One cannot hold a company directly liable for any criminal act until one identifies the very ego and center of the personality of the company. This paper is, therefore, concerned with the examination of the provisions made under our laws and the laws of other jurisdictions together with case laws for easy identification of those organs of the company which control the affairs of the company. The author adopted historical, expository, analytical and comparative methods in conducting this research. Part of the findings of this paper is that the de facto control of the management of the affairs of a company resides with the board of directors while de jure control is with the general meeting. The paper, recommends that Sections 246 and 255 of CAMA be amended to accommodate the right caliber of men on the board.

Background and Objectives: MTA is the material of choice for Pulp capping, Apexogenesis, Apexification, Perforation repair and as well as for Root end filling. In this in vitro study, different mixing reagents were tested and their effect on the compressive strength, at different pH, was evaluated when MTA was mixed, individually with each of them. Materials and Method: A total 40 samples were prepared, 10 samples each for four mixing reagents. MTA (white) was mixed with four mixing reagents and condensed into split thickness molds after which it was allowed to set for 72 hours. After removing the samples from mold, samples were kept in freshly prepared Phosphate buffer saline solution at different pH (5.0 and 7.0) for 7 days after which they were removed from PBS and dried overnight before testing with Universal Testing Machine for compressive strength. Results were statistically analysed. Results: There was no significant difference found in compressive strength when comparison was done between sterile water and 1% Sodium hypochlorite at pH 7.0 and at pH 5.0. Within group comparison revealed, minimum changes in compressive strength with change in pH from 5 to 7 in Group I (MTA + Sterile water) while maximum was obtained in Group II (MTA + Metrogyl). In Group III (MTA + Sodium hypochlorite), a decrease in compressive strength was seen as pH decreased; however, the difference between pH 5 and 7 was not statistically different. Conclusion: All the groups tested showed a good compressive strength except MTA + Chlorhexidine group which did not set even after 7 days and amongst the group, MTA + Metrogyl exhibited better compressive strength. No significant difference was found at pH 5.0 and 7.0 among the group.

Indonesia is the largest Muslim country in the world followed by India in second place and Pakistan in third place [1], so that the majority of the population should understand the Arabic so that they will be able to read the Qur'an properly and correctly. The daily conversation learning process using Arabic we will use the android media application with the Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) research method and the Fisher-Yates Shuffle algorithm to perform a random process of problem training. At the stage of storyboarding using Belsamic Mockup tools, while collecting materials for images, sounds, text can be obtained free of charge or by ordering to other parties in accordance with the design made in the previous stage.

The present study was designed to compare and evaluate the effectiveness of electrosurgery with free gingival graft in the treatment of gingival hyperpigmentation in aesthetic areas. A total of 10 systemically with physiologic gingival pigmentation on facial surfaces of anterior region were randomly assigned to test (Free gingival graft) and control group (Electrosurgery). Both procedures, electrosurgical technique as well as FGG were found to be effective for gingival depigmentation. No recurrence was seen with either of the procedure upto 3 months post-operatively. However, there was less post-operative discomfort and pain in electrosurgical group as compared to FGG.

This study examines the instrumentality of English in writing good research papers. Writing is an interesting intellectual process. Research papers cover a wide range of topics. Poor mastery of English in English-speaking non-native regions is evident in research papers, and this is unacceptable. The study hinges on an integrative theoretical underpinning which explores insights from contemporary English grammar and principles of writing. Data are generated from research papers across academic disciplines. They are analyzed in terms of the conventions of English (grammar and vocabulary) and principles of writing that the writers have either articulated or violated. This study concludes that effective use of English in research papers presupposes use of correct spellings, appropriate vocabulary, grammatical constructions, progressive paragraphs, accurate transitional expressions, creative description of phenomena and proposition-reporting verbs.

Child abuse and neglect is defined as attitudes and behaviours performed by caregivers or other adults that cause physical or psychological harm; emotional, sexual or mental developmental delay to the child. Child abuse is an important social issue whose significance is increasing day by day from both medical and social aspects. In addition, protective and preventive attempts should be individually, socially and universally be planned, organized and urgently applied. Doctors and dentists should especially be educated in order to diagnose this devastating problem and all health professionals, and parents should be informed about this medicolegal issue. The awareness, experience, and motivation of the physician are extremely significant for diagnosis. Medicine, law and like social workers must work cooperatively for the evaluation of child abuse.

