.

The aim of this study is to evaluate crude extract, ethyl acetate, chloroform and butanol fractions of P. domestica for their in vitro antioxidant activities using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and reducing power assay on 1.25%, 2.5% and 5% concentrations. According to the results fraction of ethyl acetate showed maximum free radical scavenging up to 94% at the concentration of 5%, 93% at the concentration of 2.5% and 67% at the concentration of 1.25% followed by crude extract that showed 85, 54 and 41% activity at the concentrations of 5, 2.5 and 1.25% respectively. Chloroform fraction showed 70, 55 and 39% scavenging activity at 5, 2.5 and 1.25% concentrations respectively. While butanol fraction exhibited least activity i.e. 39, 36 and 9% on 5, 2.5 and 1.25% concentrations respectively. On the other hand, by reducing power assay method, ethyl acetate exhibited 90, 70 and 55% percent reducing power, followed by crude extract which exhibited 84, 62 and 41%, while chloroform extract exhibited 70, 42 and 28% and the least activity was shown by butanol extract i.e. 45, 22 and 12% at the concentrations of 5, 2.5 and 1.25% respectively. This study showed that ethyl acetate fraction exhibited best antioxidant potential and can be further isolated for biologically active constituents for further studies.

Synopsis: This article explores the state of the Church and the religious life in England prior to the Religious Revival, the rise of the Evangelical Movement and the subsequent foundation of the Church Missionary Society and its early missionary activity in the Muslim world. The Evangelical Movement in Britain led, eventually, to the formation of a large number of missionary societies including the Church Missionary Society; an important medium of the Church of England in spreading Christianity around the globe in general and in the Muslim world in particular.

Increased development in the industrial and transportation sectors today significantly increases the use of lubricants. This means that a significant amount of lubrication is needed to meet consumption needs in the industrial and transportation sectors. Palm Fatty Acid Destillate (PFAD) has a high enough potential to be used as a raw material for making oleochemical products, one of which is solid lubricant. This is caused by the composition of fatty acids contained in PFAD not much different from the composition of fatty acids found in palm oil. This study aims to determine the formulation of solid lubricants (grease) from PFAD and mixture metal soap (Al-Ca) as thickener which has characteristics close to SNI solid lubricants and know the quality of solid lubricants produced. The method used in the manufacture of solid grease (grease) consists of two stages. The first stage is the process of making mixed metal soap (Al-Ca) by mixing PFAD and Al(OH)3 - Ca(OH)2 and analyzing the mixed metal soap. The second stage is the manufacture of solid lubricants (grease) from mixed metal soap (Al-Ca) and PFAD as well as analyzing the resulting product. Based on the research that has been done, the optimum solid lubricant obtained according to SNI standards is in the composition of A1: B1, A1 is the ratio of Al (OH)3 : Ca(OH)2 = 90% : 10% and B1 is the ratio of metal soap: PFAD = 10 % : 90%, so the density is 0.95 gr / ml and the penetration value is 194 (250C), the melting point is 970C and NLGI 4.

In this work, the facies of blood serum were studied in patients with liver pathologies and pathological markers were identified, and information on their crystallographic features was given. To solve the set tasks, wedge dehydration methods, computer morphometry, biochemical, microscopic and statistical research methods were used. The work studied the correlation between the features of the change from the norm, the magnitude of informative biochemical blood parameters of patients with established diagnoses of liver pathology, as well as the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the morphotexture of the solid phase facies of their blood.

Introduction: Medically Assisted procreation (MAP) does not guarantee the outcome of an attempt to conceive. Our goal was to study the factors that can predict the occurrence of pregnancy in stimulated women in our center. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional and retrospective study carried out from August 1, 2016 to January 31, 2018 at the YGESHRTH, comparing two groups of women under the age of 40 years, who had undergone ovarian stimulation during MAP. The first group (group I) consisted of women who had conceived following stimulation during MAP, and group II consisted of those who never conceived. Sampling was consecutive and exhaustive. Discontinuous variables were compared using the Khi-2 test and continuous variables using Student's t-test. A P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of the 263 women recruited for the study, 69 (26.2%) had a positive pregnancy test confirmed both by blood samples and ultrasound. The average age of the patients was 33 ± 4.4 years. A significant association was found between the age group of 25-30 years (p = 0.043), a height range of 1.70 - 1.80m (p = 0.001), the transfer of 03 embryos (p = 0.027), the ease of transfer of the embryos (p = 0.030) and the occurrence of pregnancy.