Objective: To study the role of IgM enriched IVIg in reducing mortality in neonatal sepsis. Method: It is a prospective randomized study conducted in Special Newborn Care Unit(SNCU) of CNMCH, Kolkata over a period of two years (June 2016 – May 2018).Two groups of 248 newborn each (matched for gestational age, sex, weight and other variables) were randomly allocated to receive either antibiotics alone (control group) and antibiotics plus IgM enriched IVIg intravenously (5ml/kg/day) for 4 days(Immunotherapy Group). Result: Mortality from sepsis in control group was 88/248 (35.5%) of which death from culture proven sepsis was 70/182 (38.5%) and culture negative sepsis was 18/66 (27.3%).In immunotherapy group overall mortality was 40/248(16.1%) of which death from culture proven sepsis was 32/192 (16.7 %) and culture negative sepsis was 8/56(14.2%).Conclusion: We conclude that IgM enriched IVIg therapy in conjuction with antibiotic significantly reduces mortality in neontal sepsis,particularly in culture positive cases.

Jatropha oil is considered one of the most important vegetable oil can use as biodiesel. This study was studied the genetic variations of Egyptian Jatropha curcas. Analysis of the five SSR loci with the ten of genotypes detected a total of 10 bands or alleles with 60 % polymorphism. The results showed that genotypes having the allele with the JCDS10 SSR locus (116bp) were 42 times more likely to have a high (above 10%) oleic acid content compared with these without this allele. The same results were obtained with the SSR loci JMDB57 and JCPS20 (alleles 82bp and 108bp) and increased odds to 3.8 and 3.6, respectively). While, allele at the JEM100 (140bp) SSR locus was showed negatively correlated with oleic acid content and exhibits a decreased odds (0.035) of having high (above 10%) oleic acid content. On other hand, Oleic acid content might be independent from the alleles at JCKASII SSR locus (OR=1.0). Moreover, the G9 oil specification was matched with European’s standard. The Values of Oil density, Viscosity and Iodine Value were 0.85 gm/cc, 34 cp and 96.5 mg. I2. g-1, respectively. Altogether, we can conculcated that the 5 SSR loci can use for study the genetic variations of Egyptian Jatropha curcas on a molecular basis. In addition, genotype 9 could be useful parental line for developing mapping population to map EST-SSRs (transcribed regions).

This paper is premised on the findings of a study that sought to find out the challenges faced by Kenyan Interior Designers in relation to their Interior Design Diploma Programmes’ training. The thesis for this paper is that challenges are a reflection of relevant knowledge and skills resulting from having the relevant curriculum and training facilities. As such, acquisition of relevant knowledge and skills by the Kenyan Interior Designers, coupled with the right training facilities and curriculum, leads to minimized challenges thus competences of IDDGs. Consequently, the relevance of the Kenya Interior Design Diploma Programmes to the manpower needs of the industry is therefore enhanced. The study employed a descriptive survey research design and was conducted in Nairobi County, Kenya. 120 Kenyan Interior Design Diploma Graduates formed the study sample. Data was collected using questionnaires, interviews, and observation; analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS version 25) and presented using frequencies. From the study, it was established that KIDDGs face challenges creating detailed drawings from the initial sketches, using CAD, using computer Software applications for 2D & 3D, less team work in construction projects in Kenya between architect and interior designers. Due to inadequate training, majority of KIDDGs cannot deliver given tasks effectively until after retraining. It was also noted that the KIDDGs were looked down upon by architects and other design practitioners during practice making it a challenge to negotiate their salaries. This paper thus calls on the government and the public technical institutions to work towards expanding their contribution of interior design to society through the exchange and development of knowledge and experience in education and practice.

This paper examines pre-Kanuri Borno societies focusing more on the „So‟ that were not given much relevance historically. It is in this view that the paper attempts to examine the place of the pre-Kanuri inhabitants of Borno in the history of the area and bring to the fore their contributions to human civilization, particularly in the Chad Basin Area before the arrival of the Sayfawa into Borno. It appears like the history of Borno started only with the coming of the Sayfawa into the area as documented in most reference materials. The „So‟ were the most notable pre-Kanuri inhabitants of Borno. Perhaps there were many ethnic groups who probably dispersed to other locations in the Benue Valley, Bauchi Plateau and some parts of Hausa land. These groups of people left some imprints in terms of civilization that we are able to understand through archaeological and ethnographical researches. The Method that was adopted in writing this paper is documentary analysis, using a multidisciplinary approach that cut across history, ethnography, archaeology and oral tradition. Data collected were critically analysed and interpreted. Findings revealed that the area was well inhabited long before the arrival of the Sayfawa, although, little was known about the pre-Kanuri inhabitants due to lack of enough sources to contend with. In conclusion, the area is noted for a civilization that flourished for thousands of years. As such, there is the need for more research on the area to reveal more on the pre-Kanuri Sayfawa people.