Every student has different learning style and if the method of information delivered conforms to their learning habits, they learn better. To get best out of a student, facilitator needs to understand the student’s learning modalities and ‘tailor instruction’ in such a way that students appreciate and follow it to learning. In this regard a study was designed to analyze the learning style distribution among 1st year MBBS students. A cross sectional questionnaire based study was conducted among 1st year MBBS students (n=152) using validated VARK questionnaire (version 7.8).The questionnaire consists of 16 questions with 4 options, each of which corresponds to a particular sensory modality preference (visual, aural, read/write and kinesthetic). The responses in the questionnaires were assessed according to the keys provided in VARK guide. Demographic details were collected. Preferred learning styles were expressed as frequency and percentage. The response rate was 86.18% (131 students out of 152). Of these 71 (54.2%) were female and 60 (48.8%) were males. All the students preferred more than one sensory modality with 98% quad modal (n=129, M/F=59/70) and near 1% each in tri modal (n=1, M/F=1/0) and bimodal (n=1, M/F=0/1) learning preference. Knowing student’s preferred learning modes; one can focus on developing strategies that are tailored for individuals. All the students in the present study showed multimodal learning styles which points towards the fact that they prefer information to arrive in a variety of modes. Lectures being the major proportion of teaching learning process in 1st MBBS curriculum, one need to adopt active learning strategies and process during lectures which will cater to the needs of all types of learners.

Objectives: To measure the degree of attenuation of fasciculations and the degree of reduction in post-operative myalgia caused by Succinylcholine in patients pretreated with Magnesium Sulphate during the induction of general anaesthesia. Methods: This observational study was conducted from June 2016 to June 2019 in the Department of Anesthesiology in Government Medical College Srinagar, on patients who were candidates for surgery under general anaesthesia. Patients were selected and divided into two equal groups of cases and controls using block randomization. The cases received magnesium sulphate, while the controls received normal saline. SPSS 18 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Of the 100 subjects in the study, 57(57%) were men and 43(43%) were women (p=1.0). The mean age of the two groups were 35.55±13.56 years and 32.80±13.37 years (p=0.85). The incidence of fasciculations was 06(12%) patients in group M and 43(86%) patients in group S. The incidence of fasciculations between two groups was highly significant (p = 0.001). Postoperative myalgia was present in 9 (18%) patients of Group M and 38 (76%) patients in Group S experienced myalgia in postoperative period. The results were highly significant between two groups (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Magnesium sulphate can prevent and reduce the degree of fasciculation and postoperative myalgia after anaesthesia. Therefore it can be used to prevent fasciculation and postoperative myalgia

The study was done to determine the levels of changes in haematological parameters in patients with asthma in Southeast, Nigeria. A total of 200 subjects were recruited for the study comprising 100 subjects each for Patients with asthma (50 subjects were Males, 50 were Females) and 100 subjects for apparently healthy subjects (Control) (50 subjects were Males, 50 were Females) drawn from a tertiary health institution. About 3ml of venous blood was aseptically collected from the antecubital vein of each subject by standard technique and was dispensed into an EDTA bottle for haematological parameters determination. The haematological parameters were determined using Mindray BC-5300. The results were expressed as mean± standard deviation. The data were analysed with the statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 21 using t-test, ANOVA and the level of significance was set at P<0.05. The study showed increase (P<0.05) in WBC( 9.63±4.51 X109/L , 4.88±0.19 X109/L, P=0.047), decrease (P<0.05) in MCV (85.26±4.20fl, 90.01±0.05fl, P=0.035) , MCH (27.54±1.09 pg, 30.00±0.17pg, P=0.001), MCHC (325.20±4.97g/l, 333.34±0.07 g/l, P=0.006) and no significant difference (P>0.05) in Neutrophils (70.02±9.44%, 66.40±3.56%,P=0.446), Lymphocytes(28.38±10.20%,31.39±3.88%,P=0.554),Monocytes(1.50±0.50%,1.70±0.45%,P=0.524),Eosinophils 0.53±0.23%,0.51±0.45%, P= 0.959), Red blood cell (4.82±0.39 X1012/L, 5.04±0.51 X1012/L, P=0.435), Haemoglobin (13.78±1.36g/dl,15.13±1.52g/dl,P=0.175), Packed cell volume (41.60±3.78%,45.40±4.56%,P=0.189) and Platelets(255.40±58.16X109/L, 222.00±37.01X109/L, P=) of patients with asthma relative to control. The results showed decrease (P<0.05) in Neutrophils (60.50±3.54%, 76.37±4.56%,P= 0.026), Monocytes (1.00±0.01%,1.83±0.29%,P=0.030), increase (P<0.05) in Lymphocytes (38.50±2.12%,21.63±5.92%, P=0.034), MCH (28.60±0.28pg, 26.83±0.65pg, P=0.040), and no significant difference (P>0.05) in WBC (7.76±3.05, 10.86±5.51, P=0.533), Eosinophils (1.09±0.29%,0.1

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the current trends in usage, handling and dispensation of endodontic files by the dental practitioners of Karachi. Methodology: In this cross sectional study, two hundred and seventy survey performas were distributed to the dental teaching institutes and private dental clinics of Karachi. Survey participants were questioned about the preferred type of endodontic therapy, file system, method of dispensation of files, method of disinfection or sterilization of used files, criteria to discard used endodontic files and the preferred method of removal of debris from used files. SPSS version 21 was used for the calculation of frequency and percentage for statistical analysis. Results: Total two hundred and seventy survey forms were distributed out of which 200 were received with total response rate of 70.07%. 45.5% of dental practitioners perform manual root canal where as 19.5% prefer rotary endodontics. 82.25% respondents preferred to use Protaper files for rotary endodontics. 69.5% of the participants dipped the files in hydrogen peroxide while 20% kept their files in sodium hypochlorite while performing endodontic therapy. Autoclaving of the used files was found to be most common method amongst 87.5% of the participants and 80% of the respondents discard the files on first sign of deformation. 53% of the respondents dipped files in hydrogen peroxide to remove debris after usage.

Background and objectives: Carcinoma prostate is becoming an increasingly significant international health problem. Perineural tumour growth is associated with adverse prognostic features and a poor outcome; hence is a necessary component in histopathological reporting of malignancy. For accurate detection of perineural cancer spread, immunohistochemistry (IHC) with S100 was performed along with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain. This study attempts to correlate the clinic-pathological prognostic factors with PNI, in a regional scenario. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital over a period of one year. Specimens were trurcut biopsy, TURP chips and prostatectomy specimen, sent in 10% formalin. Paraffin embedded blocks was stained with H&E and representative sections with S100. Relationship of tumor with nerve was established and graded accordingly as: Category 0: nerves without immediate tumor-cell-contact. All nerves being fully surrounded by tumor (classical perineural invasion) were categorized group 3. Two further categories discriminated between nerves that were touched either by carcinoma cells below 50% of the circumference (category 1) or above 50% as category 2. Results: Out of 30 cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma, majority of specimens were needle biopsies (47%). The age of presentation were 55-84years with mean age being 68.93 years. Pretreatment and posttreatment PSA levels were assessed. Most common presentation was bladder outlet obstruction (57%) and treatment given was radical Prostatectomy (44%). Perineural invasion (PNI) was seen in 66.7% of cases and correlated positively with Gleason’s score, pT categories, %PSA. Perineural spread noted in 73.3% cases and negatively correlated with Grade group.

A left ventricular aneurysm (LVA) is a localized dyskinetic area of infarcted myocardium that bulges in systole and diastole. It is a well studied structural complication seen post myocardial infarction although decreasing in incidence due to major improvements in reperfusion therapy. Persistent ST elevation is the most widely reported electrocardiographic manifestation of left ventricular aneurysms. LVA may be evident on chest x-ray, as observed in this case. Diagnosis is non invasively confirmed using echocardiography. Complications of LVA include congestive heart failure, ventricular arrhythmias and rupture that can lead to sudden cardiac death. Surgical treatment is usually effective and followed by a marked improvement in function but is burdened with a heavy post operative mortality. We report the case of a 55-year-old man, with a history of myocardial infarction presenting with a large left ventricular aneurysm.

Introduction: Pemphigus vulgaris is an rare Autoimmune blistering disease. The common cause of death in Pemphigus is septicemia which is secondary to cutaneous bacterial infection. Aim: The aim of this study is to find out bacteriological profile and its antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in patients with Pemphigus vulgaris attending tertiary care hospital, Jamnagar. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted using the 198 skin swab culture and sensitivity reports collected retrospectively in department of Microbiology Shri M.P.Shah Medical College, Jamnagar from July - 2018 to July – 2019. Results: During the study 198 culture Reports were analysed. Out of this 91(45%) were culture Positive. Staphylococcus aureus (65.93%) was the most common organism isolated Followed by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17.58%), Klebsiella (8.79%). Other isolates include species of CONS, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter and Acinetobacter (7.69%). Out of this High sensitivity rate were observed against linezolid in gram positive cocci and against Imipenem and Piperacilin/ tazobactum in gram Negative bacilli. Conclusion: Secondary Cuteneous bacterial infection in pemphigus vulgaris is fatal. The Most common Organism is Staphylococcus aureus followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella and species of E.coli, acenatobacter and enterobacter showing high resistant to routine antibiotics.

Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the Solubility of Endosequence root repair material fast set putty and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Angelus (MTA-Angelus). Methods and Material: Solubility was determined by preparing stainless steel ring molds which were filled with cements corresponding to two groups (n = 5). Samples were transferred to bottles containing 10 ml of distilled water and stored at 37°C for 1, 7, and 21 days. Solubility was measured as the difference between the initial weight and the weight at the end of each storage period. Results were analyzed using Mann Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed rank sum test. Results: The results showed weight loss with time for both materials. The solubility of ERRM and MTA on 21 days was more compared to its solubility after 1 and 7 days. Conclusions: There was no significant difference in solubility between endosequence root repair material and mineral trioxide aggregate.