The existence of the media and ideology is akin to two sides of a coin. This existence is characterized by interrelatedness and mutual influence. During the Presidential Election of 2019, partisanship became a prominent issue. The media was regarded as being partisan and supportive of the incumbent. Similar case was observed during the Presidential Election of 2014 where the author identified the partisanship of the daily the Jakarta Post toward one of the presidential candidates. This stance is reflected on the editorial of the Jakarta Post entitled Endorsing Jokowi. Through this editorial, the Jakarta Post established itself as the only daily that openly threw its support for one particular presidential candidate. The analysis of this research is based on the Critical Discourse Analysis developed primarily by Teun Van Dijk in order to identify the reasons and means employed by the Jakarta Post to demonstrate its partisanship. The choice of theme, outline, diction, vocabulary and sentences used in this editorial reflects the attempt to marginalize, trivialize and accost the other candidate. In addition, the editorial contributed in providing insight on the candidate and the unfolding event. The research also identified the ideology espoused by the Jakarta Post which included pluralism, human rights, civil society and Reformasi which influenced their stance toward partisanship in this daily. Two events that took place during the campaign, which include the bestowal of the title Islamic Commander in Chief and the proliferation of the use of memes as the form of people’s political expression are observed as the social context that spurred the publication of such editorial.

In OBG out-patient department abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is one of the commonest presenting symptoms. This condition is caused by a variety of systemic illnesses or it may be related to pregnancy, polyps, fibroids, adenomyosis, anovulation or neoplasia. Endometrial biopsy could be used as the first diagnostic step & it is effectively qualitative in AUB. This study was done for evaluation of spectrum of lesions of endometrium by histopathology and to find the cause of AUB, in different age groups.

Etoposide (ETZ) is a standard drug used in treatment of several malignancies. However, it is associated with increased risk of spleen damage and secondary acute myeloid leukaemia. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is an ancient safe remedy used in management of minor health issues due to being rich in active constituents. Therefore, we hypothesize that ginger oil can ameliorate ETZ-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in spleen tissues and leukocytes. To achieve our aim, ginger oil (75&150 mg/kg b.w.) was administered three times to male albino rats an hour prior to ETZ oral administration (1mg/kg b.w.) for 3 weeks. Results showed that ETZ induced marked biochemical alterations in the oxidative status of spleen tissues. The elevated lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide levels were statistically countered. However, the glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes were reduced. Moreover, the DNA single strand breaks as evaluated by comet assay in blood leucocytes also showed significant changes. The administration of ginger oil caused significant improvement of oxidative stress status and DNA damage. In conclusion, our results suggest that ginger oil could be used as a herbal remedy for reducing ETZ-induced adverse effects in male albino rats.

Background: Breast diseases are showing a rising trend. The present study was conducted with aim of Clinicopathologic analysis of Breast Lumps. Materials & Methods: The present study was conducted on 130 breast specimens obtained from surgery department. The method of biopsy used was either open (excision and incision) or tru-cut needle biopsies depending on size and clinical parameters at presentation. Results: Maximum patients were seen in age group 40-60 years (70) followed by 20-40 years (40) and >60 years (20). Histological diagnosis was fibroadenoma in 49, fibrocystic disease in 20, benign phyllodes in 11, duct ectasia in 6, chronic mastitis in 15, granular cell tumour in 10, neurofibromas in 2, lactating adenomas in 4, lipomas in 6 and invasive lobular carcinomas in 22. Maximum masses were seen in upper inner quadrants (30%) followed by lower outer quadrants (24%), upper outer quadrants (12%), entire breast (11%), lower inner quadrants (10%), central (8%) and middle quadrants (5%). The difference was significant (P< 0.05). Conclusion: Most common breast mass was fibroadenoma followed by invasive lobular carcinomas. Most common site was upper inner quadrant.

The paper will outline the basic SWOT and PEST analysis features of the Bayer-AG company from Leverkusen. In this paper, we will present the strengths and opportunities, as well as the weaknesses and threats of the mentioned company. The Bayer AG demonstrates its strength through its strong business relationship and focus on research and development for product improvement. All human resources and financial flow management are well utilized. The paper also deals with the political and technological environment in which the company is located and how it affects the business strategy.